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ქაქუცა ჩოლოყაშვილი და “შეფიცულთა” რაზმი ემიგრაციაში (1924 წ. სექტემბერი-1930 წ. ივნისი) kakoutsa Tcholokhachvili et ses conjurés en émigration septembre 1924-juin 1930
Tiré
du livre de Gotcha Saïtidze -Tbilissi 2012 |
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„daucadeblad izrune misTvis, rom is, rasac dRes akeTeb, akeTo ise, rogorc Sehferis romaels da mamrs _ WeSmariti sidinjiT da sidarbaisliT, kacTa mimarT siyvaruliT, sruli TavisuflebiTa da simarTliT, xolo ganiride yvela sxva sazrunavi. Sen SesZleb amas, Tu yovel saqmes aRasruleb, rogorc ukanasknels Sens sicocxleSi“. markus avreliusi _ „fiqrebi“.
qaixosro (qaquca) ColoyaSvili
(dokumenturi Txroba)
I Tavi _ cxovreba-moRvaweoba sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dapyrobamde (1888-1921 w. Teberval-marti)
“roca 1921 wels saqarTvelos didi erovnuli katastrofa ewvia, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli iyo Tavisi teritoria daetovebina, rodesac daSlili iqna qarTuli jari da damfuZnebeli kreba garekili, rodesac devnil iqnen politikuri partiebi, xolo erovnuli da sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebani mospobili, rodesac mterma aRkveTa sazogadoebrivi cxovreba, xolo sazogadoebrivi azris gamoTqmis ufleba savsebiT akrZala _ jeri midga pirovnebazed, romelic aseT mZime pirobebSi, eris miswrafebas da mis ideals sajaro moqmedebiT gamoxatavda. es miswrafeba aris saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da es piri iyo Tavadi qaixosro ColoyaSvili! _ es cnobili qarTveli politikuri da sazogado moRvawis _ Salva amirejibis sityvebia, warmoTqmuli qaqucas dakrZalvaze. qaixosro (qaquca) ColoyaSvilis yvela Tanamedrove aRiarebda mis pirovnul mimzidvelobas: is iyo qarTveli raindis gansaxiereba am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT _ lamazi, daxvewili swori nakvTebiT, aristokratuli qcevebiTa da amayi mzeriT, dinji, darbaiseli, uaRresad keTili, zneobrivad amaRlebuli, uSiSari, magram, amavdroulad, frTxili da gonieri, gamoirCeoda TavdaWeriT, qalebTan rainduli damokidebulebiT, cxenze jdomiTa da jiriTiT. saocrad kargad cekvavda, yvelasTvis dauviwyaria mis mier Sesrulebuli „lekuri“. qaqucas megobari, “SeficulTa” razmis wevri aleqsandre sulxaniSvili mis Sesaxeb werda: “qaquca ColoyaSvili... iseTi TvisebebiT daejildoebina bunebas, aTas kacSi rom ageriaT, sruliad ucnobi adamianic ki miaqcevda mas yuradRebas. is Zalian uyvardaT jariskacebs da maTi saerTo pativiscemiT sargeblobda kidec. rogori mxdalic ar unda yofiliyo jariskaci, saukeTeso vaJkacad iqceoda qaqucas xelSi. udavod, mxedrad iyo igi dabadebuli” (106. 272). kidev erTi Seficuli _ elizbar mayaSvili aRniSnavda: “Cvens patara, turfa qveyanas mravali brZola uwarmoebia Semoseul mterTan da am brZolebis monawile gmirTa saxelebi legendad arian qceuli qarTveli xalxis mexsierebaSi. qaquca ColoyaSvilic erTi imaTgania; misi saxelic legendasaviT gavida xalxSi, magram radganac igi Cveni Tanamedrovea, man Tavisi gmirobiTa da TavdadebiT ufro damajereblad gaxada adrindel gmirTa namoqmedari” (54. 7). frangi polkovniki, qarTvelebsa da saqarTveloze uzomod Seyvarebuli adamiani remon diuge Tavis wignSi “moskovi da wamebuli saqarTvelo” miuTiTebda: „im meTaurTa Soris, romelTac wiTlebs daundobeli omi gamoucxades, yvelaze saxelovani udaod Tavadi ColoyaSvilia. misi saxeli yoveli qarTvelisaTvis saamayoa. albaT, polkovnik ColoyaSvilis saxeli saqarTvelos istoriaSi iqceva simamacis, vaJkacobisa da Tavganwirvis simbolod“ (33. 122-123). TvalsaCino qarTveli emigranti moRvawis _ niko nakaSiZis TqmiT, “pirdapir sakvirvelia, Tu rogor Tavsdeboda erTad da ase harmoniulad qaqucas bunebaSi araCveulebrivad utexi vaJkacoba da faqizi, gulCvilobiT aRsavse suli qalwulisa. qaquca iyo gansaxiereba qarTveli umwikvlo raindisa... SeuZlebeli iyo adamians qaquca pirvelive Sexvedrisas ar Seeyvara. mis bunebaSi raRac araCveulebrivi mimzidveli Zala iyo. Seupovari da udreki brZolis dros, _ Tavmdabali da usazRvrod gulkeTili cxovrebaSi. mas yvela uyvarda, erTs ki aravis apativebda: laCrobas. laCars is adamianad ar sTvlida da samudamod SeiZulebda. brZolis dros misi saxe brwyinavda da Rimili ar Sordeboda” (125. 612). 1888 wlis 14 ivlisi... am dRes daibada qaquca ColoyaSvili kaxeTSi, sagvareulo sofel matanSi (axland. axmetis raionSi), ioseb qaixosros Ze ColoyaSvilisa da daria (daro) zaqarias asul gogniaSvilis ojaxSi. igi saqarTvelos erovnuli gmiris, baxtrionis ajanyebis meTauris _ biZina ColoyaSvilis pirdapiri STamomavali iyo. qaqucas hyavda da-Zmebi: Saqro, simoni (siko), ana da kato (katuSa). gadmocemiT, ColoyaSvilebis gvaris fesvebi xevsureTidan modis, sadac isini sagvareulo cixe-simagres _ mucos flobdnen. Sua saukuneebSi Semoseul mterTan brZolaSi daWrili, dakoWlebuli xevsuri meomari Colaxa//Coloxa//Coloya ColoyaSvilTa gvaris mamamTavrad iqca. xSirad TviTon qaqucac sakuTar Tavs xevsurs uwodebda (67. 17, 31, 39). al. sulxaniSvili ColoyaSvilebis gvaris warmomavlobaze Semdeg cnobas gvawvdis: “xevsureTi kargad icnobda ColoyaanT gvars mama-papidan. iq dRemde legendad aris SemorCenili, rom ColoyaSvilebi xevsurTa Camomavalni arian. am legendis Tanaxmad, brZolaSi daWrili erTi saxelganTqmuli xevsuri meomari dakoWlebula; amitom, “Coloxa” daurqmeviaT misTvis, xolo mefes ki Tavadoba uboZebia qvelobisaTvis da is barSi dausaxlebia iq, sadac ColoyaanT cixea sofel matanSi. ase da amgvarad, rogorc Cans, Coloxa xalxs gadaukeTebia ColoyaSvilad” (106. 124). patara qaquca ColoyaSvili Tavdapirvelad Telavis gimnaziaSi swavlobda. igi Tavidanve Zalian swrafi da moqnili bavSvi iyo. Tanasoflelebi SemdgomSi igonebdnen: “qaquca ukusvliT ise gaiqceoda xolme, rom pirdapiri mimdevari kaci ver eweodao, oTxi nabadis gaSlaze xtebodao” (84. 4-5). cota xanSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma swavla Tbilisis saTavadaznauro qarTul gimnaziaSi ganagrZo. bolo xanebSi Catarebuli kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad, aRmovaCineT qaqucas cxovreba-moRvaweobis istoriasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime ucnobi saarqivo da fotodokumenti, romlebic mniSvnelovnad Seavsebs mkvlevarTa da sazogadoebriobis farTo wreebis codnas misi cxovreba-moRvaweobis sawyisi periodis Sesaxeb. aqamde mkvlevarTaTvis mxolod is iyo cnobili, rom XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze qaquca ColoyaSvili Tbilisis saTavadaznauro qarTul gimnaziaSi swavlobda, romlis gamge didi eqvTime TayaiSvili iyo. sxva informacia, kerZod, Tu rodis daiwyo man aRniSnul dawesebulebaSi swavla, rogor swavlobda, vin iyvnen misi Tanaklaselebi, rogori yofaqceviT gamoirCeoda da a. S. _ yvelafer amis Sesaxeb araferi vicodiT... Tumca, modiT, mivyveT TanmimdevrobiT. 2011 wlis martSi saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnulma centrma Caibara imedaSvilebis (ioseb, Salva, gaioz, koba da laSa) umdidresi arqivi. sxva saarqivo masalebTan erTad, imedaSvilebis arqivSi aRmoCnda qaquca ColoyaSvilis moswavleobis droindeli ucnobi foto, romelzec igi gadaRebulia TanaklaselebTan da klasis damrigebelTan, SemdgomSi cnobil qarTvel poetTan, “qarTvel mweralTa kavSiris” pirvel TavmjdomaresTan, 1921 wels meTerTmete wiTel armiasTan brZolis dros daRupuli maro mayaSvilis mamasTan _ kote mayaSvilTan erTad. Tu rogor aRmoCnda imedaSvilebis arqivSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis ucnobi fotosuraTi, amis Sesaxeb batoni koba imedaSvili mogviTxrobs: „arqivSi aRniSnul fotosuraTTan erTad daculia mosawvevi baraTi, romliTac yofil gimnazists _ mixeil estates Ze morCilaZes Txoven Tbilisis saTavadaznauro qarTuli gimnaziis daarsebidan 80 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil saRamoSi monawileobis miRebas. mixeil morCilaZe cnobili politpatimris _ amiran morCilaZisa da misi dis ruqaias mama gaxldaT. Semdeg man colad SeirTo ioseb imedaSvilis qaliSvili, dedaCemi, nino imedaSvili da ukve misgan ori Svili SeeZina _ mxatvari manana morCilaZe da prozaikosi mixo morCilaZe, afxazeTis omis monawile, vaxtang gorgaslis ordenis kavaleri. me maxsovs, am uaRresad mowesrigebulma kacma mixeil morCilaZem Tavis droze rogor pedanturad iSroma arqivSi daculi fotosuraTebis personaliis dadgenaze. swored man daazusta zemoxsenebul suraTze (minaweridan irkveva, rom igi gadaRebulia 1902 wlis 23 Tebervals) warmodgenili Tanaklaselebis vinaoba, Tanaklaselebis, radgan Tavad mixeil morCilaZec (pirvel rigSi, marcxnidan meore) aris am jgufur fotoze qaquca ColoyaSvilTan erTad. fotosuraTze sul ocdaTxuTmeti bavSvia gamosaxuli oTx mwkrivad, SuaSi maswavlebeli kote mayaSvili zis, mesame rigSi, marjvnidan pirveli, 13 wlis qaquca ColoyaSvilia, gimnazistis formiT, mokled SekreWili TmiT, seriozuli, daJinebuli mzeriT. Cveulebrivi bavSvia... yvela erTmaneTs hgavs, yvela sufTaa da umwikvlo. suraTi (Tambaqosferi, kargad Senaxuli mkafio foto, 22-17 sm.-ze) franguli warmoebis muyaozea dakruli, romlis zurgis mxares mkafio xeliT aris Camowerili Tanaklaselebis gvar-saxelebi: „caguria niko, kezeli, winamZRvriSvili giorgi, winamZRvriSvili niko, basilaZe, maminaiSvili konstantine, cxvedaZe aleqsandre, maisuraZe, amilaxvari revaz, bregvaZe simon, musxeliSvili, vaCnaZe, nonikaSvili, rcxilaZe vano, vaCnaZe, arseniSvili, Juruli mixeil, bartyulaiSvili, korZaia, bagrationi-daviTaSvili, egorovi, ColoyaSvili qaquca, vaCnaZe, maRalaSvili ivane, ColoyaSvili erekle, gomelauri, amilaxvari vaxtang, ZiZiguri, maisuraZe, Tuxareli vaxtangi, gedevaniSvili Sio“. qaqucas ucnobi fotosuraTis aRmoCenis Semdeg, saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivis saistorio arqivSi (yofil saqarTvelos centralur saxelmwifo saistorio arqivSi _ scssa) misi gimnazistobis periodis amsaxveli saarqivo masalebis Zebnas SevudeqiT. marTalia, damatebiT fotodokuments ver mivakvlieT, magram, samagierod, araerTi axali dokumenti moviZieT, romlebSic saubaria Tbilisis saTavadaznauro qarTul gimnaziaSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis swavla-ganaTlebis Taobaze. Tbilisis saTavadaznauro skolis pedagogiuri sabWos 1897 wlis 24 oqtombriT daTariRebuli sxdomis oqmidan (# 3) irkveva, rom masze skolis gamgis _ eqvTime TayaiSvilis TavmjdomareobiT, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, ganuxilavT da daukmayofilebiaT Tavad ioseb qaixosros Ze ColoyaSvilis Txovna misi vaJis _ qaixosros saTavadaznauro skolis pirvel ganyofilebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. saistorio arqivSi daculia 1897 wlidan 1909 wlamde, anu Tbilisis saTavadaznauro skolis (Semdgom Tbilisis saTavadaznauro qarTuli gimnaziis) dasrulebamde, qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da misi Tanaklaselebis mier miRebuli niSnebis furclebi, saidanac Cans, rom qaquca sanimuSo yofaqcevis moswavle yofila, Tumca bejiTi swavliT maincdamainc ar gamoirCeoda. sagnebi, romlebsac igi, rogorc Cans, siamovnebiT swavlobda da karg Sefasebebsac iRebda, qarTuli ena da qarTuli wera iyo. samagierod, qaqucasTvis uaRresad rTuli aRmoCnda rusuli enis programis daZleva, imdenad rTuli, rom erTxel, 1900/1901 saswavlo wels, rusul enaSi miRebuli Sefasebis “2”-is gamo, klasSic ki Catoves. Tbilisis saTavadaznauro skolis gamgis _ eqvTime TayaiSvilis yovelwliur angariSSi “skolis mdgomareobisa 1 ianvridam 1899 wlisa 1 ianvramdis 1900 wlisa”, erTgan, sadac igi CamoTvlis sias “garedan mosiarule mowafeebisa”, sxvebTan erTad moxseniebulia “qaixosro ColayaSvili”. erT-erT dokumentSi mocemulia sia im mowafeebisa, romlebsac darCenili aqvT Semosatani swavlis fuli. “garedan mosiaruleTa” siaSi moxseniebulia “qaixosro ColayaSvili”, romelsac, rogorc dokumentidan irkveva, srulad aqvs dafaruli 1897/98 saswavlo wlis fuli, magram darCenili aqvs gadasaxdeli 1898/99 wlis 7 maneTi da 1899/1900 wlis 12 maneTi _ sul 19 maneTi. 1902 wlis 19 oqtombers gaimarTa Tbilisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa sagangebo TaTbiri, romelzec gadawyda saTavadaznauro skolis 21 moswavlisTvis Semweobis aRmoCena sxvadasxva TanxiT. maT Soris iyvnen qaquca ColoyaSvili da misi megobari, vaJa-fSavelas vaJi, levan razikaSvili, romlebsac 100-100 maneTis Semweoba daeniSnaT. 1904 wlis 12 oqtombers Tbilisis guberniis Tavadaznaurobis winamZRolma _ g. bagration-davidovma Rarib moswavleTa Semwe Tbilisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa sazogadoebis ganmkargulebel komitets mimarTva gaugzavna, romliTac Seatyobina, rom Tbilisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa sakrebulom gamoyo 1000 maneTi Tbilisis TavadaznaurTa skolis 14 moswavlis Sesanaxad 1904/1905 saswavlo wlis pirveli naxevris manZilze. maT Soris dasaxelebulni arian levan razikaSvili da qaixosro ColoyaSvilic. saistorio arqivis masalebSi daculia qaquca ColoyaSvilis Zmis (saxeli miTiTebuli ar aris; savaraudod, ufrosi Zmis Saqros _ g. s.) 1904 wlis 9 noembris mimarTva Tbilisis saTavadaznauro skolis gamgis Sio CitaZisadmi, romelSic aRniSnulia: “Милостивый государь! Так как за моего брата вносит ежегодно банк, из дворянских, то уже послано прошение на имя предводителя дворянства и будьте так добры, повремените, пока получим. Если внесут, хорошо, если нет, так, что ж, в числах 20, 25 я сам приеду в Тифлис за получением денег и внесу, сколько следует. С почтением за Челокаева”. Tbilisis guberniis Tavadaznaurobis winamZRolma _ g. bagration-davidovma 1908 wlis 3 ivniss mimarTva gaugzavna Tbilisis qarTuli saTavadaznauro kerZo gimnaziis gamges, romliTac acnoba, rom Tbilisis guberniis Tavadaznaurobis winamZRolTa da deputatTa sakrebulom gamoyo 138 maneTi stipendiis saxiT gimnaziis ramdenime moswavlisaTvis, maT Soris, qaixosro ColoyaSvilisaTvis 11 man. 50 kap. erT-erT furcelze mocemulia gimnaziis ramdenime moswavlis xelwerili Sesabamisi Tanxis miRebis Sesaxeb. aqvea maSin 19 wlis qaqucas mier sakuTari xeliT dawerili: “miviRe 11 m. 50 k. q. ColoyaSvili”. aRsaniSnavia, rom esaa mecnierTa gankargulebaSi arsebuli saqarTvelos erovnuli gmiris jerjerobiT uZvelesi avtografi. 1909 wlis 1 marts pedsabWom gimnaziis gamgis _ al. mdivnis TavmjdomareobiT ganixila Semdegi sakiTxi: “moxseneba gamgis, rom meeqvse klasis mowafem qaixosro ColoyaSvilma scema Tavis amxanags beriZes, ris gamo igi Cemis gankargulebiT droebiT daTxovnil iqmna saswavleblidan”. pedagogiurma sabWom daadgina: “miRebul iqmnas qaixosro ColoyaSvili meeqvse klasSi im pirobiT, rom Tu kidev gaimeora aseTi cudi saqcieli, dauyovnebliv daTxovnili iqneba saswavleblidan”. qaquca ColoyaSvils Tbilisis saTavadaznauro qarTuli gimnaziis sruli kursi ar dausrulebia, 1909 wels igi jarSi gaiwvies, ris gamoc gimnaziis meeqvse klasSi swavla Sewyvita. arsebobs Semdegi Sinaarsis cnoba: “Свидетельство выдано за 6 классов 6-го сентября 1910 года № 241” (99. 28-33). qaqucas ruseTis imperiis jarSi gawvevasTan dakavSirebiT, Semonaxulia erT-erTi xevsuris _ TaTar liqokelis Semdegi Sinaarsis mogoneba: “mefis armiaSi rom gamiwvies, sxva xevsurebTan erTad TianeTSi wavedi kenWis amosaRebad. me jarSi wasvla ar mergo, iRbalma gamiWra, sul bolo kenWi amoviRe, sxva Cveneburebi ki TiTqmis yvelani waiyvanes maSin. CvenTan erTad kenWi amoiRo kaxelma TavadiSvilma qaquca ColoyaSvilma, romelic sul CvenTan, xevsurebTan, trialebda _ eseni Cemianebia da Zalian miyvarano. Cvenc Zalian mogvewona es brwyinvale garegnobis, Zvirfas qarTul Coxa-axaluxSi da vercxlis qamar-xanjalSi gamowyobili amayi vaJkaci. aq mas erTi ambavi gadaxda, romelmac kidev ufro mogvxibla Cven. kenWis amoRebisas mas Sexvda erT-erTi pirveli rigis kenWi, razedac komisarma, didma rusis oficerma, niSnis mogebiT Cailaparaka: “oho, TavadiSvilo, sirbiliT mogiwevs xelmwifis samsaxurSi wasvlao!”. qaqucam pasuxad erTi sila aWama komisars, Tanac SeukurTxa _ “rac me rusis samsaxurSi wagivideo!” amisTvis igi iqve daajarimes da magidaze vxedavdiT miseul sademonstraciod gamofenil oqros monetas” (67. 39-40). 1909-1912 wlebSi qaquca ColoyaSvili tveris dragunTa polkSi msaxurobda. igi Tavidanve gulad da niWier oficrad iTvleboda. qaquca jaridan oficris CiniT dabrunda. warmosadegi, mamaci, amavdroulad, saocrad Tbili da mosiyvarule axalgazrda oficeri kaxeTSi gamarTuli yvela dResaswaulisa, Tu wveulebis sasurveli stumari iyo. qaqucas momavali meuRlis _ nino meRvineTuxucesis biZaSvili nino avaliSvili, mravali wlis Semdeg, igonebda mis bavSvobaSi aleqsandre WavWavaZiseul winandlis mamulSi mowyobili erT-erTi dResaswaulis dros momxdar SemTxvevas: “roca sasule orkestrma daukra, erT patara gogonas SeeSinda da gaiqca. dedamisi ver daewia. am dros mocekvaveTa wridan erTi TeTrCoxiani ymawvili gamovarda, bavSvs daewia, xelSi aitaca, moefera, haerSi SeaTamaSa. gogonam sicili, mxiaruli kiskisi atexa. amasobaSi Cvenc SevesieT, Cvenc raRac sixaruli gagviCnda: vxtunaobdiT, vicinodiT. zogi, vinc ufrosi iyo, im ymawvils icnobda da Zia qaqucas eZaxda. mec da Cemi bavSvobis megobars, im dRis momswres Tamar lomiZes dagvamaxsovrda, rom Zia qaquca metwilad bavSvebs dastrialebda da isinic sul gars exveodnen” (4. 5). 1913 wels qaquca ColoyaSvili daojaxda: colad SeirTo sofel awyuris mkvidris _ ilia meRvineTuxucesis erTaderTi asuli nino, romlisganac SemdgomSi ori qaliSvili: Tamari (cicna) da qeTevani SeeZina. wyvilma jvari awyuris wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi daiwera. igive nino avaliSvili qaqucas da ninos qorwils ase aRwers: “saRamo xans gaisma Tofebis srolis xma da ezoSi mayrionma SemoaWena cxenebi. yvelani CerqeskebSi iyvnen gamowyobilni da xmlebamoRebulebi. gaisma mxiaruli simRera da cota xanSi gamoCnda qaqucac TeTr CoxaSi da TeTr cxenze. Tan axldnen Tavisi Zmebi siko da Saqro da megobrebi. gaCaRda cekva-TamaSi. gadmovida wreSi qaquca, gaSala xelebi da TeTr, qaTqaTa kabaSi gamowyobili mSvenieri, nazi, lamazi nina gadaiyvana sacekvaod. Semdeg wels nina, qaquca da mTeli Cveni naTesaoba CvenTan kondolSi Camovidnen kviracxovlobaze. aqac TiTqmis iseTive qorwili gaumarTes, iyo doli, dafa-zurna, cekva da TamaSi. vin icis, ramdeni qorwilis momswre var, magram qaqucasa da ninas qorwili mTeli sicocxlis manZilze maxsovs, rogorc didi dResaswauli” (4. 5; 13. 13). qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da nino meRvineTuxucesis qorwilma waruSleli STabeWdileba datova mis kidev erT damswreze, sofel awyurSi mcxovreb sosia danelaSvilze. misi TqmiT, “qaqucas da ninos qorwilSi soflis axalgazrdobasTan erTad mec viyavi. zRapruli wyvili iyo nefe-patarZali. gansakuTrebiT movixibleniT qaqucas garegnobiT da misi cekviT. qaquca mis maxlobel mandilosans ecekveboda. cekvis dros amoiRo iaraRi da mocekvave mandilosans fexebTan dauwyo srola, ise rom cekva ar gauCerebia. vxedavdi, tyviebi rogor erWobodnen miwaSi. amis Semxedvare xalxi gaognebuli iyo. is ara marto kargi mocekvave iyo, aramed iaraRsac marjved isroda mizanSi” (84. 5). daojaxebis Semdeg, qaquca ColoyaSvili Telavis mazris sofel awyurSi, simamris mamulSi dabinavda, xolo misi deda da Zmebi kvlav matanSi cxovrobdnen. qaquca Zalian samarTliani adamiani iyo, cdilobda, gaWirvebul xalxs mxarSi amosdgomoda da maTTvis mZime yofa Seemsubuqebina, razec kargad metyvelebs awyureli zaqaria qoqonaSvilis es mogonebac: “mama adre gardamecvala, oblebis gazrda da ojaxis rCena dedaCems mZime tvirTad daawva. dedaCemi mosamsaxured muSaobda ilia meRvineTuxucesis ojaxSi. mec TiTqmis am ojaxSi vizrdebodi. Zalian momwonda qaquca. fizikurad kargi aRnagobis da garegnobis vaJkaci iyo. yovelTvis did siTbosa da siyvaruls vgrZnobdi misgan. qaquca cekvas rom daiwyebda, yvela cqerad iyo gadaqceuli. mas iatakze gadabrunebul TefSs daudebdnen, zed ise cekvavda, rom TefSi ar tydeboda. ase megona, qaqucaze Zlieri vaJkaci ar dadioda qveyanaze. Cvens ojaxs erTi marCenali Zroxa hyavda, romelic davkargeT. xangrZlivi Zebnis Semdeg, soflis tyeSi vipoveT Cveni Zroxis tyavi. am ambiT Zalian Sewuxda dedaCemi. kargad maxsovs, dedaCemi purs ucxobda meRvineTuxucesebs da Tan tiroda. am dros movida qaquca. rom naxa atirebuli dedaCemi, ikiTxa tirilis mizezi. gaigo Cveni Zroxis moparvis ambavi, amoiRo jibidan fuli, Zalad Caudo dedaCems jibeSi da uTxra: “am fuliT kargi Zroxa iyide, qurdebs ki me mivxedavo”. qaqucas epova Cveni Zroxis qurdebi da mkacradac daesaja” (84. 38-39). 1914 wels daiwyo pirveli msoflio omi da leitenanti qaquca ColoyaSvili brZolaSi Caeba. igi jer avstriis frontze ibrZoda, sadac gamoCenili mamacobisaTvis wm. giorgis jvriT daajildoves. oqtomberSi daiWra. Wrilobis moSuSebis Semdeg, qaquca kavkasiis frontze gadmoiyvanes. aq gaafTrebuli brZolebi mimdinareobda ori didi imperiis _ ruseTisa da osmaleTis jarebs Soris. qaquca ColoyaSvili, sxva qarTvel patriotebTan erTad, upirveles yovlisa, Tavis samSoblos icavda. igi zurgis jaris aseuls meTaurobda, romelsac Turqebis winsvlis SeCereba da samxreTisaken gandevna evaleboda. roca osmalebma qalaq sariyamiSs Seuties, qaqucam miiRo brZaneba, ukan daebrunebina strategiuli mniSvnelobis "arwivis budis" mTa. igi am brZolaSi samjer daiWra, maT Soris, mkerdSic, magram davaleba mainc Seasrula. amisTvis qaquca oqros xmliT daajildoves (33. 123; 95. 4; 96. 13; 106. 272-273; 123. 152-153). mZimed daWrili qaquca ColoyaSvili TbilisSi Camoiyvanes da wminda ninos qarTul saavadmyofoSi moaTavses, sadac mas cnobili eqimi grigol muxaZe mkurnalobda. misi cxovrebis am periodze cnobebs vawydebiT qarTveli emigranti poetis simon (simoniko) bereJianis mogonebebSi: “ufrosi klasis mowafeni wmida ninos saavadmyofoSi mesneuled CavewereniT. is saavadmyofo Cveni saswavleblis zeviTa sarTulSi moaTavses. Cveni qaquca pirvelad iq vnaxe. ra kargad maxsovs! sacvlebis amara, fostlebSi. saavadmyofos xalaTs, rogorc nabads, ise moigdebda beWebze...” (125. 497). weliwadze meti xnis mkurnalobis Semdeg, qaquca ColoyaSvili gamojanmrTelda, magram mas marjvena xelis maRla aReba veRar SeeZlo. al. sulxaniSvili wers: “qaqucas didxans ukeTebdnen masaJebs, rom marjvena xeli mTlad ar waxdenoda Wrilobisagan” (106. 164, 272-273). 1916 wels qarTvelma oficrebma: daviT WavWavaZem, aleqsi amilaxvarma da daviT SalikaSvilma imperator nikoloz II-s qarTvel cxenosanTa pirveli aTaseulis//legionis daarsebis nebarTva sTxoves. “SeficulTa” razmis wevris, cnobili samxedro moRvawis _ mixeil laSqaraSvilis cnobiT, maT SeZles “rusis mefis sasaxleSi bevri mecadineobis Semdeg, nebarTvis miReba qarTuli cxenosani aTaseulis SesadgenaT... mouyares mxedrebs Tavi erovnul droSis qveS deda-enazed brZaneblobiT. asi wlis Semdeg, pirvelad gaisma qarTveli mxedrebis qarTulaT simRera” (62. 13). “ase Caeyara safuZveli wminda qarTul cxenosanTa aTaseuls, romelmac didad Sors gaiTqva saxeli” (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 71). aTaseulis xelmZRvanelma generalma daviT WavWavaZem piradad SearCia qarTveli kavaleristebi yvela sajariso nawilidan. mis rCeulTa Soris qaquca ColoyaSvilic moxvda, rogorc niWieri da gabeduli oficeri. es ukanaskneli aseulis meTaurad dainiSna (106. 71; 125. 610). m. laSqaraSvilis TqmiT, daviT WavWavaZem qarTvel cxenosanTa aTaseulSi, qaquca ColoyaSvilis garda, miiwvia Semdegi samxedro pirebi: aleqsi amilaxvari, daviT SalikaSvili, svimon (simonika) bagration-muxraneli, ivane (vaniCka) yarangoziSvili, Tengiz dadeSqeliani, anton (antoSa) cagareli, giorgi (gogi) ximSiaSvili da sxv. ai, rodis Caeyara safuZveli am oficrebTan qaqucas guliTad megobrobas, romelic SemdgomSi mTeli misi sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda (62. 13). imave 1916 wels qarTuli legioni, baqos gavliT, sparseTis frontze gaigzavna. mis wevrebs baqoSi incidenti SeemTxvaT rus mezRvaurebTan, rasac m. laSqaraSvili SemdgomSi ase igonebda: “daviT WavWavaZis brZanebulobiT es qarTuli laSqari gaemgzavra baqos xaziT sparseTSi. baqoSi gavlisas maT didi zeimi gaumarTes qarTvelma mcxovreblebma. baqoSi Setakeba mouxdaT rusis matrosebTan. erT qarTvelzed oTxi rusis matrosi modioda, magram qarTvelebma daCexes da dalewes. bolos, daujerebeli ambavi egona rusis xelisuflebas, nuTu, ise cota qarTvelma amdeni rusi gaanadgureso. rusebs aRaraviTari pasuxi ar mouTxoviaT qarTveli mxedrebisTvis. im rusis matrosebs baqo aklebuli hqondaT da mcxovreblebi _ Zlier daSinebulni. ukanaskneli gakveTilis Semdeg, ise veRar awuxebdnen dabriyvebul mosaxleobas“ (62. 13). qarTvel cxenosanTa pirvelma aTaseulma general daviT WavWavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT sparseTis frontze brwyinvale reidi Seasrula, mesopotamiis udabno gaiara da mokavSire ingliselebs SeuerTda. 1917 wlis Semodgomaze general giorgi mazniaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT Camoyalibda qarTuli divizia, rasac Tan sxvadasxva sirTuleebi axlda. generalma mazniaSvilma daxmarebisaTvis samxedro da sazogado moRvaweebs mimarTa. "Cemi TxovniT gaigzavna xevsureTSi erovnul-demokratiuli partiidan Salva qarumiZe da qaquca ColoyaSvili. maT didi gavlena hqondaT xevsureTSi. mokle xanSi Camoiyvanes tfilisSi oTxasamde xevsuri" (giorgi mazniaSvili) (68. 16). 1918 wlis 26 maiss, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenas, qaquca qarTvel cxenosanTa pirveli aTaseulis aseulis meTauris rangSi Sexvda (125. 610). damoukideblobis wlebSi polkovniki qaquca ColoyaSvili qarTul SeiaraRebul ZalebSi msaxurobda da im periodSi gadaxdil TiTqmis yvela brZolaSi monawileobda. erT-erTi Seficulis _ aleqsandre (saSiko) kargareTelis TqmiT, qaquca “arcerT politikur partias ar ekuTvnoda. misi ideali mxolod da mxolod saqarTvelo iyo” (54. 8). cnobili qarTveli samxedro da politikuri moRvawe generali Salva maRlakeliZe qaquca ColoyaSvils ase axasiaTebda: “qaquca iyo kaci, romelsac araviTari warmodgena ar qonda socializmze. is iyo kavaleriis oficeri, Sesaxedavad kargi vaJkaci, maRali, xmeli. warmodgena ar qonda, raa social-demokratiuli partia, raa menSevikuri partia. yvelas uyvarda misi dardimandoba... qaquca sul ar gavda kaxels, magram metismetad sayvareli kaci iyo” (74. 72-73). 1918 wels Salva maRlakeliZe kaxeTSi msaxurobda da, rogorc Tavis mogonebebSi aRniSnavs, kargad icnobda qaquca ColoyaSvilis ojaxs. erTxel, am ukanasknelis ufrosi Zmis _ daviTis (rogorc Cans, aq Salva maRlakeliZes saxelebi ereva da qaqucas ufros Zmas Saqros, mravali wlis gasvlis Semdeg, moxucebulobaSi, SecdomiT daviTis saxeliT moixseniebs _ g. s.) mipatiJebiT, maT ojaxsac stumrobda, romelic misi erT-erTi Tanmxlebi pirisTvis, oficer soso gomarTelisTvis kinaRam sabediswerod damTavrda: “me vyofilvar qaqucas ojaxSi... cxraasTvrametis dasawyisSi. jer TelavSi SevxvdiT erTmaneTs. rodesac Cavedi, damxvda iq ufrosi Zma qaqucasi daviTi, is iyo Cemi megobari, oficeri iyo da daviTis mipatiJebiT Cavedi. orive Zma kargad cekvavda. CemTan aris soso gomarTeli, oficeri, Tbilisis mazris komisrad davniSne. kneinam ori-sami sadRegrZelo Tqva da daviTs vulocav Tamadobaso. daviTma, Cemi TanaSemwe qaixosro iqnebao. qaqucas qaixosro erqva. moxda ise, batono, rom soso gomarTeli SegviTvra da wamowva taxtze. cekvis dros daviTma moisurva, rom revolveris sroliT icekvos. iaraRi da xanjlebi SemosasvlelSi gvaqvs datovebuli. aiRo iaraRi, cekvavs, isvris da srolis dros sadac Tavi udevs soso gomarTels, iq ar moxvda tyvia _ sul raRac erT-or santimetrSi da maSinaTve iyvira qaqucam, daviT, Se urjuloo, movarda da gamoglija revolveri xelidan. saswaulad gadarCa soso sikvdils” (74. 72). 1918 wels qaquca ColoyaSvili qarTvel cxenosanTa pirveli aTaseulidan erovnuli saxalxo gvardiis cxenosanTa divizionSi gadavida, romelsac misi axlo megobari gogi ximSiaSvili xelmZRvanelobda. niko nakaSiZis, romelic im periodSi qarTvel cxenosanTa aTaseulSi msaxurobda, cnobiT, “qaqucas wasvlam gansakuTrebiT daswyvita guli legions. mas scildeboda saukeTeso oficeri. qaquca legions usazRvrod uyvarda da jariskacni mas usazRvrod endobodnen”. (125. 611). amis Semdeg, roca qaquca aTaseulis oficrebs Sexvdeboda, TiTqos, darcxvenilad grZnobda Tavs da Zalian uxaroda, “rodesac gaigebda, rom legionma ama Tu im brZolaSi Tavi isaxela”. mas gansakuTrebulad uyvarda polkovniki daviT SalikaSvili da yofil TanamebrZolebs ekiTxeboda, “maswavleT erTi, daviTis guli iseve rogor movigoo” (niko nakaSiZe) (125. 611). 1918 wlis dekemberSi moxda saqarTvelo-somxeTis omi, romlis drosac gamoCenili qarTveli samxedro moRvawe generali giorgi kvinitaZe qarTuli jaris Stabis ufrosi iyo. "omi ramdenime dRis dawyebuli iyo, roca, ver getyviT romel ricxvSi, RamiT, ekaterinenfeldTan, sadac mTel razms moeyara Tavi, brZola gaimarTa. somxebma Semogvities, moulodnelad daesxnen Tavs gvardiul nawilebs da zarbaznebi wagvarTves. RvTis wyalobiT, am dros iq aRmoCndnen qaquca ColoyaSvili, maisuraZe, juReli da sxva beladebi, romlebsac Tavgza ar daukargavT, da saqme maSinve gamosworda... somxebi garekes da zarbaznebi daibrunes" (giorgi kvinitaZe) (56. 89). somxeTTan omSi qarTvel cxenosanTa aTaseulic monawileobda, romlis wevrebmac Tavi gmiruli brZoliT isaxeles. samwuxarod, erT-erT SetakebaSi polkovniki andria dadiani daiRupa. n. nakaSiZis TqmiT, “mis cxedars, qaSueTis wmida giorgis eklesiaSi, sadac igi esvena, Tavs adga qaquca da bavSviviT stiroda. legionis yvela oficrebi gadahkocna da uTxra: “mapativeT, rom TqvenTan erTad ar viyavio” (125. 612). 1919 wels qaquca ColoyaSvili, saxalxo gvardiasTan erTad, monawileobda afxazeTSi general anton denikinis “dobroarmiis” winaaRmdeg warmoebul samxedro operaciebSi. TvalsaCino emigranti politikuri moRvawe, menSevikuri partiis wevri valiko CubiniZe Tavis mogonebebSi werda: “roca Cveni samxedro Zala idga mdinare bzibze da iq Cven vebrZodiT denikinelebs, qaqucac iq iyo da erT dRes miTxra: kaco, minda gvari gadavikeTo. _ ra mizania, _ SevekiTxe. _ gare-kaxeli gvardielebi ar mendobian, Cumad daiwyes laparaki: eg xom Tavadia, eg denikins ar dauwyebs brZolaso! eg gadava iqiTo! me gamecina da vuTxari: Tu ginda, mogcem Cems gvars! _ Sen arc xumrob, Seni gvari jobia juRelis gvars. Cubini kargs msrolels niSnavso. aleqsandre dgebuaZe (saxalxo gvardiis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli _ g. s.) usmenda Cvens laparaks da igi gaexumra qaqucas: wadi, erTi xuTi weli imuSave qarxanaSi da iqnebi profesiiT muSao!” (133. 206). am periodSi qaquca da misi ojaxi TbilisSi, yorRanovis quCis (axland. qiaCelis) # 24-Si cxovrobda. maT stumarTmoyvare ojaxSi xSirad imarTeboda megobruli wveulebebi, romelTagan erT-erTs, 1920 wlis 14 ianvars, nino avaliSvilic daeswro: “Cemma mamidaSvilma nino meRvineTuxucesma da misma meuRlem _ qaquca ColoyaSvilma ninoobaze dagvpatiJes. me da maro (nino avaliSvilis da _ g. s.) rom mivediT, stumrebi ukve sufrasTan isxdnen... SevediT oTaxSi da yvelani fexze adgomiT mogvesalmnen, qaquca ki Sua oTaxSi Semogvegeba, gadagvkocna da xelmoxveulma dagvsva. me suli SemexuTa siamayiT, rom aseTi lamazi, aseTi mSvenieri vaJkaci Cemi siZe iyo. Tamadad TviTon qaquca iyo. maxsovs misi sadRegrZeloebi _ dinji, lamazi da STamagonebeli. yvelani sulganabulni usmendnen. male movida qaqucas didi megobari antoSa cagareli da maSin gaimarTa cekva-TamaSi, gitaraze dakvra da simRera. erTma mocekvavem qaqucas Svils _ cicnas sTxova, ecekvna masTan. cicna maSin 5-6 wlisa iyo. daimorcxva da ar icekva. dedamisma cota mkacrad uTxra: “cicna, rogor ar grcxvenia, Zia gTxovs, rom masTan icekvo da Sen uars eubnebi?” cicnam iwyina dedis simkacre, daiwyo tirili da SeZvra taxtis qveS. bevrs exvewnen, magram ar gamodioda. am dros adga qaquca, mivida taxtTan da Seexvewa Tavis saTayvanebel Svils, CemTan xom icekveb, Cemo cicniko, me minda SenTan cekvao. im wamsve gamoZvra taxtis qveSidan TmaxuWuWa cicna, Tvalebgabrwyinebuli, da daiwyo cekva, Tan Tvals ar acilebda mamamiss” (4. 5). imave nino avaliSvilis cnobiT, “1921 wlamde qaquca Tavis megobrebTan erTad xSirad modioda xolme mamaCemTan _ avalosTan sofel kondolSi. mamaCemi yofili samxedro piri iyo, kargi maspinZeli da qeifis moyvaruli. qaquca Zalian uyvarda da yovelTvis didi siyvaruliT xvdeboda... stumroba yovelTvis qeifiT mTavrdeboda” (4. 5). 1920 wels qaquca ColoyaSvilma saxalxo gvardiaSi samsaxurs Tavi daaneba. “gvardia ufro da ufro iRebda partiul elfers, saxelmwifos yvela saqmeebSi ereoda da am Carevas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda... maT Tavgasulobas sazRvari aRar hqonda. cxadia, qaquca maT rigebSi veRar darCeboda” (n. nakaSiZe) (125. 612). male baTumis olqis gubernatorma _ benia CxikviSvilma qaquca ColoyaSvili gansakuTrebul mindobilobaTa oficris Tanamdebobaze daniSna. igi qaqucas eubneboda: “aWaraSi udidesi gavlena begebsa aqvT. Cven maTTan gvixdeba saqmis daWera. begebi socialistebs ar endobian. maTi ndobis mosapoveblad saWiroa davanaxvoT, rom mTeli saqarTvelo gaerTianebuli aris. Sen didi gvaris kaci xar da, am mxriv, did samsaxurs gagviwev. erovnuli da saxelmwifos interesebi amas moiTxoveno” (n. nakaSiZe) (125. 612). 1982 wels Seficulma al. kargareTelma safrangeTidan Semdegi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis pirveli Tavmjdomaris, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris _ noe ramiSvilis vaJs, inglisSi mcxovreb akaki ramiSvils: “salami Zvirfaso akaki! imedia, kargad xar. erTi ambavi gamaxsenda, momesurva, rom gacnobo. iqneb, gamogadges Sen mogonebebSi. qalaq baTumis gubernatori iyo generali mdivani, misi TanaSemwe _ qaquca ColoyaSvili. erTxel, baTumSi Cavida Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, batoni noe ramiSvili. vaxSmobis Semdeg, generalma uTxra qaqucas, aba, Sen ici, rogor moasveneb amaRam baton ministrso. qaqucam waiyvana Tavis binaSi da Tavisi sawoli SesTavaza. maSin noem hkiTxa, Sen sad dawvebio. me am divanze movisvenebo, uTqvams qaqucas. noem upasuxa: rogor, Sen, TavadiSvili, me sawols miTmob, Sen ki divanze unda moisvenoo? qaqucam upasuxa: me mxedari var da yvelgan SemiZlia movisveno, Tqven ki ministri brZandebiTo. es naambobi momagonda da amitom mindoda mecnobebina SenTvis” (90. 13). 1920-21 wlebis mijnaze baTumSi myofma qaquca ColoyaSvilma TxovniT mimarTa samxedro ministrs, mis qarTvel cxenosanTa aTaseulSi dabrunebasTan dakavSirebiT. n. nakaSiZis cnobiT, “velodiT gankargulebas qaqucas daniSvnis Sesaxeb” (125. 612). 1921 wlis 27 ianvars pirvel msoflio omSi gamarjvebuli antantis saxelmwifoebma: inglisma, safrangeTma, italiam, agreTve, msoflios ramdenime sxva qveyanam, saqarTvelo de-iured scnes, ramac Cvens mosaxleobaSi udidesi sixaruli da aRtaceba gamoiwvia. xalxSi arsebul ganwyobilebas kargad gamoxatavs cnobili qarTveli emigranti moRvawis _ Tamar papavas mier qaquca ColoyaSvilisadmi miZRvnil narkvevSi daculi es cnobac: “mravali kargi droeba gagvitarebia erTad Cven ojaxebs, bevri “lekuri” Camogvivlia SuamTaSi, xatobaSi da alaverdSi. da merme, rogor uxdeboda es rainduli cekva am mSvenier vaJkacs!.. ai, aseTi giJuri “qarTuli” me da qaqucam davuareT maSin, roca saqarTvelos damoukidebloba evropis saxelmwifoebma icvnes. dauviwyaria is netari dRe mTeli Cemi sicocxlis gzaze: qarTuli klubis did darbazSi sazeimo mejlisi iyo gamarTuli; mTeli saqarTvelos warCinebulni iyvnen maSin iq Sekrebilni, raTa enaxaT da moesminaT saqarTvelos es istoriuli ambavi misi mkvdreTiT aRdgomisa... gaisma ciuri xmebi: dolma da sazandarma “qarTuli” gaaCaRes... da am dros, rogorc arwivi moswydeba xolme mTis naprals, ise moswyda qaquca, erTi dauara, Cemken gamoeSura da gamiwvia. mas scvlidnen Cveni axalgazrda vaJkacebi, Sav CoxaSi gamowyobili oficrebi: yaralaSvili, ant. cagareli, yarangoziSvili, wereTeli da sxvani. ax, ra iyo is rokva _ giJuri aRtaceba... es iyo gamarjvebuli saqarTvelos laRoba da nadimi” (85. 62). da... swored am dros, 1921 wlis ianvris bolos, sabWoTa ruseTis mTavrobis samzadisi „gamarjvebuli saqarTvelos” dasapyrobad gadamwyvet fazaSi Sevida; im saqarTvelosi, romelic TviTon vladimer leninma 1920 wlis 7 maiss moskovSi dadebuli saqarTvelo-ruseTis xelSekrulebiT de-iured aRiara. xelSekrulebis I muxlSi ewera: “ruseTi usityvod cnobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos damoukideblobas da nebayoflobiT ambobs uars yovelmxriv suverenul uflebebze, romlebic ruseTs qarTveli xalxis da miwis mimarT hqonda”; xolo II muxlSi aRniSnuli iyo: “ruseTi uars ambobs saqarTvelos saSinao saqmeebSi yovelgvar Carevaze” (15. 259-260; 16. 282-283; 17. 370; 27. 592; 33. 51; 45; 47. 184, 190; 48. 388, 394-395; 51. 56; 82. 64; 111. 224; 116. 508; 145. 10-12). sabWoTa ruseTis xelmZRvanelobis agresiuli gegmebis ganxorcielebas xeli Seuwyo I msoflio omSi gamarjvebuli, Tumca ekonomikurad dasustebuli antantis (gansakuTrebiT, didi britaneTis) saxelmwifoebis poziciam. inglisis premier-ministrma loid jorjma, sabWoTa ruseTTan mWidro ekonomikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis sanacvlod, amierkavkasiis qveynebis sakiTxi kremlis saSinao saqmed aRiara. garkveuli teritoriebis daTmobis Taobaze dapirebis miRebis Semdeg, aseve moiqca mustafa qemal faSac. somxeTis gasabWoebis (1920 w. noemberi), dasavleT evropis saxelmwifoebisa da TurqeTis poziciis garkvevis Semdeg, leninis, stalinisa da trockis gegmebis dRis wesrigSi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dapyrobis sakiTxi dadga. maTi azriT, somxeTis gasabWoebis Semdeg, damoukidebeli saqarTvelo disonanss qmnida amierkavkasiis politikur cxovrebaSi. isini sulac ar uwevdnen angariSs imas, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleoba mxars uWerda arsebul demokratiul xelisuflebas. rsfsr-s elCi saqarTveloSi a. Seinmani, romelmac am Tanamdebobaze s. kirovi Secvala, aRniSnavda: “saqarTvelos uWirs, magram qveynis SigniT ar arseboben Zalebi, romelTac SeeZloT misi mTavrobis damxoba”. amis miuxedavad, kremli mxolod sababs eZebda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg omis dasawyebad. ruseTi saqarTvelos mTavrobas brals sdebda 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebis darRvevaSi. ruseTis oficialuri saxelmwifo organoebi avrcelebdnen xmebs imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTveloSi Tavs iyridnen Zalebi, romlebic safrTxes uqmnidnen ruseTs da sxva sabWoTa respublikebs; vrceldeboda xmebi imis Sesaxebac, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba axSobda muSebisa da glexebis brZolas sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis; TiTqos, ajanyebuli mSromelebi iTxovdnen sabWoTa ruseTisgan daxmarebas da a. S. erTi sityviT, yvelaferi keTdeboda imisaTvis, raTa saqarTveloSi wiTeli armiis Semoyvana gare samyaros aReqva, rogorc saqarTvelos ajanyebuli mSromelebis winaSe wiTeli armiis mier internacionaluri movaleobis moxda (16. 287-289; 26. 82; 47. 195, 197; 48. 398). sabWoTa ruseTis xelmZRvanelebma azerbaijanSi ganlagebuli me-11 wiTeli armiis ufross, general anatoli gekers daavales, Seedgina moxsenebiTi baraTi saqarTvelos SesaZlo dapyrobis Sesaxeb. 1920 wlis 18 dekembers man kavkasiis frontis revoluciur samxedro sabWos warudgina saqarTvelos ZaldatanebiTi gasabWoebis (dapyrobis) detaluri gegma. gekeris TqmiT, “saqarTveloze Tavdasxma da Tbilisze Seteva unda moxdes mxolod da mxolod kargi momzadebis Semdeg, raTa saswrafod movuTavoT xeli Tbilisis xalxs” (33. 67-68; 47. 195-197; 48. 399; 103. 115; 111. 228). 1921 wlis 26 ianvars (faqtobrivad, antantis saxelmwifoebis mier saqarTvelos de-iured cnobis paralelurad _ g. s.) ruseTis komunisturi partiis (bolSevikebis) centraluri komitetis plenumma specialurad imsjela saqarTvelos sakiTxze da miiRo piradad leninis mier dawerili Semdegi dadgenileba: “1) daevalos sagareo saqmeTa saxalxo komisariats gaaWianuros urTierTobis gawyveta saqarTvelosTan. amasTan, sistematurad Sekribos zusti masala mis mier xelSekrulebis darRvevis Sesaxeb da ufro daJinebiT moiTxovos somxeTSi sursaT-sanovagis gatareba; 2) SevekiTxoT kavkasiis fronts, ramdenad momzadebuli arian Cveni arsebuli samxedro Zalebi saqarTvelosTan dauyovneblivi an moaxloebuli omisaTvis. am sakiTxis Camoyalibeba, amasTan, imis aRniSvna, rom saqarTvelo saSinlad gaTavxedda, daevalos komisias, romlis SemadgenlobaSi iqnebian amx. trocki, amx. CiCerini da amx. stalini; 3) mivceT direqtiva respublikis samxedro-revoluciur sabWos da kavkasiis fronts, Tu saWiro iqna, moemzadon saqarTvelosTan omisaTvis” (47. 199-200; 48. 399-400). 1921 wlis 28 ianvars sabWoTa ruseTis erovnebaTa saqmeTa saxalxo komisarma ioseb stalinma rkp (b) centraluri komitetis kavkasiis biuros (kavbiuros) xelmZRvanels _ sergo orjonikiZes moskovidan baqoSi Semdegi Sinaarsis depeSa gaugzavna: “cekam miiRo gadawyvetileba gaswios mosamzadebeli muSaoba im varaudiT, rom, SesaZloa, saWiro Seiqmnes samxedro Careva da saqarTvelos okupacia. gadawyda, agreTve, SekiTxva gaegzavnos kavkasiis fronts Cveni samxedro Zalebis mdgomareobaze, imaze, Tu ra Zala dagvWirdeba kidev, rom ueWvelad davamarcxoT saqarTvelo, Torem trocki irwmuneba, Tqvens frontze Cven erTob sustni varTo. aucilebelia Cems saxelze gamogzavno cnoba, SegviZlia Tu ara viqonioT sruli gamarjvebis imedi” (48. 401-404; 78. 386-387; 111. 227-228). moskovSi saqarTveloSi SemoWris formalur sababad erTi “ajanyebis” inspirireba mainc aucileblad miiCnies. am mizniT gamoiyenes lores raionSi (borCalos mazra), e. w. ‘neitralur zonaSi”, Seqmnili viTareba. ajanyebis inspirireba kavbiurom i. lazians daavala. man davaleba “pirnaTlad” Seasrula. 1921 wlis 11 Tebervals “ajanyeba” daiwyo borCalos mazraSi mcxovreb rus kolonistTa soflebSi (voroncovka, privolnoe, pokrovskoe da a. S.), rac 11-12 Tebervlis Rames saqarTvelos teritoriaze wiTeli armiis nawilebis SemoWris sababi gaxda. am speqtaklis mTavari gmirebi gadacmuli wiTelarmielebi iyvnen. moulodneli Tavdasxmis gamo, iq ganlagebuli qarTuli nawilebi damarcxdnen da maT ukan daixies (16. 288-289; 26. 82-85; 47. 200, 205-206; 48. 408; 111. 233). saqarTvelos mxridan 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebis xelmomweris, cnobili politikuri moRvawis _ grigol urataZis TqmiT, “bolSevikebis gulwrfeloba arasdros gvwamda, maT bunebas Cven kargad vicnobdiT, vicodiT, rom maTi ndoba ar SeiZleboda, magram Tu ase cinikurad daarRvevdnen xelSekrulebas da isic ise mokle xanSi _ amis dajereba ki Zneli iyo” (121. 88). 1921 wlis 14 Tebervals leninma rkp (b) centraluri komitetis saxeliT me-11 armiis revoluciur samxedro sabWos gaugzavna Semdegi Sinaarsis depeSa: “ceka mzadaa neba darTos me-11 armias, aqtiurad daexmaros ajanyebas saqarTveloSi da daikavos Tbilisi, saerTaSoriso normebis dacviT (SeuZlebelia moiyvano Tavxedobis da uzneobis amaze ufro TvalsaCino magaliTi, rodesac moZalade saxelmwifos lideri dasturs iZleva meore, “msxverpli”, suverenuli qveynis dedaqalaqis dasapyrobad “saerTaSoriso normebis dacviT” _ g. s.). 1921 wlis 15 Tebervals i. stalini s. orjonikiZes acnobebda: “exlave Seutie, dasturia, aiRe qalaqi” (26. 83; 47. 201-202; 48. 404-405; 78. 387-388). 15 Tebervals ruseTma axali fronti gaxsna. azerbaijanidan sazRvrebi gadmolaxa me-11 armiam, romelic kavaleriis ori diviziiT iyo gaZlierebuli. saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi SemoWra ganxorcielda darialis xeobiT, mamisonis uReltexiliT, Savi zRvis sanapiroze soWis mimarTulebiT. saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Caebnen me-8, me-9 da me-13 armiebi, agreTve, budionisa da Jlobas kavaleriis nawilebi (16. 288-289; 26. 83; 111. 233). politikuri mosazrebiT, sabWoTa ruseTs ar surda saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis winaaRmdeg 1921 wlis 11-12 Tebervlis Rames dawyebuli saomari moqmedebebi ruseT-saqarTvelos omad warmoCeniliyo. am mizniT 1921 wlis 16 Tebervals kremlma asparezze gamoiyvana mis mierve SulaverSi Seqmnili mexuTe kolonis klasikuri nimuSi _ “saqarTvelos revoluciuri komiteti” (“revkomi”), romlis Tavmjdomared moskovSi myofi qarTveli bolSeviki filipe maxaraZe dainiSna. revkomis, romelsac istoriaSi “Sulaveris komitetsac” uwodeben, wevrebi iyvnen m. oraxelaSvili, S. eliava, a. gegeWkori, b. mdivani, b. kvirkvelia, am. nazaretiani da sxv. f. maxaraZe TbilisSi didi dagvianebiT Camovida; rac Seexeba budu mdivans, romelic aseve ar imyofeboda kavkasiaSi, man mxolod daaxloebiT erTi Tvis Semdeg gaigo, rom revkomis SemadgenlobaSi iyo Seyvanili. realurad viTarebas me-11 armiis sardloba da “revkomis” Semqmneli, kavbiuros ucvleli xelmZRvaneli sergo orjonikiZe akontrolebda. saqarTvelos revkomma, viTomda ajanyebuli saqarTvelos mSromelebis saxeliT, 1921 wlis 16 Tebervals daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa sabWoTa ruseTs. am faqtiT moskovi Seecada daefara sabWoTa ruseTis intervencia damoukidebeli qveynis _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis winaaRmdeg. farsi unaklod mainc ver gaTamaSda. saqarTvelos teritoriaze saomari operaciebi ruseTma 1921 wlis 12 Tebervals daiwyo, xolo saqarTvelos revkomis Txovna moskovSi 16 Tebervals gaigzavna, e. i. 12 Tebervlidan 16 Tebervlamde wiTel armias saqarTvelos teritoriaze SemoWris formaluri sababic ki ar hqonda; aRarafers vambobT imaze, rom saqarTvelos revkoms, rogorc aralegitimur organos, araviTari ufleba ar hqonda ucxo qveynis samxedro Zala moewvia qveyanaSi xalxis mier arCeuli kanonieri xelisuflebis dasamxobad (15. 269; 24. 108; 26. 84; 31. 377; 47. 202-203; 48. 406-407; 111. 228-229). wiTel armias saqarTvelo ubrZolvelad ar daukavebia. mas sastik winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mebrZolebi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Tbilisis samxedro skolis aRzrdilebis _ iunkrebis gmiruli brZola kojor-tabaxmelasTan, mowyalebis dis _ maro mayaSvilis Tavdadeba da a. S. mxolod 24 Tebervals, RamiT, gaica brZaneba mcxeTisken ukandaxevisa da Tbilisis ubrZolvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. 25 Tebervals wiTeli armiis nawilebi TbilisSi Sevidnen. baqodan s. orjonikiZem gagzavna Semdegi Sinaarsis depeSa: “moskovi, kremli, lenins, stalins. Tbilisis Tavze frialebs sabWoTa xelisuflebis wiTeli droSa. gaumarjos sabWoTa saqarTvelos!” (26. 84; 31. 377; 47. 203; 111. 230; 120. 13). bolSevikebTan omis msvlelobis dros, qaquca ColoyaSvili general daviT WavWavaZesTan erTad samegreloSi imyofeboda, sadac isini saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam cxenosanTa nawilebis Camosayalibeblad gagzavna. n. nakaSiZe SemdgomSi igonebda: “srulis siaSkariT gamoCnda omisaTvis Cveni sruli moumzadebloba da, gansakuTrebiT, cxenosan nawilebis katastrofuli mcireodenoba. mTavrobam mxolod exla moifSvnita Tvali da Seudga cxenosan nawilebis mowyobas. sardlad cnobili daviT WavWavaZe daniSnes. im Znel pirobebSi mxolod ori eskadronis Sedgena moxerxda. erTi maTganis umfrosad qaquca dainiSna” (125. 612-613). al. sulxaniSvilic miuTiTebs, rom generali daviT WavWavaZe da qaquca ColoyaSvili “Cvenma mTavrobam samegreloSi gagzavna cxenosani nawilebis Camosayalibeblad... iq maT ZlivZlivobiT moeswroT asiode kacis Segroveba cxenebianad” (106. 70, 72). qarTul sajariso nawilebTan erTad ukandaxeuli al. sulxaniSvili samegrelodan Camosul Tavis megobar qaquca ColoyaSvils SemTxveviT sajavaxos sadgurSi Sexvda da hkiTxa, Tu ras apirebda igi momavalSi. qaqucam mas upasuxa, rom jer baTumSi gaemgzavreboda, xolo TbilisSi dabrunebis Semdeg, general kote afxazs Sexvdeboda da masTan erTad samomavlo gegmebs dasaxavda (106. 72). marTlac, sajavaxodan qaquca ColoyaSvili baTumisken gaemarTa, sadac aqtiurad monawileobda aWaris SesanarCuneblad general giorgi mazniaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT warmoebul brZolebSi. swored baTumSi moxda erTi metad saintereso faqti _ qaquca SemTxveviT Sexvda Tavis yofil TanamebrZols, vaxmistrs, tveris dragunTa polkidan, xolo 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis erT-erT yvelaze gamoCenil mxedarTmTavars, zaporoJiel kazaks, wiTeli armiis me-18 sakavalerio diviziis ufross dimitri Jlobas. am moulodneli Sexvedris Sesaxeb, al. sulxaniSvili mogviTxrobs: “Turme, qaquca TviT Jlobas Sexvedria baTumSi. is mas kargad icnobda tverskis polkidan, romelic TuqurmiSaSi idga mefis dros. Jloba vaxmistrad yofila maSin qaqucas aseulSi. mas ise gaxarebia qaqucasTan Sexvedra, rom Cveulebisamebr miuZaxebia: “ox, vaSe siatelstvo!” albaT, im wams daaviwyda, rom droni mefoben da ara mefeni, da axla TiTon brZandeboda didi kaci! yovel SemTxvevaSi, amas hqvia bednieri Sexvedra, radgan amis meoxebiT momxdara, rom Cveni divizia da aTaseuli ar ganuiaraRebiaT. rodesac cxenosani divizia da pirveli cxenosani aTaseuli SeaerTes, Jlobam qaqucas SesTavaza Cveni cxenosani jaris ufrosoba, magram iman ar ikisra. samagierod, misi miTiTebiT, fridon wulukiZe daniSna sardlad, xolo qaquca _ mis TanaSemwed” (34. 11; 35. 11; 10
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II Tavi _ brZola saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenisaTvis (1921 w. marti-1924 w. seqtemberi)
saomari operaciebi saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris 1921 wlis martis meore naxevarSi Sewyda. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam noe Jordanias meTaurobiT emigraciaSi, kerZod, safrangeTSi, wasvlis gadawyvetileba miiRo. mas kapitulacia ar gamoucxadebia; damfuZnebel krebas, rogorc qveynis umaRles sakanonmdeblo organos, Tavisi uflebamosileba ar mouxsnia. mTavrobis da damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebis gamgzavreba saqarTvelodan aucilebeli gaxda, radgan es dampyrobelTan politikuri urTierTobebisagan Tavis aridebis erTaderTi saSualeba iyo. qaquca ColoyaSvili, bevr politikur da samxedro moRvawesTan erTad, saqarTveloSi darCa. maT jer kidev baTumSi yofnis dros hqondaT msjeloba samomavlo moqmedebebis gegmebTan dakavSirebiT. am molaparakebebSi aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomare spiridon kedia, romelic aseve ar wasula emigraciaSi. molaparakebebis Sedegad gadawyda _ qarTvel oficrebsa da jariskacebs unda ganegrZoT sabWoTa jarSi samsaxuri; rogorme unda moexerxebinaT, rom moCvenebiTi erTgulebiT maRali Tanamdebobebi CaegdoT xelSi, raTa saWiro dros qarTuli samxedro Zalebi maT xelSi yofiliyo (114; 115. 318). erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi lideris _ aleqsandre asaTianis TqmiT, qaquca ColoyaSvili “iyo Tavidanve wevri im Taosnobis, romelmac didi erovnuli darazmulobis Seqmna daiwyo ukve sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis pirvelsave TveSi” (129. 326). qaquca ColoyaSvilze, rogorc gamocdil da gulad meomarze, qarTveli samxedro pirebi did imedebs amyarebdnen, swored igi miaCndaT bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg momavali brZolebis meTaurad. zemoTqmulze naTlad metyvelebs n. nakaSiZis Semdegi Sinaarsis mogoneba: “baTumSi Seikriba TiTqmis mTeli qarTveli oficroba. ramdenime maTganma Tavi saTaTbirod moiyares. gadasawyveti iyo, kvlav rogor vimoqmedoT. maT Soris qaqucac iyo. yvela im azrs adga, rom brZola unda gagrZeldes. rodesac sakiTxi dadga, Tu meTauri vin iqneba, yvelam, umcrosma Tu ufrosma, TiTqos SeTqmuliyvnen, erTad Tvali qaqucas miapyres. qaqucas miendo meTauroba-beladoba. yvelas bunebrivad miaCnda, rom momavali brZolebis beladi qaquca unda yofiliyos. SemuSavda gegma da dainiSna yoveli kuTxis meTauri, romelnic mTavar xelmZRvanels _ qaqucas emorCilebodnen. sxdomas daeswro bevri, qaqucazed xniT da samxedro xarisxiT umfrosi, magram yvela xmaamouRebliv mas daemorCila. ai, erTi suraTTagani: samegrelos samxedro meTaurad muSni dadiani dainiSna. gamoTxovebis dros, muSni qaqucas gadaexvia da uTxra: “qaquca, Tavs mouare. ers unda uxelmZRvanelo. mis winaSe movale xar Tavs gaufrTxilde. sadac sikvdilia saWiro, iq Cven dagviZaxe”. damswreTa Soris erTi moxucebuli Renerali iyo. cremlebi ver Seikava, mivida qaqucasTan da pirjvari gadaswera” (125. 613). 1921 wlis martis bolos qarTuli (amjerad ukve wiTeli) cxenosani aTaseuli, sadac qaquca ColoyaSvili msaxurobda, jer TbilisSi dabanakda, xolo Semdeg ekaterinenfeldSi gadaiyvanes (106. 77). TbilisSi yofnis dros, spiridon kedia da qaquca ColoyaSvili gamoCenil qarTvel samxedro moRvawes, didi ilias diswuls, general kote afxazs, edp-s erT-erT liders daviT (daTa) vaCnaZes da ramdenime sxva maRali rangis oficers Sexvdnen, ris Sedegadac samoqmedo gegmam konkretuli saxe miiRo. kote afxazTan, spiridon kediasTan, daviT vaCnaZesTan da sxva mamuliSvilebTan SeTanxmebiT, qaquca ColoyaSvilma urTulesi da umniSvnelovanesi misia ikisra _ mas kaxeTSi sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan mebrZoli partizanuli razmi unda Camoeyalibebina. Tu ratom SeCerda qarTuli politikuri da samxedro elitis yuradReba swored qaquca ColoyaSvilze da ratom SeirCa partizanuli moqmedebebis mTavar asparezad kaxeTis regioni, amis Sesaxeb, spiridon kediasgan miRebuli cnobebis safuZvelze, TvalsaCino qarTveli emigranti moRvawe _ mixeil qavTaraZe miuTiTebs: “qaqucas moqmedebas orgvari mniSvneloba eniWeboda. vidre saerTo ajanyebis samzadisi damTavrdeboda, es razmi mcirericxovani unda darCeniliyo. mis arsebobas unda gaemagrebina xalxSi imedi da, amave dros, moZalade xelisuflebasac unda Sekvecoda kadniereba _ rom Tavi dausjelad ar egrZnoT. rom arCevani swored qaqucaze SeCerda, amas Tavisi logikuri safuZveli hqonda. aseTi razmis bude swored kaxeTi unda yofiliyo. jer misi geografiuli mdebareobis gamo. kaxeTi tfilissac akravs, saqarTvelos mTianeTs _ TuS-fSav-xevsureTsac da daRistansac. mxolod kaxeTidan SeiZleba erTsadaimave dros moqmedeba darialisa da darubandis Casaketad. kaxeTi is provinciaa, romelsac ajanyebaTa yvelaze didi tradicia aqvs. xSiri tyeebi da dovlaTiani mxare meomar-patriotulad ganwyobil mosaxleobiT, agreTve, saukeTeso pirobebia partizanul razmisaTvis Tavis Sesanaxad. maSasadame, razmis ufrosic kaxeli unda yofiliyo. marto es pirobebi ar kmaroda. razmis ufrosi oficeric unda yofiliyo, radgan partizanul moqmedebaTa garda, SemdegSi gazrdil razms wminda samxedro saomari amocanebic daekisreboda. amasTanave, es oficeri xalxTan daaxlovebuli kacic unda yofiliyo da ara Tavis kastaSi Caketili xalxisagan mowyvetili inteligenti Stabis oficeri... aq motanili cnobebi spiridon kedias naambobis Sinaarsis mexsierebaSi SemorCenili gadmocema aris, magram, ai, sityvasityviT gadmocemuli misi Tqma qaqucas Sesaxeb: rogorc tye warmoSobs xes, magram xeebi qmnian tyes, ise qaquca warmoSva im gmirulma epoqam, romelic Cvens damarcxebas mohyva, magram am epoqis Semqmnelic ariso. da kidev erTi maSin naTqvami fraza: qarTveli kacis yurisaTvis qaqucas ColoyaSvilobac kmaroda _ legendas ukve gvari hqmnidao” (114; 115. 319). qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da kote afxazis Sexvedris, agreTve, qaqucas xelmZRvanelobiT partizanuli moZraobis dawyebis ganzraxvis faqts al. sulxaniSvilic adasturebs. ekaterinenfeldSi yofnis dros (am periodSi es ukanasknelic qarTul cxenosan aTaseulSi msaxurobda _ g. s.), qaqucam mas saidumlod gaumxila, rom TbilisSi “ramdenjerme Sexvda general kote afxazs... Cvens mxedrobas partizanuli brZolebis wamowyeba hqonia gadawyvetili da am saqmis saTaveSi Cadgomas TviTon mas avalebdnen. amisaTvis, rogorc man miTxra, jer patara jgufs unda moeyara Tavi metad saidumlo viTarebaSi, raTa razmis Sesaqmnelad daewyoT mzadeba” (106. 77). general kote afxazis iniciativiT, kaxeTSi qaquca ColoyaSvilisTvis partizanuli razmis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi xelis Sewyoba aseve am kuTxis mkvidrs, polkovnik daviT (daTa) vaCnaZes daevala. ajanyebis momzadebis saqmeSi mas mniSvnelovani roli ekisreboda. qarTuli emigraciis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli severian WiraqaZe daviT vaCnaZis gardacvalebis gamo gamoqveynebul gamosaTxovar statiaSi werda: “saerTo ajanyebis mizniT daarsebul samxedro organizacias saTaveSi edga kote afxazi. misi davalebiT daviT vaCnaZe saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi qmnida samxedro organizaciebis qsels” (50. 44; 137. 155). 1921 wlis zafxulSi, daTa vaCnaZis iniciativiT TbilisSi, mis binaSi (izmailovis quCa # 34), moewyo qaquca ColoyaSvilis saidumlo Sexvedrebi general aleqsandre andronikaSvilTan, polkovnikebTan: rostom musxeliSvilTan, giorgi TuxarelTan, nestor gardafxaZesTan, mosestro dadeSqelianTan da sxv. m. laSqaraSvili aRniSnuli Sexvedrebis TariRad 1922 wlis gazafxuls asaxelebs (38. 130-131; 39. 176-177; 64. 13). garkveul dromde aucilebeli iyo, rom qaquca ColoyaSvilis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb mxolod Zalze cota adamians scodnoda. is Cveulebrivad ganagrZobda samsaxurs qarTul cxenosan aTaseulSi. ekaterinenfeldSi jariskacebisa da cxenebis gamokveba Zalian gaWirda. qaqucam amiT isargebla da rusebs SesTavaza: “vinaidan aqac ase Wirs sakvebis sakiTxi, kaxeTSi gadasvlis ufleba mogveciT; iq ufro gagviadvildeba cxenebis gamokvebac da xalxisacao”. misi Txovna daakmayofiles da aTaseuli jer TelavSi gaamweses, xolo iqidan yvarelSi gadaiyvanes. (106. 77-78). yvarelSi dabanakebulma qaquca ColoyaSvilma, aleqsandre sulxaniSvilma da maTma ramdenime Tanamoazrem 1921 wlis ivnisidan “organizaciebis vrceli qselis mosawyobad” kaxeTis soflebSi siaruli daiwyes. maTi saqmianoba sabWoTa xelisuflebas mxedvelobidan ar gamoparvia. erTxel, yvarelSi Casulma gogi ximSiaSvilma al. sulxaniSvils saidumlod uTxra: “me vici, rom Tqven ar moisvenebT; guli migrZnobs, rom raRacisTvis emzadebiT. gTxov, qaqucasac uTxra, rom jerjerobiT araferi moaxdinoT. yvela Tqvens mdgomareobaSi varT, magram jerxnobiT ki arafris dro ar aris; amisaTvis gansakuTrebuli momzadebaa saWiro. qaqucas gaufrTxildiT, eg gamosadegi kacia, xolo wiTlebi almacerad ucqerian” (106. 77-82). 1921 wlis agvistoSi qarTuli cxenosani aTaseuli TbilisSi gadaiyvanes. oficerTa umetesobam “maSinve dastova aTaseuli. TviT qaquca kaxeTSi gaemgzavra” (al. sulxaniSvili). aqedan moyolebuli, qaquca ColoyaSvilis saqmianobam partizanuli razmis Sesaqmnelad kidev ufro intensiuri xasiaTi miiRo. am saqmeSi mas mxarSi edga qarTl-kaxeTis mwarmoebel kooperativTa kavSiri „warmokavSiri“ ivane (vano) ciciSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT. aRniSnuli organizacia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis wlebSic funqcionirebda. daviT vaCnaZis TqmiT, “axali komunisturi mmarTveloba almacerad uyurebda am organizacias, magram pirvel xanebSi angariSs uwevda mis gavlenas soflis mwarmoebel kooperatiul wreebze da xels ar uSlida mis muSaobas... mWidrod gadawnuli qarTul sofelTan, „warmokavSiri“ cocxali gamoZaxili iyo soflis xalxis suliskveTebisa da axal reJimisadmi ukmayofilebis zrdasTan erTad „warmokavSiri“ male gadaiqca farul dasayrdnob burjad bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg yvela aqtiur qarTul erovnul Zalebisa aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi... 1921 wlis svaneTis da 1922 wlis xevsureTis ajanyebaTa finansuri Semzadeba „warmokavSirs“ da mis wreebs ekuTvnoda” (39. 176-177). Tbilisidan kaxeTSi gamgzavrebis win qaquca ColoyaSvili Sexvda Tavis megobars _ daviT vaCnaZes, ris Sesaxebac es ukanaskneli mogviTxrobs: „daTa, xval mivemgzavrebi kaxeTSi muSaobis dasawyebaT. aba, Seni da vanos (ivane ciciSvili _ g. s.) imedi maqvs, Tu rogor SemiwyobT xels aqedan. jer movivli TianeT-Telavis mxareebs. alaverdobis dRes, agreTve, Sevxvdebi mTis piriqiTa xalxebis warmomadgenlebs da movrigdebi maTTanac. merme amisa gacnobebT Cems ambavs. Tu dagWirdebi, momikiTxe am droisaTvis alaverdSi _ miTxra mariamobis dasawyisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma. _ miiRe fuli „warmokavSiridan“? _ miviRe. vano ciciSvilma erTi milioni maneTi gadmomca. am xanad samyofia. _ erTi kviris Semdeg, mec wamoval da davbinavdebi „sarTvlod“ Cems sofel bakurcixeSi. siRnaRis mazraSi bevri Tanamoazre gvyavs. Cven saqmeSi gamodgebian. _ giorgi winamZRvriSvilTan rogora xar? _ mkiTxa qaqucam. _ CinebulaT. _ energiuli, sasargeblo kacia. mis meRvineTa „kavSirTakavSiris“ sazogadoebas bevri xalxi abadia... TviTonac gavlena aqvs kaxeTSi. saWiroa giorgis TanamSromlobac _ miTxra ColoyaSvilma. meore dRes qaquca gahqra Tbilisidan...“ (39. 177-178). ramdenime dReSi daTa vaCnaZe kaxeTSi „warmokavSiris“ sruluflebian warmomadgenlad dainiSna da mSobliur sofel bakurcixeSi matarebliT gaemgzavra. gzaSi masTan erTad erTi moxucebuli Calaubneli glexi mgzavrobda. “ra gaigo Cemi vinaoba, Cumad damekiTxa: _ batono, xalxi ambobs, rom viRac „qaquca“ gaCenila, romelsac Tavze xeli auRia da Seuficavs, rom muxTal bolSevikebs aqedan gaferTxavs. marTalia es? _ mec momikravs yuri am ambisaTvis, magram danamdvilebiT ki ar vici... ar gagigiaT, sadauria eg kaci? _ frTxilad vkiTxe Cems mosaubre glexs. _ amboben, xevsuriao, ColoyaanT gvarisao... kai vaJkaci da meomario. netamc marTali iyos, rom erTi aseTi beladi gagviCndes, Torem am bolSevikebis simyraleSi xom suli amogverTva batono _ meubneboda oxvriTa qarTveli sofleli. _ fiqrobT, rom Cveni xalxi gahyveba aseT belads brZolaSi? _ mTis qarTveloba mTlad aiSleba. baridanac zogi mxare moexmareba. Tu gadamTielnic mxars miscemen, cud ambavs damarTaven bolSevikebs _ mipasuxa man. _ gveSveleba viTom amiT? _ Tu „kacni varT da qudi gvxurams“, am angariSs ki ar unda gamovudgeT batono. Zvelidan CvenSi naTqvamia _ „sjobs murtalsa cxovrebas sikvdili vaJkacurio“. mters unda gavagebinoT, rom qarTvelebi kravebi ki ara varT” (39. 178-179). kaxeTSi Casvlis Semdeg, daviT vaCnaZem TelavSi, bakurcixeSi da ramdenime sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi “warmokavSiris” sameurneo iaraRis sawyobebi gaxsna, romlebic, misi cnobiT, sinamdvileSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis “sapartizano moqmedebis bazebs” warmoadgenda (39. 178-179). “SeficulTa” razmis erT-erTi wevri m. laSqaraSvili Tavis mogonebebSi aRniSnavs: „samxedro centrs“ (aq m. laSqaraSvili cdeba. “samxedro centri” 1922 wels Seiqmna _ g. s.) mudam ori kaci yavda daniSnuli qaqucasa da maT Soris kavSirisaTvis. eseni iyvnen giorgi winamZRvriSvili _ meurne da daTa vaCnaZe _ samxedro piri. am pirebis saSualebiT qaquca Rebulobda cnobebs daxmarebasTan erTad. yovel am moqmedebas erovnul-demokratiuli partia ganagebda... eseni fulsa da saWiro nivTebs Soulobdnen mwarmoebel kooperativTa kavSiris wevrebisagan, „mwyemsis“ amxanagobidan, agreTve, mexileTa da meRvineTa kavSirebisagan da, gansakuTrebiT ki, maTi centraluri dawesebulebebidan“ (64. 13). 1921 wlis seqtemberSi qaquca ramdenjerme Sexvda sofel kisisxevSi ojaxTan erTad dasasveneblad myof spiridon kedias, ris Sesaxebac Zalze saintereso informaciaa daculi misi meuRlis _ sofio CijavaZis mogonebebSi: “agvistodan sofel kisisxevSi spiridoni CvenTan erTad isvenebda, da, ai, aq seqtemberSi CemTvis sruliad moulodnelad spiridonTan movida qaquca _ mas Tan favleniSvili axlda. spiridons qaqucas mosvla ar gahkvirvebia _ TiTqos moelodao. mcire sauzmisa da gaseirnebis Semdeg, wavidnen maxloblad sofel kondolSi mcxovreb avalo avaliSvilTan. es avaliSvili qaqucas sidedris Zma iyo. wasvlisas spiridonma gamafrTxila, rom im RamiT iq darCeboda. Turme, iq sxva pirebTanac hqonia Sexvedra... daaxlovebiT ori kviris Semdeg, qaquca meored movida spiridonTan da wasvlisas cxenze mjdomma spiridons amosZaxa: or-sam dReSi geaxlebiTo. aq ukve Cemi gaoceba veRar davZlie da vkiTxe spiridons, Tu ra saerTo hqonda am dardimand ymawvilTan, an sad midioda, rom pirobac ki misca, or-sam dReSi movbrundebio. tfilisSi, rasakvirvelia _ mokled mipasuxa spiridonma. _ Tu magan dudukebs Seaberina, elode magis or-sam dReSi mosvlasa, _ vuTxari. _ sona, Sen ar icnob qaqucas, es ymawvili Zalian sando, gamosadegi da kargi qarTveliao. marTlac, daniSnul vadaze qaqucam isev favleniSvilis TanxlebiT Cvens ezoSi cxeni SemoaWena _ gaocebuli davrCi” (34. 11; 114; 115. 320). daviT vaCnaZis mogonebebSi gvxvdeba uZvirfasesi cnobebi 1921 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi mis mier qaquca ColoyaSvilTan erTad kaxeTSi mowyobili saidumlo Sexvedrebis Sesaxeb, maT Soris, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia alaverdobis dResaswaulze gamarTuli Sekreba qiziySi, sofel qvemo maCxaanSi mcxovrebi vaso TamazaSvilis saxlSi, im vaso TamazaSvilis, romelic SemdgomSi “SeficulTa” razmis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili da aqtiuri wevri gaxda. daTa vaCnaZe igonebs, rom erT dRes mas bakurcixeSi qiziyelebi estumrnen: „ezoSi Semovida sami axalgazrda kaci, kargad gawyobil CoxebSi da koxtad waxurulni patara nabdis qudebiT. _ batono daviT, qiziyi boboqrobs. veRar itans bolSevikebis simurtles... xalxi ambobs _ an unda gavwydeT an da es oxeri axali batonebi Tavidan moviciloTo. Telavidan xma movida, rom b. qaquca ColoyaSvili xalxs agrovebs da razmebs awyobso. gTxovT, batono daviT, acnoboT ColoyaSvils, rom aqeTkenac mogvxedos. erT kai magar razms Cven, qiziyelebi, SevadgenT _ momiTxrobda axal ambebs da mTxovda qiziyelebis axalgazrda beladi vaso TamazaSvili. _ keTili da patiosani, ymawvilebo... Cems megobar qaqucas vacnobeb Tqvens ambavs da Txovnasac, magram vici, rom am xanad mouclelia da Tu SesZlebs aqeTken wamosvlas _ es alaverdobis Semdeg. manamde ki, vaso, metad frTxil samzadiss SeudeqiT. bakurcixidan mogaSvelebT qaqucas naTesavs axalgazrda oficers kote ColoyaSvils. kargi oficeria da mamaci ymawvilic. qaqucasTan erTad enkenisTvis bolos TqvenTan gavCndebi... alaverdobis mesame dRes, diliT, Cems saxls win sami moxdenili cxenosani gaCerda: qaquca ColoyaSvili ori mxlebliT. _ daTa, Segewios alaverdis wm. giorgis madlma! rogorc ki miviRe Seni baraTi, SuaRamisas gaSlil sufras da mraval stumars gavepare da am or ymawviliT gamovqandi Sensken. mTeli Rame viareT. axla Sens gankargulebaSi var _ miTxra qaqucam da gamacno Tavisi axalgazrda Tanamgzavrebi. erTi maTgani iyo Salva favleniSvili, meore _ sergo maisuraZe. _ Zvirfaso qaquca, raki alaverdis uxv sufras gaepare, albaT, nametnavaT damSeuli iqnebiT. Tumca dRes ar gelodebodiT, magram Cveni adaTiT Zvirfas stumrebisTvis sufra mudam mzad aris. amave wesiT saqmeebis garigebac sufris garSemo xdeba... xom yabuli xar? _ yabuli var da rogor?! „Rvinos davlev, wyals ara, Sen gakoceb, sxvas ara!“ daimRera qaqucam _ aba, Sen ici, daTa, Tu ra Rvinos dagvalevineb! naxevar saaTis Semdeg, ukve sufris garSemo visxediT. qaqucas gavacani Cveni mxareTa ambebi da mizezic, Tu ratom vTxove saCqarod gamosvla: _ Tbilisidan miviRe cnoba, rom Cveni politikur xalxis bedi bewvze hkidia. raxan bolSevikebi Zlierdebian kavkasiaSi da saqarTveloSi veRar ineleben TavisuflaT mosiarule mowinaaRmdege qarTvelobas, SesaZlebelia, rom erT mSvenier dRes ucbaT yvelas gvikran Tavi cixeSi. amasTanave, Cveni mxarec Zalian Relavs. siRnaRis mazraSi Seni saxelic, rogorc maTi mxsnelis, gadadis piridan pirSi. metadre Tavisuflebis moyvare da bolSevikebiT awiokebul qiziySi. maT warmomadgenels vaso TamazaSvils davpirdi, rom erTad vestumrebiT sofel qvemo maCxaanSi, sadac is dagvxvdeba rCeul qiziyelebiT saTaTbiroT. Seni mosvlis gasaadvileblaT da dasakanoneblaT bolSevikebis meTvalyureobis pirobebSi, aq, bakurcixeSi, movawye “warmokavSiris” ganyofileba _ sawyobi rkineulobiT da savenaxo sxvadasxva saWiro iaraRiT kaxeTSi wasaRebaT. waiRe am sawyobis nawili saqoneli Telavis mazraSi da iqac gaxseni aseTi ganyofilebis sawyobi. fulis mogebidan naxevari “warmokavSirisa” iqneba, naxevari darCeba Sens gankargulebaSi... ras fiqrob am Cems winadadebaze? _ Zalian mosawonia, Cemo daTa. es didad momexmareba Cems saqmeSi. saRsaris mxrivac da bolSevikebis eWvebis gasafantavaT Cemi xSiri mogzaurobis gamo sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. axla vetyvi: vvaWrob, morCa da gaTavda! madlobeli var aseTi Sefardebul daxmarebisaTvis. am cota xanSi me TviTon Camoval furgoniT da gadavzidam TelavSi, rasac momcem _ mipasuxa gaxarebulma qaqucam. _ qvemo maCxaanSi rodisRa wavideT? _ xvalve. _ axla, Cemo qaquca, radgan Cveni mxarec bolSevikebis mojaSuSe kacebiT gavsilia, saWiroa, rom Sen maT eCveno Zvel moqeifeT, Camosuli bakurcixeSi dros gasatareblad. sxvaTa Soris, xval ukanaskneli dRea Cveni soflis gomarTis wm. giorgis eklesiis dReobisa. dilidan inaxule aqauri Seni naTesav-nacnobi ojaxebi, merme adi gomarTSi, eCvene xalxs da saRamos Seni mSvenier oqros feris raSze gahkari qvemo maCxaanisken... me da kote ColoyaSvilic iq dagxvdebiT, vaso TamazaSvilis saxlSi. _ batoni brZandebi! qeifi da cxenosnoba Cemi mudmivi Tanamgzavrni arian. miT ufro, roca unda viomoT... gavimarjvoT an davixocneT! sixaruliT orive xeliT veWidebi Sens grZel da sasiamovno gegmas _ siciliT miTvlida pirmSo qarTveli raindi ColoyaSvili. gaTenebisas vafrine qvemo maCxaanSi bakurcixis diakvani vaso TamazaSvilTan Cveni mosvlis ambavis Sesatyobineblad. mtris TvalTa asaxvevad qaqucasTan erTad vewvieT ramodenime mezobel ojaxs da movyeviT qeifs, magram oriveni vcdilobdiT, rac SeiZleba naklebi Rvino gvesva, da erT vaCnaZis ojaxis maspinZelTan morigebiT cariel yanwebs viyudebdiT... male Cumad me da axalgazrda kote ColoyaSvili gavepareT sufridan, SevaxtiT damzadebul cxenebs da gavqusleT qiziyisaken. cota xnis Semdeg, patara koxta saxlis win dagvxvda nasiamovnebi misi patroni TamazaSvili. gaiara cota xanma da ezoSi SemoiWra ori raindi cxenosani qaquca ColoyaSvili Tavis erTgul Salva favleniSvilTan. vaso TamazaSvilis binaze Tavi moiyara 15 qiziyelma _ siRnaRidan, bodbedan, maCxaanidan, manavidan, anagidan da sxva adgilebidan. yvelani didis yuradRebiT acqerdebodnen qaqucas. _ kai vaJkacia, gaitans lelos. _ Tu gind ver gagvirekos rusebi, mainc kai yazaxia! _ momesma gverdidan ori xnieri qiziyelis xmani. stumarTmoyvare SeZlebul TamazaSvilis uxvad da lamazad morTul sufras garSemo ujda ocamde stumari. TamadaT q. ColoyaSvili dainiSna. _ Zvirfasno qiziyelno, TamazaSvilTa saxlSi mivesalmebi Tqvens qveyanas da keTil xalxs. RmerTma wilad dagvado kvlav mtrisagan wvaleba, tanjva da masTan Sebma. Cven, qristian xalxis, es Zveli wil-xvedria... movmagrdebiT da welSi gavswordebiT, davagrovebT dovlaTsa da, ager, mteric gviCndeba! Tavs esxmis Cvens samSoblos, fexqveS Telavs Cvens mSvidobian cxovrebas, itacebs qarTvelTa sarCo-sabadebels... ase mudam yofila... magram SedarebiT warsul Zvel ambebTana is, rac moevlina dRes saqarTvelos bolSevikebis saxiT, marTlac, rom Semzaravia. adamianTa cxovrebis Zirianad gadayiraveba! misi ojaxuri weswyobilebisa, uaryofa rjulisa, sakuTrebisa... ese igi, meoce ganaTlebul saukuneSi qarTvelebis nadirad gadaqcevisa! da saqarTvelos monadire bolSevikebisaTvis sanadiro tyeT gadaqcevisa... ara! RvTismSoblis saufliswulo Zveli iveria da misi gmiri xalxi ar gaipirutyveben Tavsa! Tu odesme Tavis ganwirva samSoblosaTvis didaT fasobda, am xanad aseT verag da gamanadgurebel mterTan brZolebisaTvis _ igi daufasebelia. arasdros Cveni Zveli mowodeba: „qarTvelo, xeli xmals ikar, mteri gadgia karzeda“, ise ar iyo magari da drouli, rogorc dResa. qiziyelebo! saqarTvelos ganTqmulno vaJkacno da meomrebo, vici, arca Tqven CamouvardebiT dRes danarCen qarTvelobas im brZolaSi, romelsac alaverdis wm. giorgis da bodbis wm. ninos mfarvelobiTa viwyebT. movfinoT mTa-bari qarTvel meomarTa razmebiT da, roca dro momwifdeba, erTad davkraT sazarel mtersa! RmerTma qarTvelebs es misi wminda saqme moagebinos. alaverdi SenTan iliav! _ sTqva qaqucam da gadauloca yanwi mis gverdSi mjdar xnier qiziyels. _ amin! _ moisma sufris yvela mxridan damswreTa xmebi. _ vityvi, Cemo batono qaquca... iaxSiol! RmerTma dagilocos gamarjvebis gza da Seni winaparsaviT gagviZex win. mteri Zalovani da flidia. Sina gvrevs, Zmas Zmaze amxedrebs, mere garedan rkals gvartyams... magram ra vqnaT? xma ar amoviRoT? maTi urjulobisa, simruSis, xalxis gaveranebis naTesis nayofis amosvlas velodoT? es xom gviani iqneba! unda Tavidanve SevebrZoloT. brZolaSi davmarcxdebiT dRes? ra vuyoT. Zala aRmarTsa xnavs _ naTqvamia... magram mters saqarTvelo mainc aRmarTad daurCeba da ara daRmarTad Cagorebuli! xval am brZolis droSiT sxva Taoba gamova, Cven sisxlian kvals mihyveba da aseTi brZoliTa, bolosdabolos, am Cven gamsres lods daRmarTisaken Caaqanebs. mxoloT nu avCqardebiT. moviqceT dinjaT, davalagoT mwyobraT Cveni Zalebi. sadac saWiroa, xerxi mivaSveloT, sadac ara sjobs Sebma _ droebiT gavecaloT da mcire qarTvelebis Zalebi davzogoT, magram iaraRi ki ar davyaroT da es anderZi Cven STamomavlobasac gadavceT. exla Cven aq vimyofebiT wm. ninos bodbes savanis ZirSi... Segvewios yvelas misi madli da SevevedroT, rom Cven Zvirfas axalgazrda belads qaquca ColoyaSvils wminda vazis jvariT win gauZRves da gamarjvebisaken gza gaukafos! _ sTqva fexze mdgomma aRelvebulma moxucebulma iliam da daukra Tavi ColoyaSvils. am sityva-pasuxze yvela aiSala sufridan da saTiTaod midiodnen qaqucasTan da mis winare sclidnen patara jamebs wiTeli RviniTa...” (39. 180-185). mTeli is Rame gatarda qiziyelebTan sxvadasxva samoqmedo sakiTxebis gamorkveva-molaparakebaSi. gaTenebisas qaqucam gadaswyvita pirdapir TelavSi wasvla. _ daTa, erT kviraSi movbrundebi dapirebul saqonlis wasaRebad _ miTxra cxenze mjdomare qaqucam. _ geli _ vupasuxe me... oqtombris dasawyisSi, Rame, daketil alayafis karebTan momesma maRali SemoZaxili. kacma gauRo kari. Cems ezoSi Semogrialda oTxcxeniani didi furguni. kofodan gadmoxta malaknur yviTel tyavSi da aseTsave fafaxSi _ “malakani” qaquca ColoyaSvili! _ daTajan, adre diliTve unda ukan mivbrunde. amitom, saCqarod unda davtvirTo furgoni Sen mocemul saqonliTa, rom ar davigviano. gzaT melian kacebi. aravin unda gaigos Cemi aq Camosvla. ukve gavarda xma. mixvdnen, rom raRacas vatrialebT. riJraJzed Cemi kacis sandros moxmarebiT samivem mardaT davtvirTeT, ukve cxenebSebmuli furgoni. _ maS ase, qaquca... Seni gamosvla Seufarde Tbilisidan mocemul niSans. Tu Cven yvelas dagviWeren, maSin xom es iqneba SenTvis bunebrivad niSani. mebrZol qarTvelTa qveyana upatrono ar unda darCes. gadavexvieT erTmaneTs. qaquca axta furgonis kofoze. oTxma Zalovanma cxenma gaagriala mZime furgoni Telavisaken”. 1921-1922 wlebis zamTari qaquca ColoyaSvilma, ZiriTadad, kaxeTSi, partizanuli razmis Seqmnis samzadisSi gaatara. 1925 wels Sedgenil sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi _ “saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb” _ CarTulia braldebul vaxtang nacvliSvilis Cveneba: “1922 wlis ianvarSi CemTan (siRnaRis mazraSi) moulodnelad movida cxeniT qaquca ColoyaSvili. man gamixmo calke oTaxSi da miTxra, rom qarTveli xalxis centrma airCia is bolSevikebis batonobasTan sabrZolvelad da rom amisTvis man unda Sehqmnas partizanuli razmi, romelic mosvenebas ar miscems aRmaskomebs, milicias da, saerTod, mTel administracias, da amasTan erTad mTxova daxmareba. me vkiTxe, Tu saxeldobr visgan Sesdgeboda centri, magram amaze mipasuxa, rom es did saidumloebas Seadgens, ris Tqmac mas ar SeuZlia, magram centrs kavSiri aqvs moRvaweebTan evropaSi, romelTaganac gamomdinareobs yovelive Cveneba da brZanebao” (10. 54-55). amave sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi daculia “saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis” wevris, erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi lideris _ iason javaxiSvilis Cveneba, romelic cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom qaquca ColoyaSvilis tyeSi gasvla partiis centraluri komitetis nebarTvis gareSe, edp-s ramdenime xelmZRvanelis waqezebiT moxda: “ColoyaSvili Cveni partiis wevria da tyeSi gasvlamde kavSiri hqonda Cveni cekas wevrTan daviT vaCnaZesTan, da ukanasknelis xelmZRvanelobiT muSaobda kaxeTSi, rogorc organizatori. rodesac ColoyaSvilma gaigo, rom xelisufleba mas sdevnis da misi dapatimreba unda, is da misi ramdenime maxlobeli piri SeiaraRden da tyeSi gaviden”. sabralmdeblo daskvnis avtori iason javaxiSvilis Cvenebas Semdeg komentars ukeTebs: “saqmeSi CarTuli cnobebis mixedviT, swored sawinaaRmdego mtkicdeba. nac.-dem. partiis cekas uaxloesma TanamSromelma da SemdegSi politikurma xelmZRvanelma ColoyaSvilis bandasTan simon yifianma (igive geleniZe) aCvena: “vaCnaZesTan, javaxiSvilTan da winamZRvarovTan laparakidan vici, rom ColoyaSvilis bandis Seqmna kaxeTSi 1922 wlis martSi moxda maTi dasturiT da rom am bandis SeqmnaSi yvelaze did monawileobas vaCnaZe iRebda... jer kidev bandaSi wasvlamde, 1921/1922 wlis zamTarSi, me xSirad minaxavs ColoyaSvili “warmokavSirSi” daviT vaCnaZesTan. maT laparakSi maSin me monawileoba ar mimiRia, magram TviTon daTa vaCnaZe meubneboda, ColoyaSvili xalxs agrovebs SeiaraRebuli gamosvlisTviso” (10. 54-55). valiko CubiniZe Tavis mogonebebSi miuTiTebs, rom 1922 wlis 4 marts is TbilisSi Sexvda qaquca ColoyaSvils, romelsac ukve “Ceka” dasdevda. v. CubiniZis TqmiT, qaqucam mas uTxra: “valikojan! ai, me mivdivar TelavSi, viTom samsaxurSi da Tu Sevatyve, SeiZleba gavide mTaSi. momeci Seni mudmivi misamarTi. Cemi yofnis adgili yovelTvis ecodineba Salva qarumiZes da masTan geqnes kavSirio” (133. 195-196). unda aRiniSnos, rom Seficulebi _ al. sulxaniSvili da al. baduraSvili eWvis TvaliT uyureben v. CubiniZis mogonebebSi dacul cnobebs qaquca ColoyaSvilTan misi urTierTobis Sesaxeb da isini gamogonil faqtebad miaCniaT. al. sulxaniSvili dawvrilebiT aRwers 1922 wlis 12 marts qaqucas tyeSi gasvlis ambavs, romlis mixedviTac am ukanasknels TebervalSi siRnaRis mazris erT-erT sofelSi “Sexla-Semoxla mouxda xelisuflebasTan da amis gamo satusaRoSi amohyo Tavi. es moxda swored im dros, rodesac siRnaRis revkomSi Cekas saidumlo brZaneba hqondaT miRebuli imis Taobaze, rom Tuki iq sadme qaquca ColoyaSvili gamoCndeboda, unda daetusaRebinaT da dauyovnebliv gadmoegzavnaT TbilisSi. sabednierod, iqaur revkomSi mdivnad msaxurobda Cveni aTaseulis erTi yofili oficeri, kapitani daTa gomelauri. CekaSi miRebuli brZaneba man saswrafod gadamala da myisve Seatyobina qaqucas megobrebs misi datusaRebis ambavi. imave Rames revkoms Tavs eqvsi kaci daesxa. maT iaraRi ahyares milicionerebs, kai gvarianadac mistyepes da qaquca gaaTavisufles. am Svideulma Telavis mazrisken gaswia imave RamiT. ar gauvlia or-sam dRes, rom isini alvanis Tavis tyeebSi dabanakdnen. iq qaqucasTan erTad iyvnen: mixa baliaSvili, vaso TamazaSvili, soso losaberiZe, miSa nacvliSvili, s[tepko] CiTinaSvili da qiziyeli biWi qaruma, romlis gvaric aRar maxsovs (maZRaraSvili _ g. s.)” (106. 85). zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, Tuki al. sulxaniSvilis cnoba marTalia da qaquca ColoyaSvili 1922 wlis TebervalSi daapatimres, ris Semdegac megobrebma gaaTavisufles da or-sam dReSi, 12 marts, tyeSi gavida, rogor Sexvdeboda igi v. CubiniZes 1922 wlis 4 marts TbilisSi? amgvari tipis SekiTxvebi, rogorc qvemoTac vnaxavT, v. CubiniZis sxva cnobebTan dakavSirebiTac Cndeba. ase iyo Tu ise, erTi ram cxadia _ 1922 wlis 12 marts qaquca ColoyaSvili eqvs TanamebrZolTan erTad tyeSi gavida, rac rus okupantebTan omis gamocxadebas niSnavda. SemdgomSi “SeficulTa” razmis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli, qaqucas TanaSemwe elizbar vaCnaZe, romelic razms cota mogvianebiT SeuerTda, Tavis mogonebebSi qaqucasTan erTad, Tavdapirvelad, tyeSi gasulTa sxva raodenobas miuTiTebs. misi TqmiT, “gavigeT, rom qaquca Tormeti kaciT ukve tyeSi gasula _ Tormet marts, ocdaor wels” (42; 115. 294). elizbar vaCnaZis mier emigraciaSi miwodebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, Tavdapirvelad tyeSi gasulTa imave cifrs uTiTebs generali Salva maRlakeliZec: ”patara razmi iyo da, amitom, SemouRiaT sityva “Seficuli”... mTavari Seficulia elizbar vaCnaZe _ praporSiki, mgelia, qaqucas moadgilea... am Seficulebis patara razmma daiwyo moqmedeba. sul iyo cameti. elizbarisgan vici... Cemi kargi megobari iyo” (74. 72-74). aRniSnul periodSi saqarTvelo uaRresad savalalo mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. bolSevikuri ruseTis saokupacio reJimis damyarebis Semdeg, pirvel xanebSi, politikuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, moskovi Seecada SeeniRba ara marto ruseTis intervencia saqarTveloSi, aramed TviT saokupacio reJimic. sabWoTa ruseTis politikurma xelmZRvanelobam gadawyvita saqarTvelo uSualod ar SeeerTebina ruseTisaTvis, igi formalurad unda darCeniliyo damoukidebel, suverenul qveynad. xelisuflebis umaRlesi organos funqcia moskovis nebiT mieniWa saqarTvelos revoluciur komitets//revkoms (Tavmjdomare _ filipe maxaraZe). sabWoTa ruseTma sabWoTa saqarTvelos damoukidebloba cno 1921 wlis 21 maisis xelSekrulebiT. saqarTvelos revkomi formalurad damoukidebeli qveynis xelisuflebis umaRles organos warmoadgenda, faqtobrivad ki igi sabWoTa ruseTis saokupacio xelisuflebas ganasaxierebda. saqarTvelos kompartia ruseTis komunisturi partiis ganuyofeli nawili iyo da misi saolqo partiuli organizaciis uflebebiT sargeblobda. saqarTvelos mTavroba da kompartia verc maSin da verc SemdgomSi damoukideblad ver wyvetda sakiTxebs da mTlianad moskovze iyo damokidebuli. realur Zalauflebas saqarTveloSi flobda ruseTis komunisturi partiis (bolSevikebis) centraluri komitetis kavkasiis biuro sergo orjonikiZis xelmZRvanelobiT (24. 108-109; 46. 3; 49. 6; 111. 238, 246; 124. 104-105). Zalian male, ukve 1921 wlis gazafxulze naTlad gamoCnda, rom saqarTvelo mTlianad moskovidan imarTeboda. saqmis warmoeba saqarTvelos yvela saxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi rusul enaze gadavida. TviT saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis (Cekas) yofili Tavmjdomare kote cincaZe SemdgomSi aRniSnavda: “saxalxo komisariatebSi mTeli saqmis warmoeba da adgilebTan urTierToba rusul enaze iyo”; “baTumis sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgilem amx. xruckim ganacxada: axla iseTi kursia aRebuli, rom sagangebo komisiidan yvela qarTveli SeiZleba daiTxovoo”; “Tbilisis bevr dawesebulebaSi rusuli ena SemoaqvT, rkinigzaze rusuli ena SemoiRes” (46. 13-14; 142. 137). sabWoTa ruseTis mier dapyrobil saqarTveloSi damyarebul sastik reJims naTlad asaxavs cnobili qarTvelo politikuri moRvawis _ vlasa mgelaZis mogonebebis Semdegi monakveTi: 1921 wels “ruseTidan SemoWrili damSeuli jarebi saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi dabanakda, kerZo binebze da ojaxebSi moTavsda. mraval saukuneobiT mowyobili ojaxebi ganadgurda, siwminde da zneoba Seiryvna... yovelgvari avejeuloba da ojaxis samkaulebi avtomobilebiT Tbilisis sadgurze dRian-Ramianad gaqondnen, vagonebSi agrovebdnen, ruseTSi gzavnidnen. oTaxebidan gamoqondaT roialebi, romelTac Tvalcremliani dedebi kuTxeSi mikunWulebi SeSinebuli gascqerodnen. jari Seesia samxedro sawyobebs, iqidan farajebi, fexsacmelebi gamoitanes, TavianT dafleTil farajebs, daglejil fexsacmelebs quCaSi xalxis win ixdidnen, iqve yridnen, axliT imosebodnen. ojaxebSi moTavsebuli jariskacebi SeSis magier buxrebs magidebiT, kamod-yuTebiT anTebdnen, evgeni gegeWkoris bina aeoxrebinaT _ burJuaziul, kontrrevolucioneri ministris ariso. zog binaze kedlebidan suraTebi CamoeRoT, CuqurTmiani xis movarayebuli CarCoebi daewvaT, xolo noe Jordanias suraTi CarCodan amoeRoT, maRla Werze lursmniT mieWedaT, kargi wveriani, kargi saxis, “diadi” ariso, iyoso, _ CarCo ki daewvaT. naZaladevis muSebs xelisuflebam winadadeba misca, sololakSi burJuaziis binaze gadasaxldiTo, mara arc erTi ojaxi amaze ar daTanxmda... saavadmyofodan da kerZo samkurnalodan gaqondaT yovelgvari xelsawyoebi _ saqirurgo danebi, wamlebi, TeTreuli da daRonebuli eqimebis win uwesrigod yridnen sabargo avtomobilebSi, Tfilisis sadgurze miaqrolebdnen da ruseTSi gzavnidnen. Tfilisis mdidar saafTiaqo saxelmwifo sawyobebidan miqondaT yuTebSi Cawyobili wamlebi, yovelgvari aparatebi, saeqimo xelsawyoebi, skipidari, spirti, bamba, marla, qinaqina... qinaqinas Tu sxva wamleulis gadamalvisaTvis iWerdnen da CekaSi amwyvdevdnen. Cveni Rirseuli mweral-moRvaweni dRian-Ramiana muzeum- wignsacavebs da universitets icavdnen, Rirseuli samRvdeloeba margalitebiT Semkul xatebs yaraulobdnen, rom istoriuli, erovnuli Zeglebi _ Zvirfasi ganZi Semoseul barbarosebisagan gadaerCinaT... gaZarcves da ruseTSi gazides Tfilisis samxedro arsenali, rkinigzis saxelosno, misi saucxovo saxarato dazgebi, sagangebo matareblebi, orTqmavlebi da sabargo vagonebi... ar gadarCa gauqurdavi arc erTi qarxana... yovelgvari sanovage, xileuloba, yveli, Tevzeuloba, saufliswulo mamulebis ganTqmuli sardafebi da kaxuri Rvino boWkebiT, boTlebiT gazides, Tbilisis sadgurze gaitanes, ramdenime aseul vagonebSi Caawyves, dabeWdes, zed daaweres: “Tbilisis proletariatisagan ruseTis proletariats da mis belads lenins saCuqraT” (76. 11-12). saqarTvelos mosaxleoba okupantebis mimarT mtrulad iyo ganwyobili. represiebis dasawyebad raime sababi iyo saWiro da isic gamoiZebna _ xelisuflebam 1921 wlis 25 aprils quTaisSi provokacia moawyo, yumbara esroles revkomis wevrs aleqsi (saSa) gegeWkors. amas mohyva represiebi politikuri mowinaaRmdegeebis winaaRmdeg. mTel qveyanaSi daiwyo masobrivi dapatimrebebi. yvela qalaqis cixeebi politikuri patimrebiT aivso (101. 34; 111. 251; 133. 230). 1921 wlis maisSi daapatimres saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis is wevrebi, romlebic martSi emigraciaSi ar wavidnen _ mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgile grigol lorTqifaniZe, samxedro ministri parmen WiWinaZe, Tbilisis general-gubernatori Salva maRlakeliZe da sxv. 1921 wlis zafxulSi moskovidan TbilisSi Camovida ioseb stalini, romelmac naZaladevSi, plexanovis saxelobis klubSi, Tbiliseli muSebis winaSe sajaro moxseneba waikiTxa. muSebma mosmeniT ki mousmines stalins, magram mTeli darbazi ganwyobili iyo mis winaaRmdeg. aRniSnuli Sexvedra did diskusiad, diskusia ki saokupacio reJimis winaaRmdeg muSaTa saprotesto manifestaciad gadaiqca. sabWoTa reJimi amxiles saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli partiis liderebma _ isidore ramiSvilma, aleqsandre dgebuaZem da sxv. (51. 71-72; 59. 125; 79. 4; 124. 102; 133. 230). naZaladevis klubidan stalini pirdapir saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis Senobisaken gaemarTa, sadac man revkomis wevrebs mimarTa: “dedlebo, es rasa hgavs, sada sCans aq bolSevikuri xeli? aq saWiroa rkinis cxeli uTo. man mTel saqarTvelozed unda gaiaros, rom Zirian-fesvianad mospos arsebuli suli. ai, ra aris aq saWiro, Tqven ki maT eferebiT” (102. 4). muSaTa aRniSnul politikur aqcias masobrivi dapatimrebebi mohyva. imave Rames Cekistebma asze meti cnobili social-demokrati daapatimres da metexis sapyrobileSi Casves. pirvel rigSi, daiWires is. ramiSvili, al. dgebuaZe da saqarTveloSi social-demokratiuli moZraobis erT-erTi damaarsebeli, ukve xandazmuli silibistro jiblaZe. “aleqsandre dgebuaZe ... daiWires, radgan stalinis moxsenebaze naZaladevSi ilaparaka da gaakritika stalini. amave codvisaTvis daiWires isidore ramiSvilic da arc erTi merme aRar gauSviaT” (valiko CubiniZe) (133. 185-186). 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis me-11 armiis sajariso SenaerTebi didi xniT darCnen saqarTveloSi _ amas saqarTvelos komunisturi xelmZRvanelobisagan, pirvel rigSi, sergo orjonikiZisagan moiTxovda vladimer lenini: “sruliad SeuZlebelia meTerTmete armiis dabruneba damSeul da gaZarcvul azerbaijanSi. miiReT uaRresad energiuli zomebi, raTa es armia datovebul iqnes saqarTveloSi (31. 379). damSeulma rusma jariskacebma udidesi problemebi Seuqmnes qarTvel glexobas, daviT vaCnaZis TqmiT, “bolSeviki saldaTebi Seesivnen soflebs da dauwyes Zarcva-gleja SeZlebul glexebs” (41. 75-76). swored me-11 wiTeli armiis okupantma jariskacebma Caidines is sazareli masobrivi mkvleloba, romelsac maSinve saukunis tragedia uwodes. 1921 wlis dekemberSi, RamiT, isini gaZarcvis mizniT Tavs daesxnen siRnaRis mazris sofel jugaanSi mcxovrebi glexis _ titiko elaSvilis mravalricxovan ojaxs, romelic 28 sulisagan Sedgeboda. gaZarcvis Semdeg, wiTelarmielebma im dros saxlSi myofi elaSvilebis ojaxis 17 wevri mxecurad mokles: “saxlis orive sarTulis oTaxebSi sisxlis gubeebi idga da iatakze uwesrigod iyo miyril-moyrili tyviiT dacxriluli da xmlebiT aCexili qalebis, kacebis da bavSvebis usulo gvamebi, romelTa saerTo raodenoba Cvidmets Seadgenda” (44. 15; 133. 232). 1921 weli saqarTvelosTvis kidev erTi tragikuli movleniT aRiniSna _ internacionalistma qarTvelma komunistebma qarTuli miwebi guluxvad dauriges yvela uSualo mezobels: ruseTs, somxeTs, azerbaijansa da TurqeTs. konkretulad: ruseTs ergo gagris olqis dasavleTi nawili (q. soWiTurT), vidre mdinare fsoumde (23. 115; 111. 245-246). 1921 wlis 7 ivliss rkp (b) centraluri komitetis kavbiurom ioseb stalinis monawileobiT ganixila saqarTvelosa da somxeTis Sida sazRvrebis sakiTxi. kavbiuros sxdomas eswrebodnen, agreTve, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis sabWoTa respublikebis sagareo saqmeTa saxalxo komisrebi aleqsandre svaniZe da a. mraviani. kavbiurom daadgina, rom lores yofili neitraluri zona (borCalos mazris samxreTi nawili) SeuerTdes somxeTis ssr respublikas. 1921 wlis 6 noembers budu mdivnisa da aleqsandre miasnikovis (miasnikianis) mier xelmoweril iqna dokumenti, romlis mixedviT dadginda saqarTvelosa da somxeTis ssr saxelmwifo sazRvari. aRniSnuli teritoria 3812 kv. kilometrs moicavda (23. 114-115; 31. 380; 46. 23-26; 72. 18; 111. 245-246; 116. 291; 124. 104-105). iason javaxiSvili mis winaaRmdeg gamarTul sasamarTlo procesze 1925 wlis 31 ivliss acxadebda: “ar dastoves usaCuqrod somxebic. ruseTma, romlis farglebSi Sevida gasabWoebuli somxeTi, icno saqarTvelos kuTvnilebaT mTeli yofili Tfilisis gubernia 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT. saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg ki misces somxebs TiTqmis mTeli borCalos mazra TviT xramamde. ratom? lore istoriulad Cven gvekuTvnoda, bunebrivad Cven sazRvrebSi Semodis ekonomikuradac... marTalia, somxebi sWarboben im kuTxeSi qarTvelebs ricxviT, magram es umravlesoba xelovnuradaa Seqmnili rusebis mier. da Semdeg, Tuki wminda qarTuli soflebi SeiZleba Sevidnen oseTSi, rad unda iyos dauSvebeli somxuri soflebis datoveba saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi? da bolos, budu mdivanma moskovSi oficialurad ganacxada: “ise movawere xeli somxeT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebazed teritoriis Sesaxeb, rom arc ki wamikiTxavso” (22. 47). azerbaijans gadaeca zaqaTalas olqi (istoriuli hereTis mniSvnelovani nawili _ saingilo), agreTve, garejis veli daviT garejis ramdenime samonastro savaniTurT (berTubani, udabno da sxv.) da qvemo yaraiazis seqtori, sul 3564 kv. kilometri teritoria (16. 291; 23. 114-115; 31. 380; 72. 18; 111. 245-246; 124. 104-105). movitanT kidev erT nawyvets iason javaxiSvilis mier sasamarTlo procesze warmoTqmuli sityvidan: “azerbaijans CvenTan araferi sadavo ara hqonda, unda gagvenawilebina mxolod zaqaTala... Zalad miaCeCes azerbaijans siRnaRis da Tfilisis mazrebis nawilebi da zed daurTes daviT garejis savanec, rac arafriT araa gamarTlebuli” (22. 47). da, bolos, mWidro politikur-ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da sabWoTa ruseTis mier amierkavkasiis saxelmwifoebis dapyrobis dros neitralitetis SenarCunebis gamo yvelaze uxvad dasaCuqrebuli mustafa qemal faSas TurqeTi. 1921 wlis 16 marts (rodesac saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba noe Jordanias meTaurobiT jer kidev baTumSi imyofeboda) moskovSi xelmoweril iqna xelSekruleba ruseTsa da TurqeTs Soris, romlis meore muxliT saqarTvelos CamoerTva da TurqeTs gadaeca yof. baTumis olqis samxreTi nawili (maWaxela, borCxa, makriali), artaanis (ardaganis), arTvinis da olTisis olqebi _ 12115 kv. kilometri teritoria 164 aTasi mosaxliT (16. 291; 22. 47; 23. 115; 28. 3; 37. 91; 72. 18; 82. 92; 111. 230-231, 245-246; 124. 104-105). 1921 wlis 16 martis moskovis xelSekrulebis pirobebi ucvlelad daamtkica imave 1921 wlis 13 oqtombris yarsis xelSekrulebamac, oRond gansxvaveba is iyo, rom amjerad TurqeTma xelSekruleba gaaforma “damoukidebel” saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikasTan. es speqtakli im formiT gaTamaSda, rom msoflio sazogadoebisaTvis undodaT eCvenebinaT, TiTqos, moskovi arafer SuaSi iyo, TviT amierkavkasiis respublikebi TurqeTTan megobruli urTierTobis ganmtkicebis mizniT, eris survilisa da dasturis Sesabamisad awerdnen xels “axal xelSekrulebas”. yarsis xelSekrulebas saqarTvelos mxridan xeli Salva eliavam da mamia oraxelaSvilma moaweres (5. 238; 23. 115; 28. 7; 37. 95; 82. 90-92; 116. 533-546, 627). amrigad, 1921 wels ruseTis “wyalobiT” saqarTvelom dakarga 20000 kv. kilometrze meti teritoria. (16. 291; 31. 380; 72. 18; 111. 245-246). 1922 wlis martSi qarTveli xalxis ajanyebisTvis mosamzadeblad Camoyalibda "samxedro centri" (mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis azriT, general kote afxazis, xolo meore nawilis _ general aleqsandre andronikaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT). "centrma" kaxeTSi partizanuli razmebis meTauroba qaquca ColoyaSvils, xolo qarTlSi _ mixeil laSqaraSvils daavala. amave wlis aprilSi wamyvanma politikurma partiebma “saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komiteti” (”damkomi”//paritetuli//interpartiuli komiteti) Seqmnes. jer kidev “damkomis” daarsebamde, 1922 wlis martSi, TbilisSi gaimarTa saidumlo Sexvedra, romelSic monawileobdnen: gogita faRava, varden wulukiZe, aleqsandre andronikaSvili, giorgi ximSiaSvili da rostom musxeliSvili. isini msjelobdnen, Tu ra viTarebaSi SeiZleboda momxdariyo antisabWoTa ajanyeba saqarTveloSi. Sexvedris monawileebi mividnen Semdeg daskvnebamde: 1) “ajanyeba marto saqarTveloSi damarcxdeba. jer erTi _ saWiroa, rom muSaoba ajanyebis mosamzadeblad swarmoebdes kontaktiT mTel kavkasiasTan, da meore: gamosvlis momenti unda Seufarddes im dros, rodesac rsfsr-Si moxdeba raime Sinagani an sagareo garTuleba. 2) separatuli bandituri gamosvlebi gamosvlis saerTo gegmasTan daukavSireblad unda vicnoT mizanSeuwonlad. 3) samxedro muSaobaSi aucilebelia kavSiri daviWiroT adgilebTan da, umTavresad, saqarTvelos wiTeli armiis nawilebTan” (10. 15). ai, aseTi iyo viTareba saqarTveloSi 1922 wlis martSi, rodesac qaquca ColoyaSvilma partizanuli brZola daiwyo. mart-aprilSi mis razms SeuerTdnen aleqsandre sulxaniSvili, elizbar vaCnaZe, siko ColoyaSvili, sergo maisuraZe, malaqia maisuraZe, Toma baliauri, mito xmalaZe, abika gigauri da sxv. roca qaquca tyeSi gadioda, misma umcrosma Zmam _ sikom sTxova, Tan waeyvana, razec pasuxad miiRo: “ori Zma qorwilSi ar waisvleba erTad da amisTana saqmeze rogor SeiZlebao”. amis miuxedavad, aleqsandre sulxaniSvilTan erTad alvanis tyeebSi dabanakebul razmelebTan siko ColoyaSvilic mivida. rodesac qaqucam Zma dainaxa, odnavi sayvedurnarevi RimiliT uTxra: “Sen mainc ar moisvene da wamoxvedio” (106. 89-90). ramdenime dReSi razmma alvanis Tavis tyeebidan pankisis xeobaSi gadainacvla da sof. duisSi dabanakda. al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, “im mTebSi ramdenime fSaveli ojaxi cxovrobda da aRdgoma dRes maT dagvikles saaRdgomo saklavi. mogvivida Rvinoc da es dResaswauli ise viuqmeT, rogorc wesi da rigia”. im dRes razmelebs stumrebic hyoliaT, maT Soris, xevsuri xevisberi dimitri ciskarauli (mas al. sulxaniSvili Tavis mogonebebSi arazustad _ “WinWaraulad” moixseniebs. mkvlevar ivane liqokelis azriT, man es gangeb, sabWoTa samarTaldamcavi struqturebis Tvalis asaxvevad gaakeTa, raTa dimitri ciskaraulis STamomavlebs dapyrobil saqarTveloSi problemebi ar SeqmnodaT) (67. 38). dimitri ciskarauls qaqucasTvis miumarTavs: "Sena, qaqucao, Sena gxvda wilad Seni winaprebis nabrZoli saqmis gagrZeleba Seni samSoblos sakeTildReod. Sen unda aRadgino aleqsandre batoniSvilis naTeli bilikebi". xevisbers Semdeg razmelebisTvis uTqvams: "Tqven, razmelebo, albaT, gaxsovT, rom aleqsandre batoniSvils Seficulebi hyavda Semokrebili Tavis irgvliv, Tqvenc unda SeificnoT da gerqvaT SeficulTa razmi, romelic samudamod darCeba. Tqven SemogyurebT mTeli saqarTvelo. es patara razmi unda gadaaqcioT qarTul jarad. Tqvenzea damokidebuli Cveni lamazi qveynis sidiade. Cven medgrad unda vebrZoloT ruseTs _ isaa Cveni mTavari mteri". qaquca ColoyaSvilma Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa razmelebsa da stumrebs: "dRes Cveni samSoblo gasaWirSia. ruseTma xelmeored gamogvglija Cveni qveynis damoukidebloba. mravaljer yofila awiokebuli Cveni qveyana, magram iaraRi ar dauyriaT Cvens winaprebs da ar damorCilebian mters. maT brZola ugrZelebiaT. dRes Cven gvxvda wilad, rom pirvelebma daviwyoT brZola da mTel qveynierebas vaCvenoT, rom saqarTvelos Tavisufleba surs Tavis miwa-wyalze da ar daemorCileba araviTar mters. gaumarjos Cveni samSoblos momavals da am Cveni patara razmis miswrafebas". "qaqucas sityvis damTavrebas Seficva mohyva. dimitrim xevsuruli wesiT dagvafica da xevisberuli locva daiwyo... man sakuTari xeliT gamoWra Txilis swori da grZeli wneli, Seaba qarTuli droSa, win gagviZRva droSiT xelSi da gviTxra, aba, axla simRerao da Cvenc yvelam erTxmad davWeqeT" (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 92-93). ase Seiqmna "SeficulTa” razmi. Seficulebi pankisis xeobaSi 1922 wlis martis bolomde darCnen, ris Semdegac isini siRnaRis mazraSi gadavidnen. partizanuli brZolis xasiaTi qaquca ColoyaSvils aiZulebda, TavisTan didi razmi ar hyoloda. igi adgils moulodnelad icvlida: xan siRnaRis mazraSi iyo, xan Telavis, xan _ TianeTis da sxv. am dros razmSi ukve daaxloebiT oci kaci iricxeboda. aprilSi qaqucam siRnaRis mazridan axmetis maxloblad mdebare tyeebSi gadainacvla, sadac mis razms CekistebTan pirveli Setakeba mouxda. erT-erTi razmelis _ daTiko fareuliZis nasrolma tyviam mtris meTauri mokla, ramac bolSevikebSi arev-dareva gamoiwvia da brZola Seficulebis gamarjvebiT damTavrda. Cekistebma am brZolis dros ori razmelis datyveveba mainc moaxerxes. erT-erT maTgans, qiziyel qaruma maZRaraSvils, sastiki wamebis miuxedavad, veraferi aTqmevines da daxvrites, xolo meore _ qisti qerima TavianT sasargeblod samuSaod gadaibires da razmSi sajaSuSod gamogzavnes. Seficulebi male miuxvdnen qerimas avkacobas, risTvisac sakadrisi sasjeli miuzRes _ igi daxvrites (42; 115. 296; 106. 96-97). 1922 wlis aprilSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma kaxeTis mosaxleobas Semdegi Sinaarsis mowodebiT mimarTa: “samSoblos erTgulno! saqarTvelos mtrebis gankiTxvis droa moaxloebuli. maT aamxedres Tavis mowinaaRmdeged mTeli kulturuli kacobrioba. viyoT mxne, mtkice da gabedulni. salami Tqven da gamarjveba saqarTvelos! aprili. 1922 w. kaxeTi. qaquca ColoyaSvili” (30. 18). am periodSi qaqucas “SeficulTa” razmis mTavari mommarageblebi, damfinanseblebi da mekavSireebi TbilisTan, samxedro da politikur wreebTan, kvlav daviT vaCnaZe da giorgi winamZRvriSvili iyvnen, rasac TviTon daTa vaCnaZis mogonebebSi daculi Semdegi sityvebic adasturebs: “aprilSi... farulad g. winamZRvriSvilTan erTad ganvagrZob qaquca ColoyaSvilis razmebisaTvis daxmarebis miwodebas” (38. 130). 1922 wlis aprilSi da maisis dasawyisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis razmi jer winandlisa da kisisxevis midamoebSi, xolo Semdeg _ qodalos tyeebSi binadrobda. e. vaCnaZis cnobiT, “aq adgilobriv xalxs vamzadebdiT da vwvrTnidiT. iqmneboda sameulebi, romelTac Tavis dros xalxi unda gamoeyvana da xelmZRvaneloba gaewia”. am periodSi Seficulebs aleqsandre baduraSvili (“badura”) SemoemataT, romelic razmSi misma mamam, qaqucas megobarma da mekavSirem _ Saqro baduraSvilma piradad miiyvana. aleqsandre baduraSvili SemdgomSi igonebda, rom bednierebisgan fexze Zlivs idga, radgan unda ebrZola im qaqucas gverdiT, “visi saxelic qveyanas pirze ekera” (11. 2-3; 42; 106. 98-99; 115. 296). qodalos Semdeg, Seficulebi qolaqisa da bakurcixis maxloblad mdebare tyeSi dabanakdnen. am xnis ganmavlobaSi razms bolSevikebTan Setakeba ar mosvlia. aqedan qiziyisken gadainacvles. gzaSi SemTxveviT milicielebs gadaawydnen, romlebsac mxolod iaraRi ahyares da gauSves, radgan upartioebi iyvnen. amis mere xelisuflebam gaigo “SeficulTa” razmis qiziySi yofna da devna dauwyo. “Cven winaaRmdeg samoqmedoT daaxloebiT asi kaci iyo Sekrebili: siRnaRis mazris milicia, qvemo da zemo maCxaanis raionis milicia da kidev komsomolebi” (al. baduraSvili); komunistebma “sagangebo, TiTqmis samoc kaciani, razmi Seadgines milicielebisa da partiulebisagan da dagviwyes devna” (al. sulxaniSvili) (11. 3; 42; 106. 102; 115. 297). elizbar vaCnaZis TqmiT, maTi razmi dedofliswyaros (wiTelwyaros) maxloblad, yaraRaCis tyeebSi, Tamaris cixesTan dabinavda, saidanac “igzavnebodnen Sikrikebi organizaciebTan TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi”. qaqucasTan mosalaparakeblad erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi lideri Salva amirejibi Camovida. mas Tan qaqucas TanaSemwe Salva favleniSvili axlda, romelsac jer kidev SeeZlo legalurad muSaoba. “is ori dRe darCa CvenTan, xolo mere ki qaqucam gagzavna davalebebiT” (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 101). yaraRaCSi Seficulebs ilarion (iliko) iaSvili da lado ozaneli Seematnen. “SeficulTa” razmis siRnaRis mazraSi yofnis periodze Tavis mogonebebSi cnobebi moepoveba im dros qiziySi myof mixeil laSqaraSvils: “ColoyaSvili Tavisi razmiT pirvelad gamoCnda dedofliswyaros... raionSi, Siraqis maxloblad. es iyo daaxloebiT maisis pirvel ricxvebSi... qiziyis glexoba am moZraobas gafacicebiT adevnebda Tvalyurs. partizanebis gamoCenam xalxis yvela fenebSi, ganurCevlad wodebisa, gaaRviva suli da guli erovnuli moZraobisa. glexebi ColoyaSvils Zvel tradiciulad ixseniebdnen: „Tavadi ColoyaSvili amzadebs razmebs da Cveni qveyana unda moamzados am unifxos Svilebis saqarTvelodan gasarekaTo“. TviT glexoba Cem Tvalwin legendarul ambebs sTxzavda. brZolis xalisiT gatacebulni, moxuci Tu axalgazrda, velisaken gasaWrelad emzadeboda da aSkarad laparakobdnen: „ColoyaSvilis razmi imdenad gazrdila, rom dReSi ramdenime saklavi Zroxa saWiroebs maTi sazrdoebisTviso“ (63. 13). saxalxo mTqmelebi ukve leqsebs Txzavdnen qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da misi Seficulebis Sesaxeb: “davarda saqarTveloSi ambavi gasvla gmirisa, romelic dResac imarjvebs razmi ColoyaSvilisa, xan aq gasTelavs, xan iqa, mterTa mimcemi Wirisa” (54. 47). ivane liqokeli Tavis naSromSi “xevsurebi da qaquca”, xevsureTis 1922 wlis ajanyebis monawilis, 96 wlis berdixa wiklauris zepir mogonebebze dayrdnobiT, miuTiTebs, rom 1922 wlis maisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma 12 TanamebrZolis TanxlebiT piradad imogzaura xevsureTSi, Sexvda iqaur Tavkacebs: gogoTur WinWarauls, mgelika liqokels da sxv. masTan mividnen da erTguleba Sehfices daTvia liqokelma, apareka arabulma, berdixa wiklaurma da sxv. qaqucam “gaigo xalxis saerTo ganwyobileba, SeiaraRebis mdgomareoba, moxibla didi da patara Tavisi uzado vaJkacobiT, sibrZniT da TavdaWerilobiT”, xevsurebTan erTad dasaxa momavali moqmedebis gegma. qaqucam xevsurebs “misca zogierTi davaleba, dauTqva Semdgomi Sexvedris dro da erTi kviris Semdeg barSi dabrunda” (67. 73). aRsaniSnavia, rom cnoba 1922 wlis maisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis xevsureTSi yofnis Sesaxeb, dResdReobiT cnobil arcerT sxva wyaroSi (aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis, aleqsandre baduraSvilis, elizbar vaCnaZis, aleqsandre kargareTelis, elizbar mayaSvilis, mixeil laSqaraSvilis mogonebebSi da sxv.) moipoveba. amdenad, Znelia dabejiTebiT vamtkicoT, rom es faqti, marTlac, 1922 wlis maisSi moxda. 1922 wlis maisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma edp-s centraluri komitetis wevrebs vrceli werili gaugzavna, romliTac atyobinebda, “kaxeTsa da mTiuleTSi bolSevikTa wesebiT xalxi imdenaTaa aRSfoTebuli, rom advili SesaZlebelia am mxareSi ajanyebam ucabedaT sadme ifeTqos da mec CamiTrios Tavis brZolis talRebSio” (40. 206). aRniSnul cnobas Tanxvdeba erT-erTi Seficulis _ e. mayaSvilis mogonebebSi daculi informaciac, romlis mixedviTac, rusi okupantebis sastiki batonobiT Tavgabezrebuli qarTveli mosaxleobis nawili, gansakuTrebiT, xevsurebi, qaquca ColoyaSvils aCqarebdnen da ajanyebis saswrafod dawyebas sTxovdnen (75. 20). igives aRniSnavs Tavis mogonebebSi solomon zaldastaniSvilic: “1922 wlis zafxulSi xalxSi ukmayofileba gaZlierda. aqa-iq patara gamosvlebic moxda. zogi provinciebi saerTo gamosvlis dawyebas Txoulobdnen. qaqucas, romelic gasuli iyo Tavisi razmiT tyeSi da “samxedro centridan” gankargulebas eloda, xevsurebi Zalas atandnen da Txoulobdnen rusebTan brZola daewyo. isini qaqucas uTvlidnen: “rusebis simxeces veRar vitanT, wabilwes soflebi, daangries ojaxebi. gagviZex da mters SevutioT!”-o (43. 12). 1922 wlis ivnisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis razms “TuqurmiSsa da maCxaans Soris” mdebare uzundaris xevSi pirveli didi Setakeba mouxda bolSevikebis cxenosan razmTan, romelSic Seficulebma gaimarjves. arcerTi Seficuli daRupula, mxolod 17 wlis vano vaCnaZe daiWra. TviTon mokles 17 Cekisti, 11 daatyveves, sxvebi gaiqcnen. tyveebidan oTxi daxvrites, danarCenebi gaaTavisufles (42; 115. 297). uzundaris brZolas misi monawile al. baduraSvili ase aRwers: “brZolis win beladma razmi gaanawila. or-ori, sam-sami kaci Cagvsxa gzis piras tyeSi da gviTxra, rodesac Cem xmas da Cemi Tofis gavardnas gaigonebT, maSin daiwyeT srolao. CavsafrdiT da davuwyeT lodini. didxans mogvixda cda, SuadRe motanebuliyo, roca cxenebis fexis xma mesma. Cven gulisfancqaliT velodiT da ganabulebi vucdidiT beladis brZanebas. cxenosanTa laparaki garkveviT gvesmoda. erTi ambobda, neta maT Semaxvedra da naxon, ra dRes davayrio. ucbad beladma Sesazari xmiT daiZaxa: dahyareT iaraRio da esrola. Cvenc maSinve davcxeT da Tan gzazed gadaveSviT, rom ar gaqceuliyvnen. zogi ukve usulod egdo, zogi mZimed daWrili kvdeboda, zogi mCated iyo daWrili” (11. 3-4). al. sulxaniSvilis TqmiT, qaqucam im tyveebs, romelTa daxvretac mizanSewonili ar iyo, “damrigeblur-ganmartebiTi saubari Cautara: “Cven rusebs vebrZviT. qarTvel xalxs Tu komunizmi surs, Cven ar davuSliT, oRond rusis jari gaiyvanon. saqarTvelo damoukidebeli unda iqnes; amitom, nu SexvalT miliciasa da partiaSi. ai, xom xedavT, dRes Cven, qarTvelebi, erTmaneTsa vxocavT. risTvis? nuTu imisTvis, rom rusebis interesebi davicvaT?” (106. 106). siRnaRis mazraSi 1922 wlis ivnisSi momxdari brZolis Sesaxeb, informacia daculia “Cekas” mier dapatimrebuli erovnul-demokratiuli partiis wevris _ svimon yifianis mier 1923/1924 wels micemul CvenebaSic: “ColoyaSvils... mouxda Setakeba siRnaRis samazro miliciasTan. am SetakebaSi moklul iqna samazro miliciis ufrosi da aT kacamde milicioneri da komunisti tyved iqna wayvanili. upartioebi gaaTavisufles, komunistebi ki daxvrites” (10. 55). CekistebTan momxdari Setakebis Semdeg, am etapze qiziySi darCena aRar SeiZleboda da qaqucam razmi Telavisken waiyvana. dabanakdnen Calaubnis tyeSi. gzad, daWrili vano vaCnaZe erT-erT ojaxSi samkurnalod datoves. samwuxarod, 17 wlis vanom gaufrTxilebloba gamoiCina, ris gamoc Cekistebma igi daapatimres, saSinlad awames da “SeficulTa” razmis adgilsamyofeli aTqmevines, amis Semdeg ki daxvrites. “Cven davinaxeT, rogor artyamda jari tyes alyas. qaqucam maRlobisaken dagvxia. man umjobesad CaTvala, mtrisTvis ar gvesrola _ amas soflebis aoxreba mohyvebao; umjobesia, mters TvalTagan gavecaloTo” (e. vaCnaZe) (42; 115. 297). amis Semdeg Seficulebi erTi kvira kopalos tyeSi iyvnen, mere tye-tye mukuzanis TavSi gadavidnen. e. vaCnaZis cnobiT, “aq yofnis dros qaquca Sexvda Tavis meuRles, romelic sagangebod iyo Camosuli, ra Tqma unda, malulad” (42; 115. 298). amasTan dakavSirebiT, ufro vrceli da saintereso informacia moepoveba al. sulxaniSvils: “rodesac qaquca partizanul brZolaSi midioda, Tan waiRo ufrosi Svilis jvari, vinaidan Tavisi dakargvoda. Cveni partizanebad gasvlis xuTi Tu eqvsi Tvis Semdeg, me da qaquca erT maxlobel ojaxSi mivediT. iq dagvxvda misi meuRle ufros SvilTan (TamarTan _ g. s.) erTad, romelic xuTi-eqvsi wlisa Tu iqneboda maSin. im xanebSi qaqucas ukve grZeli wverebi hqonda. amis gamo iucxova bavSvma Tavis sakuTari mama. is CemTan modioda, mexveoda, mkocnida, xolo RviZl mamas ar ekareboda. bolos, qaqucam uTxra: “modi CemTan, Svilo, me xom mamaSeni var”-o, razec bavSvma upasuxa: “maS, aba, miCvene Cemi jvari”-o. uCvena Tu ara jvari, bavSvi kiserze Semoeqna Tavis mamas” (106. 278-279). al. baduraSvili igonebs, rom 1922 wlis ivnisSi “SeficulTa” razmis wevrebi winandlis Tavis tyeSi, TeTraanis eklesiasTan, dabinavdnen, sadac isini sursaTiT mamamisma Saqro baduraSvilma moamaraga. winandlis tyeSi Seficulebi erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi darCnen. “iq sanovage amoitana baduras mamam. samoci wlis moxucma cxendacxen mTebi gadmoiara CvenTan mosasvlelad _ ufro gvian igi daxvrites” (al. sulxaniSvili). Saqro baduraSvilma qaquca ColoyaSvils winandalSi arsebuli viTareba Seatyobina, Tu rogor awiokebdnen adgilobriv mosaxleobas winandlis Cekas ufrosi kirakozovi, partkomis mdivani dagondariZe, miliciis ufrosi meguTniSvili da kidev erTi, romlis gvaric “baduras” aRar axsovda. qaqucam mavnebeli komunistebis Sesapyrobad elizbar vaCnaZis xelmZRvanelobiT sagangebo jgufi Seqmna, romelSic Sediodnen: aleqsandre baduraSvili, Salva kandelaki, lelo Ciqovani da sxv. kirakozovi da “Zmani misni” winandlis TeatrSi gamarTuli warmodgenis dros daatyveves da tyeSi qaqucas mihgvares. am ukanasknelma tyveebs savele sasamarTlo Cautara, bralad warudgina maTi danaSaulebi, ris Semdegac oTxiveni daxvrites (11. 6; 42; 115. 299). aRniSnuli faqtis Sesaxeb, patimrobaSi myofi svimon yifiani 1923/1924 wels micemul CvenebaSi miuTiTebda: “ColoyaSvilis momxreebma sof. winandalSi iTxoves CamoSoreba zogierTi komunistisa, romlebic xels uSlidnen maT partiuli muSaobis gatarebas. erTxel, warmodgenis gaTavebis Semdeg, winandalSi gaCnda ColoyaSvilis banda, romelmac siiT gaiwvia 5-6 komunisti, gaiyvana tyeSi da daxvrita” (10. 55). al. baduraSvilisa da al. sulxaniSvilis mogonebebSi daculia cnobebi 1922 wlis zafxulSi, qaqucas davalebiT, winandlis, qvemo xodaSnis da kisisxevis komisris, vinme ZuliaSvilis (al. baduraSvilis mixedviT; buliaSvilis _ al. sulxaniSvilis mixedviT) mokvlis Sesaxeb, romelmac “dedabudianad aaforiaqa am raionebis mosaxleoba... buliaSvils da imis TanaSemwes xalxis TandaswrebiT gamohqondaT eklesiebidan xatebi, saeklesio wignebi, mRvdlis samoseli da maT Tvalwin swvavdnen am wminda nivTebs” (al. sulxaniSvili). amis Semdeg, aTeistma komisarma gadawyvita, Tavisi xeliT Camoegdo jvari xodaSnis eklesiis gumbaTidan da iqadneboda, ai, naxavT, araferi momivao. man daniSnul dRes am “RirsSesaniSnavi” movlenis sacqerlad uamrav adamians ZaliT mouyara Tavi. ZuliaSvili eklesiis saxuravze acocda, jvars miuaxlovda, da “roca Tavisi danaqadis asruleba daiwyo, ori tyviiT gaxvretili TavdaRma gadmoeSva gumbaTis simaRlidan. xalxs Zalian gauxarda da ambobdnen, ai, RmerTma rogor dasajao”. RvTismgmobi komisris damsjelebi mezoblad mdebare saxlis sxvenSi Casafrebuli “saSa” da “baduri” iyvnen (11. 6; 106. 114-115). winandlidan qaquca ColoyaSvilma civ-gomboris mimarTulebiT wasvla gadawyvita. man axali banakidan sami razmeli: lado ozaneli, mito xmalaZe da irakli bakuraZe mecxvareebTan sursaTis saTxovnelad gagzavna. gzaSi isini did nislSi moyvnen da tyidan gamosulebi sruliad moulodnelad Cekistebs waawydnen. Setakebis dros mito xmalaZe da irakli bakuraZe daiRupnen, xolo lado ozanelma gaqceva moaxerxa (11. 6). komunistebi mixvdnen, rom “SeficulTa” razmi sadRac Zalian axlos imyofeboda da Zebna gaaZlieres. qaquca kvlav iZulebuli gaxda, TavSesafrad axali adgili moeZebna, romelic wina banakidan cota moSorebiT mdebareobda. aq moxda saocari faqti, romelsac wlebis Semdeg, elizbar vaCnaZe ase ixsenebda: “daRamda..., razmi dasaZineblad milagda. aT saaTze qaqucam gaiRviZa da gankarguleba momca: xalxi gaaRviZe, aqedan unda gadavinacvloTo. vTxove _ xalxi daRlilia, amaRam ra mogviva, ganTiadze wavideT-meTqi. ganTiadamde ara, magram Tormet saaTamde davrCeT, raki ase mTxovo. naxevari saaTiRa iyo gasuli, rom axla kategoriulad mibrZana _ dauyovnebliv ahyare xalxio. asec moviqeciT da oriode kilometris daSorebiT davbanakdiT. diliT razmelebma cecxli aanTes da sokos wvas SevudeqiT. meTvalyured mdgom siko ColoyaSvils Tofis xma Semoesma... qaqucam mibrZana, wadi, midamo dazvere, alyaSi xom ara varT, oTxi kacic waiyvaneo. maRlobze rom avediT, nisli gadavida da davinaxe, rom Cvengan mitovebuli adgili orasiode cxenosniT da oTxmocamde fexosniT iyo garSemortymuli. tyviamfrqvevebic hqondaT. beladma wina RamiT adgilis datoveba naxuli sizmrisa gamo gadawyvita. esizmra, rom leCaqiani qali Tavs daadga, mxarzed xeli dahkra da uTxra: saCqarod aqedan wadio. xolo roca man Cemi Txovnis Sedegad, adgilidan ayra gadasdo da kvlav daiZina, igive qali isev moevlina da ufro dabejiTebiT ubrZana, saCqarod gaecale aqaurobasao. amjerad ki qaqucam qals daujera da iqidan agvyara” (42; 115. 300). qaquca ColoyaSvilis Sesaxeb, mamisagan moyolil ambebs, prof. farnaoz lomaSvili SemdgomSi ase igonebda: “Tavad Tianeli kaci gaxlavarT da mamisagan gamigonia... saqarTveloSi roca sabWoTa xelisufleba damyarda, TianeTis miliciisgan qaqucas iaraRi da tyvia-wamali usesxia Tavisi razmisaTvis... valis dabruneba rom dahgvianebia, Sexsenebac gadauwyvetiaT da Suakacad mama SeurCeviaT. papaCemi, vaJas Zmakaci, Zalian avtoritetuli kaci iyo. amitomac ufiqriaT milicielebs, qaquca rom ganrisxdes kidec, giorgi lomaSvilis vaJs arafers dauSavebso. mama 22 wlisa iyo. wavida im sofelSi. raRac dReobas aRniSnavdnen. qaquca Turme cekvavda. imisTana kargi mocekvave mis mere aRaravin minaxavso. cekva rom daumTavrebia, milicielebis danabarebi maSin gadaucia. ColoyaSvili ganrisxebula da uTqvams: biWo, Sen giorgisa ar iyo, ici, ra kargad gagasilaqebdio... amis mere meoredac Sexvedria mama qaqucas. TianeTis centrSi vcxovrobdiT, mama nalbandi iyo da erTxelac Cvens saxls aTiode mxedari moadga _ cxenebi dagvinaleo. erTi kaci, romelic ufrosobda, Tvals aridebda mamas. saxes yabalaxSi malavda. mama cxenebis daWedvas rom morCa, qaqucas mainc ver mouTmenia da wasvlisas gamomSvidobebis niSnad SeuZaxia: xom micani, vinc var, aba, kargad iyavio. 1922 weli iyo. swored maSin aajanya duSeTi ColoyaSvilma” (71. 3). Cekistebi gansakuTrebul sisastikes iCendnen qaquca ColoyaSvilis TanamebrZolebisa da Tanamoazreebis mimarT, odnav eWvmitanilebsac ki iWerdnen da xvretdnen. daaxloebiT 1922 wlis mais-ivnisSi TbilisSi, Ralatis gamo, daapatimres ramdenime kaci, romlebic “SeficulTa” razmSi wasvlas gegmavdnen. eseni iyvnen: arCil vaCnaZe, konstantine (kote) ColoyaSvili, solomon (suslik) andronikaSvili da sxv. (33. 96; 41. 83; 43. 14; 59. 128; 60. 63; 67. 191-192; 124. 106; 133. 196-197, 232; 137. 296). 1922 wlis mais-ivnisSi Tbilisis CekaSi dapatimrebuli niko nakaSiZec imyofeboda, romelic SemdgomSi ixsenebda: “aq Sevxvdi qaqucas im razmelebs, romelnic brZolis dros daWriliyvnen da mters tyved Cavardnodnen. yvela iq myofi saSinlad vitanjebodiT, radgan vicodiT, Tu qaqucas razmelebs ra moelodaT, TviT razmelebi ki sikvdils warbSeuxrelad elodnen. sami kviris Semdeg, yvelani daxvrites da maTTan erTad ramdenime glexic, romelTac abralebdnen qaqucas razmebisaTvis sursaTis miwodebas” (125. 616). gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia rotmistr solomon andronikaSvilis mier Cadenili gmiroba, romelmac dakiTxvis dros „sikvdilis komisrad“ wodebul, daundobeli sisastikiT cnobil jalaT Sulmans kiserSi, Tu ybaSi lursmani Caartya (51. 75; 106. 112-113). general Salva maRlakeliZis TqmiT, “Sulmani iyo Cekisti, ebraeli,... jalaTi iyo namdvili, sul revolveri aqvs xelSi. andronikaSvilma daartya lursmani da mokla, dasaxvretad rom gayavdaT 22 wels. me maSin ukve moskovSi viyavi da es ambavi gadmocemiT vici, e. i. Sulmani Sedis suslika andronikaSvilTan, rom waiyvanos dasaxvretad. suslika qaqucas razmelia, mixvda, dasaxvretad rom unda waeyvanaT, moglija naris ficari da daartya TavSi es lursmniani ficari Sulmans. andronikaSvili daxvrites” (73. 119). daaxloebiT 1922 wlis ivnisSi (ufro zusti TariRis dadgena amJamad Cvens xelT arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT ver xerxdeba) “SeficulTa” razmi jer sofel pantianSi, xolo Semdeg _ aSroSanSi binadrobda. aqedan qaqucam Tavisi TanaSemwe Salva favleniSvili TbilisSi erovnul-demokratiuli partiis centralur komitetTan mosalaparakeblad gagzavna. ori kviris Semdeg, Salva Tbilisidan svimon yifianTan erTad dabrunda, romelic, e. vaCnaZis cnobiT, “erovnul-demokratiuli partiis mier iyo qaqucasTan mivlinebuli” (42; 115. 301). swored am periodSi, 1922 wlis ivnisis dasawyisSi, TbilisSi, daviT vaCnaZis binaSi, gaimarTa misi Sexvedra wiTeli qarTuli diviziis Stabis ufrosTan, polkovnik rostom musxeliSvilTan. SemdgomSi daTa vaCnaZe aRniSnul, uaRresad mniSvnelovan, faqts ase igonebda: „momiyvana TqvenTan gansakuTrebulma saqmem _ miTxra musxeliSvilma _ sad aris exla ColoyaSvili? ra ambebi mogdiT misgan? ras apirobs? _ ColoyaSvili dRidgan gasvlisa kaxeTSia. maisSi misgan vrceli werili miviReT. gvatyobinebs, rom kaxeTSi da mTiuleTSi bolSevikTa wesebiT xalxi imdenaTaa aRSfoTebuli, rom advili SesaZlebelia am mxareSi ajanyebam ucabedaT sadme ifeTqos da mec CamiTrios Tavis brZolis talRebSio. amasTanave, iwereba Tavis gaWirvebaze: mas ara aqvs sursaTis SesaZeni fuli, tansacmeli da sakmao vaznebi. moiTxovs saCqaro Svelas da pasuxsac: “rogor moviqce, Tu xalxi gamovidao”? _ es marTalia, _ sTqva polkovnikma rostomma, _ aseTive cnobebi mosdis kavkasiis wiTeli jaris Stabsac. am provinciebis mRelvareba rusebs Zalian awuxebs. eSiniaT, aqedan mRelvareba Crdilo kavkasias ar moedos. qaquca ColoyaSvils niWier da mamac partizanad sTvlian. “ColoyaSvili Zvirad daujdeba moskovso”, _ meubneboda guSin kavkasiis Stabis ufrosi pugaCevi. Cemis azriT, _ miTxra musxeliSvilma, _ Tu am xanad ajanyebam ifeTqa da ajanyebulebma wesierad waiyvanes Tavisi saqme, advili mosalodnelia, maTi gamarjveba Tbilisis aRebiT damTavrdes. amitom, aucilebelia ColoyaSvilisTvis yoveli daxmarebis aRmoCena da masTan mudmivi kavSiris gawyoba. ras fiqrobs amaze Cveni politikuri centri? _ interpartiuli komitetis umravlesoba Tavidanve winaaRmdegia ColoyaSvilis SeiaraRebul gamosvlebisa. Cvens warmomadgenels iason javaxiSvils am niadagze maTTan mudmivi dava uxdeba. am centrSi xom yvela sakiTxi SeTanxmebiT swydeba da am sakiTxis garSemo jer araa miRweuli Tanxmoba. amitom, amJamad arcaa mosalodneli, rom man dasturi misces ajanyebis mzadebas da arc daxmarebas aRmouCens ColoyaSvils. _ sazRvargared myofi mTavroba, arc is exmareba gana? _ ara. _ maS, vin Svelis ColoyaSvils? _ adgilobrivad mas TviT xalxi eSveleba, Tbilisidan ki mTeli qarTuli sazogadoeba da is politikuri qarTveloba, romelic ar iziarebs politikuri meTaurobis am gaubedav pozicias. es maSveli qarTuli wreebi, TviT sakmaod gatyavebulni, SeZlebis da gvarad Svelian qaqucas partizanebs fuliT, tanTsacmeliTa da sxva..., magram, rasakvirvelia, es wveTia moTxovnilebaTa zRvaSi. TavCaRunuli, daRvremili ismenda am pasuxs rostom musxeliSvili. karga xanis dumilis Semdeg sTqva: _ es Zalian samwuxaroa... unda daarwmuno qarTuli politikuri meTauri xalxi, rom SeiaraRebuli brZolis xvedrs ver gaeqcevian. ajanyeba mainc moxdeba da Tu aqedanve yvelani erTad samzadiss SevudgebiT, gavimarjvebT. pirobebic xelsayreli gvaqvs. sabWoTa jari kavkasiaSi mcirea da susti. amierkavkasiaSi 19000, amdenive _ Crdilo kavkasiaSi. Tavis wiTel jars kavkasiaSi moskovi ver daexmareba verc erTi zedmeti wiTeli armieliT. man unda “gaimarjvos an gawydes”, rogorc sweren aqaur jaris ufross moskovidan. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, warmoidgineT, moskovi mzadaa saqarTveloze srulebiT aiRos xelic. Tqven iciT Cemi piradi ambavi. Tavidan Tu vikisre mtris banakSi Stabis ufrosis Tanamdeboba, mxolod erTi miznisaTvis _ Cemi samSoblos ruseTisagan saboloo ganTavisuflebisaTvis. am xnis ganmavlobaSi rusebi ver miuxvdnen am Cem zraxvas. piriqiT, maT samxedro wreebSi iseTi ndoba davimsaxure, rom moskovis yvela samxedro da politikuri saidumloebis monawile gavxdi, da vici danamdvilebiT, rom wesieri ajanyebis warmoebis SemTxvevaSi, kavkasiis wiTeli jari ganwirulia. da Tu miiRebT mxedvelobaSi, rom me mabaria am jaris dislokacia da Cems xelSia jarebis gadaweva-gadmowevis aparati amierkavkasiis farglebSi, mixvdebiT, rom uangariSod ar gelaparakebiT. endeT am Cems cnobebs da saqmis codnas. ecadeT mxolod daiTanxmoT partiaTa komiteti, daarwmunoT da sTxovoT, rom nu gauSveben xelidan xelsayrel dros da pirobebs, Torem mere gvian iqneba. ramodenime welSi bolSevikuri ruseTi gaZlierdeba kavkasiaSi da mis morevas saqarTvelo da kavkasia didxans veRar eRirseba. _ ar dagimalavT, _ mivuge pasuxad r. musxeliSvils, _ amis imedi ara maqvs. karg SemTxvevaSi, mis dajerebas didi dro moundeba. ajanyebis Jami ki, rogorc sCans, moaxloebulia. Tqvenis cnobebiT, rodisaa es mosalodneli? _ am Semodgomas an gazafxuls! _ mipasuxa rostomma. _ ician es rusebma? _ me vumalav bevr ambavs pugaCovs, vamSvideb, magram rodemdis? Telavidan, TuqurmiSidan, lagodexidan wiTeli armielebis ufrosebi, es ramodenime Tvea, daJinebiT Txouloben adgilobrivi garnizonis gaZlierebas... magram mainc es imdenad saSiSi ar aris... saSiSia mxolod, Cvens moaxloebul aSkara gamarjvebis saqmeSi, qarTuli politikuri wreebis SeuTanxmebloba. rostom musxeliSvili wamodga fexze da gamoTxovebisas kidev gaimeora: _ Tqveni megobrebiT ecadeT, rac SeiZleba male miaRwioT SeTanxmebas. dro ar icdis... yvelani isini unda SeTanxmdeT, visac Tvalebi axiluli aqvs da Caxedulia sinamdvileSi. gvinda, ar gvinda, gverdSi unda amovudgeT mebrZol qarTvel xalxs. Tu davmarcxdebiT, qarTul istorias patiosani erovnuli brZolis kvals xom davutovebT? me mzada maqvs gegma wesier moqmedebisaTvis da am dReebSi gagacnobT mis Sinaarss. naxvamdis. _ gamarjvebiT brZandebodeT! rostom musxeliSvilma daavlo xeli sqel porTfels da gahqra gasaval karebSi” (40. 206-208). maSasadame, am cnobidan irkveva, rom 1922 wlis ivnisis damdegisTvis polkovnik rostom musxeliSvils ukve SemuSavebuli hqonda ajanyebis gegma, romelic man male gaacno qarTuli samxedro elitis warmomadgenlebs: kote afxazs, aleqsandre andronikaSvils da sxv. gegmis mixedviT, “aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ajanyeba unda dayrdnoboda Tavis istoriul bazas _ xevsureTis magar mTa-simagreebs. daaxloebuls TbilisTan, modarajes saqarTvelos samxedro gzisa, amave dros, xevsureTs eWira Suaguli kavkasiisa da iWreboda kavkasiis uReltexilis piriqiT mxares da saqarTvelo-Crdilo kavkasiis mTielTa Soris sakavSiro xidaT iyo gadebuli... polkovnik musxeliSvilma ivarauda xevsureTis mdebareobis yvela es gansakuTrebuli Tvisebani da gadaswyvita maTi sruli gamoyeneba Tavis saoperacio gegmaSi. xevsureTis “asaRebad” musxeliSvili Tavs ayrevinebda kavkasiis Stabs amierkavkasiaSi mobinadre yvela rusis jarebs da duSeT-TianeTis mazraTa mTebis ZirSi da xevebSi amwyvdevda. amave dros, am jaris zurgSi musxeliSvilis gegma magar damkvrel razms usafrebda. daniSnul dRes, rodesac rusis jari Setevaze gadavidoda da Caebmeboda rTul da mZime mTian brZolebSi ColoyaSvilis meamboxeebTan, es Casafrebuli qarTuli razmi mas zurgidan unda dascemoda. zurg-gatexil, panikaSi gadavardnil da daSlil bolSevikur nawilebs kontr-ieriSebze gadmosuli ColoyaSvili advilad moereoda, maTs mxrebze daeSveboda mTebidan da erTis swrafi dakvriT aiRebda uZalo Tbiliss. Tbilisis aRebas da ruseTis jaris ganadgurebas, musxeliSvilis gegmiT, saqarTvelos da mTel ukve ujaro amierkavkasiis erTdrouli ganTavisufleba Tan mohyveboda. zurg-gamagrebuli Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebic advilad da swrafad ixsnidnen Tavs moskovis uRlisagan da, amgvarad, SesaZlebeli xdeboda mTeli kavkasiis ganTavisuflebis faqtad gadaqceva” (40. 209-210). aseTive gegmis arsebobaze saubrobs Tavis mogonebebSi polkovniki solomon zaldastaniSvilic: “ajanyebis gegma iyo Semdegi: pirveli da mTavari gamosvla unda moexdina qaquca ColoyaSvils duSeTSi. roca Tbilisidan mis winaaRmdeg gagzavnili rusuli jari masTan brZolaSi Caebmeboda, mcxeTis mxriv mixeil laSqaraSvili Tavisi razmiT zurgSi daartyamda. amiT mtris rigebSi moaxdendnen areulobas da SeerTebuli razmebiT qaqucas meTaurobiT Tbiliss moadgebodnen. amave dros, ajanyeba unda momxdariyo guriaSi, samegreloSi, svaneTSi, qarTlSi da kaxeTSi” (22. 13; 43. 12). kote afxazma da aleqsandre andronikaSvilma rostom musxeliSvilis mier Sedgenili ajanyebis gegma moiwones. maT gadawyvites, gegmis detalebi qaquca ColoyaSvilisaTvis dauyovnebliv SeetyobinebinaT. daTa vaCnaZis cnobiT, “rostomma gaumeora erovnul-demokratiuli partiis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdomares, kote abxazs, rom gegmis Sesruleba damokidebulia “zurgis damkvreli razmis” mowyobis saqmeze, romelic saWiroebs qarTuli politikuri organizaciebis srul Tanxmobas. _ me danamdvilebiT vici, _ gviTxra musxeliSvilma, _ rom duSeTis mazraSi politikuri partiebis gavlena didia da vSiSob, rom maTma uTanxmoebam xeli ar SeuSalos am razmis organizacias. gTxovT, saTanado gavlena moaxdinoT Tbilisis politikur wreebze amis Tavidan asacileblad” (40. 210). sakiTxis didi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, 1922 wlis ivnisSi (wyaroebis monacemebis mixedviT, konkretuli TariRis dasaxeleba ver xerxdeba _ g. s.) kote afxazma edp-s centraluri komitetis sagangebo sxdoma moiwvia, romelzec moxseneba kaxeTidan axlad dabrunebulma giorgi winamZRvriSvilma gaakeTa. man aRniSna: “xalxi Relavs, nametnavad mTiulebi. mosTxoven ColoyaSvils: moTminebis fiala agvevso, bolSevikebis simxeces veRar vitanT, Sens Senaxvasac dRiTi-dRe gviZneleben, gagviZexi da mters SevutioTo. qaqucas mdgomareoba Ria kaxeTSi xom metad gaZnelda. igi iZulebuli gaxdeba male mTian TianeT-duSeTisaken bina gadainacvlos. iq, mis garSemo, bunebrivad mTielebis Tavis moyra daiwyeba. es ki brZolis dawyebis momaswavebelia. Cemis dakvirvebiT, ajanyeba erT TveSi igrialebs” (40. 210-211; 43. 12). giorgi winamZRvriSvilis moxsenebis dasrulebis Semdeg, aRniSnul sakiTxze cxare kamaTi gaimarTa. centraluri komitetis wevrebma: kote afxazma, mixeil iSxnelma, daviT vaCnaZem da giorgi winamZRvriSvilma ajanyebis mowyobis ideas mxari dauWires da sTxoves edp-s warmomadgenels “damoukideblobis komitetSi” _ iason javaxiSvils, maTi mosazreba “damkomis” wevrebisTvis gadaeca. cota xanSi gairkva, rom “damkomi” aRniSnul etapze nebismieri SeiaraRebuli gamosvlis winaaRmdegi iyo da “samxedro centrsac” aukrZala aseT moqmedebebSi monawileobis miReba. amitom, erovnul-demokratiuli partiis centralurma komitetma daadgina: “miRebul iqnas yvela zomebi, rom naadrevi gamosvlebi arsad ar moxdes. es dadgenileba partiam yvela provinciebs acnoba”. Tumca, edp-s liderebma iqve ganacxades, rom Tu SeiaraRebuli ajanyeba mainc daiwyeboda, partia mas mxars dauWerda (22. 13; 40. 210-211; 43. 12-13). 1922 wlis ivlisis dasawyisSi Seficulebi duSeTis mazris sofel frezeTSi gadavidnen, sadac maT SeuerTdaT qarTlis patara razmi giorgi gverdwiTelis xelmZRvanelobiT, baRdua kaxuaSvili, gabo oziaSvili, giorgi biZinaSvili (“kurdRela”), ioseb qimbariSvili (“qimbari”) da sxv. amis Semdeg, razmis raodenobam 60-65 kaci Seadgina. erTi kviris Semdeg, frezeTidan xevsureTisken daiZrnen (10. 56; 42; 67. 75; 106. 116; 115. 301). unda aRiniSnos, rom e. vaCnaZisa da al. sulxaniSvilis gadmocemiT, “SeficulTa” 60-65-kaciani razmi xevsureTisken dRisiT midioda, rac sakmaod did gaufrTxileblobas warmoadgenda. marTalia, al. sulxaniSvili wers, “Cven dRisiT mivdiodiT xevsureTisken, vinaidan aragvis xeobaSi arc imdenad bevria mosaxleoba”-o, magram, TavisTavad cxadia, amdeni SeiaraRebuli adamianis dRisiT-mzisiT moZraoba Cekistebs ar gamoeparebodaT. isini yvelanairad ecdebodnen, rom qaquca ColoyaSvili da misi razmelebi manamde CaebaT brZolebSi, sanam sxva regionebSi ajanyebisTvis sabolood momzadebas moaswrebdnen. marTalia, 1925 wels Sedgenil sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi _ “saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb” aRniSnulia, rom “ColoyaSvili molodinis taqtikas adga. amboxebis dawyebis momenti mas surda Seefardebina nac.-demokratebis partiis cekasagan direqtivebis miRebisaTvis” (10. 55-56), magram, samwuxarod, qaquca ColoyaSvils jer kidev ivlisis SuaxanebSi, xevsureTSi Sesvlamde, dagegmilze ramdenime kviriT adre, mouwia bolSevikebTan Setakeba. ajanyebulTa Stabis ufrosis, polkovnik rostom musxeliSvilis Tavdapirvel gegmaSi ivlisSi brZolebis warmoeba gaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo. pirveli brZola aragvis xeobaSi, JinvalTan mdebare, sofel TvalivSi (al. sulxaniSvili mas SecdomiT “orTvalad” moixseniebs _ g. s.) moxda, sadac Seficulebs Tavs daesxa duSeTis mazris CekistTa razmi cnobili sadistis, calxela komisar WurRulias meTaurobiT. brZolis Sedegad, TavdamsxmelTagan daiRupa erTi, daiWra ori mebrZoli, danarCenebi ki gaiqcnen, maT Soris, WurRuliac; “SeficulTa” razmidan aravin dazaralebula (67. 75-76; 106. 116). zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, simarTles ar Seefereba elizbar vaCnaZis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom, marTalia, wiTelarmielebi Seecadnen “SeficulTa” razmisTvis alya SemoertyaT, magram qaquca ColoyaSvili brZolis gareSe gausxlta maT da SeficulebTan erTad fSavSi gadavida (42; 115. 302). rogorc vnaxeT, 1922 wlis ivlisSi sofel TvalivTan sakmaod seriozuli Setakeba moxda, ris Semdegac komunistebma “SeficulTa” razmis kvals miagnes da ukan daedevnen. amis Semdeg, surda Tu ar surda, qaquca ColoyaSvili brZolaSi unda Cabmuliyo. Tvalivis brZolis Semdeg, Seficulebi fSavis centralur sofel maRaroskarSi, vaJa-fSavelas mier daarsebul skolaSi, dabanakdnen. aq maT Tavs daaxloebiT 250 komunisti daesxa da ramdenimesaaTiani sastiki brZola gaimarTa. al. sulxaniSvili SemdgomSi gulwrfelad aRiarebda: “Tumca bevri brZolis monawile var, didisa Tu patarasi, magram imisTana lamazi Serkinebis momswre ki arasodes vyofilvar” (67. 77; 106. 117). mteri Sedgeboda “partiulebisa, ori mwyobri rusis jarisa da avlabris komisrisagan Tavis miliciiT” (al. sulxaniSvili). brZolis monawileebi: e. vaCnaZe, al. baduraSvili da al. sulxaniSvili mas TiTqmis erTnairad, mcireodeni gansxvavebebiT, aRweren. samive maTgani aRiarebs, rom bolSevikebi maT Tavs moulodnelad daesxnen. amis gamomwvevi mizezi is iyo, rom bunebrivad sakmaod dacul maRaroskarSi mtris ase male Semotevas ar elodnen. „sofelSi aragvi Camodis. aris erTi skola, qvis galavanSemovlebuli da im ezoSi, Senobis ukan _ erTi patara samlocvelo. meore dRes razmelebi saTevzaod da xilis sakrefad daiSalnen, xolo roca sadilisaTvis kvlav Seikribnen, mteri sofels uaxlovdeboda” (e. vaCnaZe) (42; 115. 302). “SuadRis Wamas movrCiT da mindorze wamowolilni viyaviT, roca darajma gangaSi astexa _ mteri modiso... mteri aragvis pirs viwro gzas erT mwkrivad moyveboda, ara jgufad, aramed erTi meoresagan gansazRvrul manZiliT daSorebuli.” (al. baduraSvili) (11. 12). “baridan momaval gzaze Cven erTaderTi yarauli gvyavda dayenebuli, “kurdRela” (giorgi biZinaSvili _ g. s.), romelsac sakmarisi gamocdileba ar gaaCnda. erTi saaTis win erTma fSavelma Caiara barisaken. Cven misi SiSi sul ar gvqonda, magram igi gzaze Turme Cvens mdevars wawydomia; maT is daiWires da aTqmevines, Tu sad viyaviT dabanakebulni... yaraulma gvian SeamCnia mdevari” (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 117-118). moulodneli Tavdasxmis miuxedavad, amgvar brZolebSi uaRresad gamocdili qaquca ColoyaSvili odnavadac ar dabneula, man Seficulebi maSinve sabrZolvelad gaawyo, yvelas Tavisi adgili miuCina da ubrZana, sanam pirvelad TviTon ar gaisroda, manamde cecxli ar gaexsnaT. amis Semdeg movlenebi Semdegnairad ganviTarda: “mtris Zalebma, swored skolis galavans ukan amofarebulebma, daikaves pozicia. daiwyo Zlieri srola. erT mxriT 320 kaci, xolo Cveni mxridan _ 60... xuTi kaci galavanSi gadaZvra da mis ukan amofarebul mters aT nabijze miuaxlovda, razmis umravlesoba ki mtris pirispir ganlagda. me da sergo maisuraZe mtris zurgSi mosavlelad wavediT. mcire xevidan bilikebi amodioda da gzaSi Tormet Cekists wavawydiT. maT erTi somexi komisari meTaurobda. mas Turme naTqvami hqonia, vidre tfilisidan wamovidoda, qaqucas Tavs Camovitano. qaqucasi ki ara, Tavisic ver Caitana. misi razmic davamarcxeT da TviTonac mokvda. amis Semdeg mters zurgidan srola avutexeT. visrodiT imdenad Cqar-Cqara, ramdenadac ki SegveZlo. TiToeulma orasamde tyvia gaisrola. es brZola saerTod _ TiTqmis rva saaTamde gagrZelda. mterma sastiki damarcxeba igema. daexocaT asamde kaci, danarCenebma Tavs uSveles. tyved CavigdeT 15 Cekisti, romelnic uklebliv daixvritnen. Cveni mxriv daiWra ori mebrZoli” (e. vaCnaZe) (42; 115. 302). al. baduraSvilis TqmiT, “rodesac mwkrivis Tavi Cveni frontis marcxena frTas gausworda, maSin qaqucam srola dagvawyebina. vinc xeobaSi Semosuli iyo, e. i. visac Cven davyurebdiT, arc erTi ar gadarCenila _ an daixocnen, an daWrilni iyvnen. eqvsma kacma ki xelebi aswia da tyved Cagvivardnen. am dros beladma elizbars ubrZana oTxi kaci waeyvana, rom CvenTvis zurgSi mosavleli gza Seekra. elizbari wavida Tavisi xalxiT da, marTlac, zurgSi Semomvlel razms wawydomia. amaT tfiliseli somexi komisari mouZRveboda. elizbars isini gaufantavs _ komisari da ramdenime misi mxlebeli mouklavT, danarCenebi ki gaqceulan. datyvevebuli eqvsi kaci daixvrita. yvelani Cekistebi iyvnen” (11. 12). yvelaze vrclad maRaroskaris brZolas al. sulxaniSvili aRwers. misi cnobebidan kargad ikveTeba qaquca ColoyaSvilis samxedro talanti. Sedegic Sesabamisi iyo: “saboloo jamSi, Tumca isini Cven gvipirebdnen rkalSi momwyvdevas, magram maTi erTi nawili Cven moviqcieT alyaSi. nel-nela srola Sewyda: zogni daixocnen, zogni ki tyved Cagvivardnen... es vaJbatoni (avlabris komisari _ g. s.) Turme didi kvexniT wamosula, rom qaqucas Tavs Camovitano, magram moxda ise, rom verc Tavisi sakuTari waiRo ukan” (106. 119-120). maRaroskaris brZolis dros momxdar erT saintereso epizods, saidanac mTeli sisruliT warmoCnda qaquca ColoyaSvilis vaJkacuri xasiaTi, misi erT-erTi monawile, xevsuri SiSia qerauli SemdgomSi ase igonebda: “maRaroskarSi cxare brZolisas qaquca fexze wamoimarTa, gadadga mdinare maRaroulas beqze da mibrjniT gauxsna mauzeridan cecxli mopirdapire napirze Sejgufebul mters. rodesac igives gasakeTeblad iqve safaridan wamovimarTe mec, man fexiT mibiZga da ar amiSva zeviT, xolo Setakebis damTavrebis Semdeg, roca wyromiT SevniSne, Tu ra uflebiT akeTebda amas, man Cveuli siTboTi da gulisxmierebiT mipasuxa: “me am saqmisa da moqmedebisaTvis Tavgadadebuli kaci var, es Cemi pirdapiri movaleobaa, magram Sen Cveulebrivi kaci, ojaxis patroni, mSvidobiani mcxovrebi xar da Tavs nebas ver mivcem Seni Svilebi davaoblo!” ise miTxra es, rom yovelgvarma wyenam maSinve gadamiara gulidan” (67. 81). dasasruls, sagangebod aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom rogorc e. vaCnaZe gadmogvcems, maRaroskaris “brZolis dros qaquca tifiT iyo daavadebuli da ormoci gradusi sicxe hqonda, magram brZolas dawyebidan bolomde TviTon uxelmZRvanela“ (42; 115. 302). al. sulxaniSvili Tavis mogonebebSi aRiarebs, rom “Cvenma maRaroskaris brZolam cota naadrevi xasiaTi miiRo”, magram iqve ganmartavs, amiT “didad ar Secvlila amboxebis gegma: amboxeba daiwyo zustad iq, sadac unda dawyebuliyo”-o. samwuxarod, unda aRvniSnoT, rom ajanyeba “cota naadrevad” ki ara, aramed dagegmilze ramdenime kviriT adre daiwyo; Tanac ar daiwyo “zustad iq, sadac unda dawyebuliyo” _ rostom musxeliSvilis mier Sedgenili Tavdapirveli gegmis mixedviT, Tvalivisa da maRaroskaris brZolebi gaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo; qaqucas razms mteri Setakebis gareSe unda Seetyuebina md. aragvis viwroebSi da brZola mxolod amis Semdeg gaemarTa. am dros TbilisSi myofi daviT vaCnaZis TqmiT, “saubedurod, dro aRar icdida. axali movlenebi swrafad viTardebodnen. yazbegidan Sikriki Camovida: xalxi irazmeba, samxedro gzaze SeiaraRebul mTielTa jgufebi gaCndneno, ColoyaSvili TianeTisaken modiso, xevsureTi fexze dgebao. es xmebi mosdioda Tbiliss yoveli mxridan” (40. 211). ase iyo Tu ise, qaquca ColoyaSvils komunistebTan brZolaSi Cabma naadrevad mouwia, raSic brali mniSvnelovanwilad TviTonve miuZRoda _ man ver SeZlo uzrunveleyo “SeficulTa” razmis Cumi da frTxili gadaadgileba kaxeTidan fSav-xevsureTisken. Tvalivisa da maRaroskaris brZolebis Semdeg, procesebi daCqarda da ajanyeba daiwyo manam, sanam qarTlSi “zurgis damkvreli razmebis” Sedgenas da SeiaraRebas moaswrebdnen, rasac polkovnik rostom musxeliSvilis gegmaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda. maRaroskaris brZolis dasrulebis Semdeg, qaquca ColoyaSvilma mokavSire fSavelebisgan miiRo cnoba, rom TianeTis mxridan xevsureTis Sesasvlelis, fSavis da xevsureTis aragvis Sesayarze mdebare bunebrivi simagris _ orwyalis dasakaveblad 80 kacisgan Semdgari Cekistebis razmi miemarTeboda. amitom, man Seficulebis nawili elizbar vaCnaZis xelmZRvanelobiT orwylisken gagzavna, raTa mters misi dakaveba ver moeswro. el. vaCnaZem davaleba Seasrula, Tumca rogorc al. sulxaniSvili Tavis mogonebebSi aRniSnavs, “aravis araviTari oTxmoci kaci ar uxilavs TvaliT da es cnoba mxolodRa sofo Zalos Worebi gamodga!” (106. 122). dabejiTebiT Znelia vamtkicoT, magram “TianeTis mxridan” momaval “80 kacisgan Semdgar Cekistebis razmSi” xom ar SeiZleba vigulisxmoT fSavis miliciis razmi, romelsac qaqucas axlo megobari, maRaroskaris raionis miliciis ufrosi//komisari levan razikaSvili xelmZRvanelobda? am ukanasknels da mis xelqveiTebs xevsureTisken mimavali Seficulebi, marTlac, Sexvdnen, Tumca aRniSnul Sexvedras brZola ar mohyolia. mis Sesaxeb arsebobs giorgi liqokelis Semdegi Sinaarsis mogoneba: “mamaCemi mgelasagan gamigonia _ maRaroskaris brZolis Semdeg, xevsureTisken rom mivdiodiT qaqucas razmi, xomis Zirs, petres duqanTan SevisveneT. am dros cxenebis drgialiT mogvadga milicielTa razmi. is iyo ercxvas unda vscemiyveniT, rom qaqucam xelis aweviT SegvaCera, sdeq!-o, wavida mowinaaRmdegisken, iqidan maTi meTauri gamoemarTa da saxeganaTebulebi gadaexvivnen erTimeores. maSin vnaxeT pirvelad vaJas Svili levani, isic mSvenieri vaJkaci yofiliyo. Semdeg orive razmi damjdara mwvane molze da madliani fSauriT auxmianebia aragvis Wala” (67. 198-199). unda iTqvas, rom arsebobs qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da levan razikaSvilis Sexvedris sxva versiac, romlis mixedviTac, es faqti ara ajanyebis dawyebamde, aramed misi damarcxebis Semdeg, “SeficulTa” razmis fSav-xevsureTidan ukan daxevis dros, moxda. aRniSnul versias CekaSi dakiTxvis dros aviTarebda TianeTis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare sergo surgulaZe, romelsac centralurma sardlobam qaquca ColoyaSvilis Sepyroba da misi likvidacia daavala. mocemuli davalebis Seusrulebloba s. surgulaZem mTlianad l. razikaSvils gadaabrala. misi dakiTxvis oqmSi vkiTxulobT: “gzis gadaketvisaTvis Tormeti amxanagis TanxlebiT gavemgzavre orwylisaken. s. artanTan armisuli, Cems mier ori milicieli iqna gagzavnili razikaSvilTan. Tavisi milicielebiT SuafxoSi unda Semxvedroda. mas winadadeba miveci, ar wamosuliyo mdinare aragviT, radgan banditebi aragvis xeobiT ixevdnen da SeiZleboda Seyrodnen... man yuradReba ar miaqcia Cems winadadebas, aragviT wamovida da sof. xomis ZirSi banditebs gadaeyara. Cems mier gagzavnili milicionerebidan erTi mokluli, xolo meore ganiaraRebul iqna. TviTon ki yvela milicieliTurT tyved danebda...” (30. 24-25). aRniSnuli cnobidan irkveva, rom s. surgulaZes, marTlac, davalebuli hqonia orwyalTan gzis gadaketva, rac mas, levan razikaSvilis “Ralatis” gamo ver Seusrulebia; aSkaraa, rom vaJa-fSavelas vaJi specialurad wavida aragvis xeobiT, raTa uSualod is da ara vinme sxva, Sexvedroda “SeficulTa” razms; Cven zemoT ukve vnaxeT, Tu rogor “danebda” levan razikaSvilis razmi qaquca ColoyaSvils aragvis piras, petres duqanTan (anu danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xomSi moxda qaquca ColoyaSvilis da levan razikaSvilis Sexvedra), magram xom ar SeiZleba, rom es faqti momxdariyo rogorc ivlisis bolos, “SeficulTa” razmis xevsureTSi Sesvlis win, ise seqtemberSi, ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg? aSkaraa, rom erT-erTi wyaro mcdar TariRs iZleva. romeli? Cveni azriT, es Sexvedra ajanyebis dawyebamde, “SeficulTa” razmis barisaxoSi dabanakebamde unda momxdariyo. Sexvedris monawile, xevsuri mgela liqokeli yveba, Tu rogor mokalaTda orive razmi “mwvane molze” da “madliani fSauriT” aaxmiana “aragvis Wala”. Cven qvemoT vnaxavT, Tu rogor ganviTarda xevsureTis ajanyeba 1922 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi, da davrwmundebiT, rom ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg, roca TiToeuli Seficulis sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiTxi mwvaved idga, TiToeuli wuTi Zvirfasi iyo, aravis eqneboda dro da, miTumetes, xalisi (erTi mxriv, damarcxebis, meore mxriv, fSav-xevsureTis mSvidobiani mosaxleobis mier gaRebuli msxverplis gamo), aragvis Wala “madliani fSauriT” aexmianebina! levan razikaSvili, marTlac, daexmara qaquca ColoyaSvils ukan daxevis dros, magram es sul sxva viTarebaSi moxda, ris Sesaxebac aseve qvemoT visaubrebT. davubrundeT kvlav 1922 wlis ivlisis bolos momxdari movlenebis aRweras, rodesac mTeli “SeficulTa” razmi piraqeTa xevsureTis mTavar sofelSi _ barisaxoSi, gogoTur WinWaraulis saxlSi da kar-midamoSi, dabanakda da bolSevikebTan omisTvis samzadiss Seudga (11. 3; 42; 67. 83; 106. 122-123; 115. 303). barisaxoSi qaquca ColoyaSvili da misi razmelebi didi pativiscemiT miiRes. ramdenime dReSi mTel xevsureTSi udidesi tradiciuli religiuri dResaswauli aTengenoba gaimarTa. adgilobrivi Tavkacebis _ gogoTur WinWaraulis, apareka arabulis da sxv. TanxlebiT qaquca ColoyaSvili xevsurTa mTavar salocavs gudanis jvars ewvia. agvistos dasawyisSi igi aseTive dReobas xaxmatis jvarSic daeswro, ris Sesaxebac al. sulxaniSvili mogviTxrobs: “mowinave xevsurebi moiTxovdnen, rom qaquca nawili razmelebiT mainc wasuliyo am dResaswaulze, sadac xalxi mTeli xevsureTidan iyris Tavs salocavad... gogoTurs da aparikas surdaT, rom qaquca piradad enaxa xalxs Tavis razmiT, radgan es maTSi aRfrTovanebas gamoiwvevda... ra Tqma unda, qaqucam yurad iRo gogoTurisa da aparikas rCeva. cxra kaci gavemgzavreT cxenebiT, xolo danarCeni razmi ki barisaxoSi darCa”... erTi moxuci xevsuri qaqucas miuaxlovda, xeli CamoarTva, axed-daxeda da uTxra: “Sen, qaqucao, imad xar kargi vaJkaci, rom Cveni sisxlisa xar”... saucxood Caiara xaxmatis jvarobam. xevisberebma sityva misces qaqucas: Cven mzad varT rusebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolveladao... saRamo Jams xalxs gamovemSvidobeT da Zalian kmayofilni davbrundiT barisaxoSi...” (67. 84-85; 106. 124-128). al. baduraSvilis TqmiT, barisaxoSi dabanakebuli qaquca ColoyaSvili xevsurebTan molaparakebebs marTavda, Tumca “maTTan propaganda saWiroc ar iyo. am xalxs rusTa siZulvili Cvenze meti hqonda” (11. 12). 1922 wlis ivlisis bolom da agvistos pirvelma naxevarma mtris moaxloebuli Tavdasxmis mzadebasa da molodinSi ganvlo. qaquca ColoyaSvilma Tavis SeficulebTan da xevsurebTan erTad gansakuTrebiT orwyali gaamagra. aRsaniSnavia, rom am periodSi qaquca avad iyo, rogorc el. vaCnaZe miuTiTebs, “avadmyofi qaquca xevisberis saxlSi iwva da iqidan xelmZRvanelobda momaval operaciebis samzadiss” (42; 115. 303). saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi lideris _ aleqsandre asaTianis TqmiT, 1922 wlis agvistoSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma mowodebiT mimarTa qarTvel ers, “sadac is swerda, rom miwebi mepatroneebs CamoerTva jer kidev menSevikuri wyobilebis dros da amis gamo iaraRi xelSi aravis auRia. Cven mzada varT gadavsceT qarTvel ers is mcirec, rac dagvrCa, ukeTu amas qveynis saWiroeba moiTxovs, xolo Cveni exlandeli brZola isaxavs miznad ara miwebis dabrunebas, aramed saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dabrunebas da es brZola gagrZeldeba, sanam es mizani ar iqneba miRweuli” (129. 327). al. sulxaniSvilis azriT, “am mzadebis naklad unda CaiTvalos is, rom Cven droulad ver movaswariT dakavSireba mTlianad CrdiloeT kavkasiasTan” (106. 129-130). daaxloebiT agvistos meore naxevarSi (ufro zusti TariRis dadgena Cvens xelT arsebuli wyaroebis mixedviT ver xerxdeba _ g. s.) sabWoTa jarma, ramdenime aTasma jariskacma, orwyals Seutia. gaimarTa sastiki brZolebi, romlebic erT kviraze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. ajanyebulebma qaquca ColoyaSvilis meTaurobiT brwyinvale gamarjveba moipoves, Seficulebi da xevsurebi gmirobis saswaulebs axdendnen. Sedegad, mterma asobiT mebrZoli dakarga da uwesrigod daixia ukan, Jinval-duSeTis raionSi. polkovnik rostom musxeliSvilis Tavdapirveli gegmis mixedviT, swored am dros ukandaxeuli bolSevikebisTvis unda daertyaT duSeTis raionSi Casafrebul “zurgis damkvrel razmebs” mixeil laSqaraSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT, rac, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo, ver ganxorcielda (ufro konkretulad amis Sesaxeb qvemoT visaubrebT). Sesabamisad, ver Sesrulda gegmis sxva punqtic, romelic qaquca ColoyaSvilis aragvis xeobidan gamosvlas da Tbilisze elvisebur Setevas iTvaliswinebda. igi darCa xevsureTSi, radgan Tavis Zalebs unda gafrTxileboda (11. 12-13; 43. 14; 67. 87-96; 106. 129-130). amrigad, xevsureTis omis pirveli etapi ajanyebulTa SesaniSnavi gamarjvebiT dasrulda. orwyalTan gamarTuli brZolis Semdeg, sasowarkveTili siRnaRis politsammarTvelos ufrosi Tavis xelmZRvanelebs atyobinebda: “banditebis Sepyrobis gamiznuli yvela operacia mTavrdeba uSedegod” (30. 22). orwyalTan gancdili samarcxvino marcxis Semdeg, komunistebma TavianTi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sruli mobilizacia moaxdines da 1922 wlis seqtembris damdegs axali Setevis gansaxorcieleblad moemzadnen. amasTan dakavSirebiT, mkvlevari T. endelaZe miuTiTebs: “1922 wlis 10 seqtembers sabWoTa samxedro xelmZRvanelobam gamosca saidumlo gankarguleba, romlis ZaliTac im dRes, saRamos unda daemTavrebinaT saerTo mobilizacia da sabrZolo ganlageba. am gegmiT, 15 seqtembramde varaudobdnen gudanisa da barisaxos aRebas. qarTvel msrolelTa diviziis meTaurs _ s. leqvTiZes ubrZanes, duSeTisa da TianeTis mazrebSi dislocirebuli nawilebis gaerTianeba. Tbilisidan gaagzavnes qarTuli polkis batalioni, kavkasiis me-19 msroleli polkis aseuli, armiis saswavlo sakadro polkis aseuli, calke kavaleriis brigadis rCeuli eskadroni da 37-e avtojavSnosani SenaerTi. Seteva aviaciiTac gaaZlieres. mas unda daezvera saqarTvelos samxedro gzis monakveTi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daebomba ajanyebulTa poziciebi” (30. 24). aRniSnul periodSi, agvistos miwurulsa da seqtembris dasawyisSi, uqmad arc qaquca ColoyaSvili yofila. is kargad xvdeboda, rom garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg, ukeTesad momzadebuli mteri mis winaaRmdeg kvlav Setevaze gadmovidoda. amitom, qaqucam aleqsandre sulxaniSvili da Samil iqaiZe CeCneTSi daxmarebis saTxovnelad gagzavna. am ukanasknelTa molaparakebebi Crdilo kavkasielebTan sasazRvro sofel jaregoSi warmatebiT damTavrda, Tumca rodesac ramdenime dRis Semdeg, isini xevsureTSi dabrundnen, ajanyeba ukve damarcxebuli daxvdaT _ sabWoTa jarebs barisaxo aeRoT. Sesabamisad, am etapze CeCnebis mxridan samxedro daxmarebis saWiroeba moixsna, rac maT saswrafod Seatyobines. sanam al. sulxaniSvili CeCneTSi imyofeboda, bolSevikebma, romlebic orwylis mxridan xevsureTSi Sesvlis srul uperspeqtivobaSi darwmundnen, barisaxos gudamayris xeobidan Seuties. daaxloebiT 11-15 seqtembers wiTeli armiis nawilebma, daba fasanauris gavliT, gudamayris xeobis soflebi daikaves da xevsureTs fxitus mTidan (igi xevsureTisa da gudamayris mTavar wyalgamyofs warmoadgens) Seuties. qaquca ColoyaSvilsa da dampyroblebs Soris aqac sastiki brZolebi gaimarTa. rusebma gamoiyenes TviTmfrinavebi, zarbaznebi da tyviamfrqvevebi, ramac, sabolood, brZolis bedi maT sasargeblod gadawyvita. ajanyebulebi damarcxdnen. mteri xevsureTSi SeiWra da umowyalod gadawva soflebi (67. 101-117). CeCneTidan barisaxosken momaval al. sulxaniSvils SatilSi daxvda qaquca ColoyaSvilis werili, romelSic ewera: “ukan daabruneT qistebis razmebi, radgan aq yvelaferi waxda, albaT, Ralats aqvs adgili, amitom, Cven kaxeTisken mivdivarT aqedan da Sen droebiT rogorme mand Seinaxe Tavi”. al. sulxaniSvilma mainc ganagrZo gza barisaxosken, romelic mas ukve aRebuli daxvda. sof. akuSoSi igi apareka arabuls Sexvda, romelic mouyva, Tu ra moxda xevsureTSi misi CeCneTSi yofnis periodSi: “Seni wasvlis meore dRes didi Zala mogvawyda. bevri vebrZoleT, bevri CavxoceT xeobebSi, sakmarisad daixocnen Cveni mxridanac, magram barma gviRalata; zurgSi rom unda daertyaT rusebisaTvis, aRar daartyes da imden Zalas ver gavuZeliT” (106. 134). sanam uSualod qaquca ColoyaSvilis mier 1922 wlis seqtemberSi xevsureTis datovebisa da “SeficulTa” razmis nawilTan erTad kaxeTSi gadasvlis Sesaxeb Txrobas ganvagrZobdeT, saWirod migvaCnia ivlis-seqtemberSi Tbilissa da Sida qarTlSi mimdinare procesebis ganxilva; “zurgis damkvreli razmis” SedgenasTan da Semdeg brZolaSi Caubmelad mis daSlasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis garkveva; ratom “waxda yvelaferi” xevsureTSi, ratom aRar “daartyes” baridan fSav-xevsureTis viwroebSi momwyvdeul sabWoTa sajariso danayofebs? saistorio wyaroebis monacemebis urTierTSejerebisa da samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 1922 wlis ivlisidan (ajanyebis dawyebidan) seqtembris bolomde (amboxebis CaxSobamde) movlenebis ganviTareba Semdegnairad warmogvidgeba: ivlisSi, TbilisSi arsebul antisabWoTa politikur wreebSi, Seqmnil viTarebaSi SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis mowyobis mizanSewonilobis sakiTxis ganxilva kvlav grZeldeboda. “damkomSi” da “samxedro centrSi” Semavali politikosebis da samxedro pirebis nawili miiCnevda, rom amboxebis mosawyobad Sesaferisi dro iyo, Tumca mis dawyebas 1922 wlis seqtembrisTvis gegmavda; nawili ki miiCnevda, rom ajanyebis dawyebas arc saSinao da arc sagareo-politikuri faqtorebi uwyobdnen xels da separatuli gamosvla fSav-xevsureTSi winaswar damarcxebisTvis iyo ganwiruli. rogorc viciT, ivlisis SuaxanebSi ajanyebam mainc ifeTqa, “SeficulTa” razms mouxda Setakebebi dampyroblebTan Tvalivsa da maRaroskarSi, ris Semdegac ivlisis miwuruls barisaxoSi dabanakda. rogorc 1925 wels Sedgenil “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSia” aRniSnuli, arsebul viTarebaSi, “damkomis” da “samxedro centris” wevrebi dilemis winaSe aRmoCndnen _ “ganeviTarebiaT ColoyaSvilis avantiura sruliad saqarTvelos masStabiT, Tu SeewyvitaT yovelgvari bandituri cdebi, radganac sabWoTa mTavroba gadamwyvet RonisZiebas iRebda da mosalodneli iyo damarcxeba” (10. 16). aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, uTanxmoeba iyo TviT erovnul-demokratiuli partiis xelmZRvanelobaSic. generali kote afxazi da daviT//daTa vaCnaZe aqtiuri moqmedebebis da ajanyebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis momxreebi iyvnen, iason javaxiSvili (edp-s warmomadgeneli paritetul komitetSi), mixeil javaxiSvili da sxv. ki _ mowinaaRmdegeebi. daTa vaCnaZe SemdgomSi igonebda: “1922 wels... vmonawileob agvistos xevsureTis ajanyebis momzadebaSi da yvela mis saqmianobaSi seqtemberSi ajanyebis likvidaciamde” (38. 130-131). 1922 wlis 26 ivliss edp-s centralur komitetTan arsebuli samxedro komisiis Tavmjdomarem daviT vaCnaZem saqarTvelos partizanTa mTavari samxedro-operatiuli Stabis (mixeil laSqaraSvilis cnobiT, aRniSnuli Stabi daarsda 1922 wlis ivlisis bolos polkovnik rostom musxeliSvilis iniciativiT, rogorc „samxedro centris“ damxmare organizacia _ 64. 13) saxeliT, “samferis” fsevdonimiT, xevsureTSi myof qaquca ColoyaSvils Semdegi Sinaarsis sadireqtivo werili gaugzavna: “Zvirfaso qarTvelo, amasTan erTad gegzavnebaT saqarTvelos partizanTa mTavar samxedro-operatiuli Stabis brZaneba. sazRvargareTTan kavSiri daviWireT. ukanaskneli cnobebis mixedviT, ingliss, safrangeTs, amerikas da italias ganzraxva aqvT ZaliT Caerion ruseTis saqmeebSi _ emzadebian konstantinopolsa da angoraze gamosasvlelad. am gegmis sisruleSi moyvanas Seudgebian Semodgomaze, ise rom Cveni amboxeba SeiZleba maT gegmas Seufarddes. SevukveTeT sazRvargareT fuli, iaraRi. Zveli mTavroba parizidan mogviwodebs aqtiuri moqmedebisadmi, gvpirdeba SekveTil iaraRsa da fuls. axlo momavalSi veliT mandedan pasuxs... Tu ucxoelebi Tavis gegmas gadasdeben, Cven mainc gamovalT... gacnobebT, rom daarsda “samxedro centri”. Stabis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis “muxac” (rostom musxeliSvili _ g. s.)... gaswyvite yovelive kavSiri vardenTan (wulukiZe _ g. s.), radgan igi aqtivobis winaaRmdegia. kavSiri StabTan iqonie “muxas” saSualebiT. es Stabi faqtiurad iTvleba samxedro Stabadac damoukideblobis interpartiul komitetTan... “samferi” (10. 57-58; 22. 13-14). 1922 wlis 20 agvistos daTa vaCnaZem, saqarTvelos partizanTa mTavari samxedro-operatiuli Stabis saxeliT, qaquca ColoyaSvilisTvis gasagzavnad e. w. “brZaneba # 1” Seadgina, romelSic ewera: “gacnobebT, rom saqarTvelos partizanTa mTavar samxedro-operatiuli Stabis gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, okupantebisagan saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis drod daniSnulia a. w. seqtembris 27 vidre oqtombris 15. amboxebis operatiul gegmas gamosvlis dRis aRniSvniT miiRebT adgilobriv seqtembris 20-s daxuruli paketiT. seqtembris 15-Tvis uTuod warmoadgineT Tqveni operatiuli mosazrebani Semdegi cnobebis darTviT: 1) partizanebis saerTo ricxvi qarTl-kaxeTSi, maTi danawileba mazrobiT; 2) qveiTi da cxenosani partizanebis ricxvi; 3) raodenoba Tofebisa, tyviismfrqvevlebisa, tyviebisa, zarbaznebisa; 4) damokidebuleba lekebTan da azerbaijanTan (ra daxmarebis gaweva SeuZliaT). 5) meamboxeTa sursaT-sanovagiT dakmayofilebis gegma. movale xarT es brZaneba seqtembris 20-mde srul saidumloebaSi iqonioT. centralur StabTan kavSiris dasaWerad gamogzavneT rCeuli, saimedo kacebi. centraluri Stabis misamarTia _ “muxa”. saqarTvelos partizanTa mTavari Stabis mindobilobiT _ “samferi” (10. 57-58). Cekas mier 1923-1924 wlebSi dapatimrebuli erovnul-demokratiuli partiis cekas wevrebi mixeil javaxiSvili da iason javaxiSvili TavianT CvenebebSi miuTiTebdnen, rom daviT vaCnaZis mier Sedgenili dokumentebis Sesaxeb araferi icodnen; edp-s xelmZRvanelobis ZiriTadi nawili da “damkomi” ajanyebis winaaRmdegi iyo. mixeil javaxiSvilis TqmiT, “uceb daiwyo duSeTis istoria. es CvenTvis sruliad moulodneli ram iyo. mxolod Semdeg gavigeT im brZanebis Sesaxeb, romelic vaCnaZes Tavisi nebiT gaeca” (10. 58-59); “werili... Tumca Stabis saxeliT urCevda ColoyaSvils gamosvlisaTvis momzadebuliyo, magram misi avtori mxolod TviT daTa vaCnaZe iyo. cekas da paritetul komitets azraTac ar hqonia gamosvla. amisaTvis vaCnaZe gamoricxul iqna cekas Semadgenlobidan. “samferi” vaCnaZis zedmeti saxelia” (iason javaxiSvili) (10. 58; 22. 13-14). 1922 wlis ajanyebis monawilis _ mixeil laSqaraSvilis mogonebebSi daculi cnobis mixedviT, sadireqtivo werili da “brZaneba # 1” marto daviT vaCnaZes ar Seudgenia, maT SemuSavebaSi partizanTa mTavari samxedro-operatiuli Stabis wevrebi: rostom musxeliSvili, iliko maxaraZe da mixeil iSxnelic monawileobdnen da “brZaneba # 1”-s xelic erTad moaweres “samferis” saxeliT. m. laSqaraSvilis cnobiT, „polkovnik rostom musxeliSvilma maSinaTve moiwvia qveda Stabis, e. i. damxmare Stabis (anu partizanTa Stabis _ g. s.) wevrebi _ iliko maxaraZe, mixeil iSxneli da daviT vaCnaZe, romlebic partizanul mebrZolebs exmarebodnen. maT erTad daadgines brZaneba # 1, xelic moaweres „samferis“ saxeliT. brZaneba moiTxovda, rom yvelaferi Sesrulebuliyo ise, rogorc amas mTavari centraluri Stabi moiTxovda da es moTxovnileba da dadgenileba ki iyo is, rom ajanyebis dawyebis dRed iTvleboda 27 seqtemberi” (64. 13). TiTqmis analogiuri Sinaarsis informaciaa daculi “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSic”, sadac dapatimrebuli r. musxeliSvilis mier Cekas gamomZieblebisTvis 1923 wels micemuli Cvenebidan irkveva, rom “brZaneba # 1” 1922 wlis 20agvistos d. vaCnaZesTan erTad swored man Seadgina (10. 19). mixeil laSqaraSvilis TqmiT, “samferis” brZaneba Stabis wevrebma qaquca ColoyaSvilisTvis gadasacemad TbilisSi myof mis TanaSemwes _ Salva favleniSvils gadasces. am ukanasknels 1922 wlis ajanyebaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani roli ekisreboda: erTi mxriv, mas unda miewodebina qaqucasTvis informaciebi, werilebi da instruqciebi Tbilisidan; meore mxriv, rogorc Sida qarTlSi “zurgis damkvreli razmis” Seqmnis mTavari organizatori m. laSqaraSvili miuTiTebs, masac TbilisSi arsebul centralur StabTan kavSiri Salva favleniSvilis meSveobiT hqonda da “misgan vRebulobdi gegmebs mTavari Stabis dadgenilebebis mixedviT“ (64. 13). aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis da elizbar vaCnaZis mogonebebidan irkveva, rom Salva favleniSvili “SeficulTa” razms ivlisSi duSeTSi SeuerTda; maT mxardamxar ibrZoda Tvalivsa da maRaroskarTan gamarTul SetakebebSic da barisaxoSic SeficulebTan erTad dabanakda. agvistos dasawyisSi qaquca ColoyaSvilma Salva barisaxodan TbilisSi sagangebo davalebiT gagzavna: mas evaleboda, erTi mxriv, xevsa da gudamayarSi SeiaraRebuli xalxis mobilizeba samxedro gzis Sesakravad, “rom rusebi ar SemoeSva saqarTveloSi” (106. 123-124); garda amisa, unda gaewia saerTo xelmZRvaneloba gorisa da duSeTis mazrebSi ukve arsebuli an Seqmnis stadiaSi myofi partizanuli jgufebisTvis, raTa xevsureTSi gadamwyveti brZolebis dawyebis Semdeg, isini gaerTianebuliyvnen da saerTo ZalebiT mtrisTvis zurgidan daertyaT (115. 303). agvistos SuaxanebSi Salva favleniSvili TbilisSi dabrunda da, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, rostom musxeliSvilma, daviT vaCnaZem da partizanTa mTavari samxedro-operatiuli Stabis sxva wevrebma swored mas gadasces “samferis” saxeliT 26 ivlissa da 20 agvistos Sedgenili sadireqtivo werili da “brZaneba # 1” qaquca ColoyaSvilisTvis gadasacemad. samwuxarod, Salvam davalebis Sesruleba ver moaxerxa, radgan swored agvistos meore naxevarSi sabWoTa jarebi fSavSi Sevidnen da orwyalis gavliT xevsureTSi SeWras cdilobdnen. Sesabamisad, xevsureTis misadgomebTan mimdinare gaafTrebuli brZolebis dros, rodesac sabWoTa nawilebma saqarTvelos am kuTxeSi misasvleli yvela gza gadaketes, Salva favleniSvilma, mcdelobis miuxedavad, saidumlo dokumentebis qaqucasTvis gadacema veRar SeZlo. rogorc Cans, swored aRniSnul dokumentebzea saubari aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis mogonebebSi: “barisaxoSi kaci mogvivida Salikosagan: igi daniSnul dros, daTqmul alagas, kacis gagzavnas Txoulobda saidumlo paketis misaRebad da mosalaparakeblad. qaqucam me damniSna. man Tan gamayola erTi xevsuri, romelmac icoda is adgili, sadac Salikos unda Sevxvedrodi. cxenebiT mivediT daTqmul adgilas, magram aravin movida. daniSnul dros kidev ori dRe gadavameteT lodinSi, TumcaRa amaod. me dResac ar vici, Tu ra iyo imis mizezi, rom mas ver Sevxvdi... raxan misi mosvlis imedma Cailuris wyali dalia, me iq meti lodini aRar SemeZlo da xelcarieli davbrundi barisaxoSi” (106. 124). aqedan gamomdinare, qaquca ColoyaSvilma xevsureTis ajanyebis mTeli msvlelobis manZilze sadireqtivo werilisa da “brZaneba # 1”-is Sinaarsi ar icoda, radgan agvistos damdegidan is, faqtobrivad, mowyvetili iyo gare samyaros da saqarTveloSi, fSav-xevsureTs gareT, mimdinare procesebis Sesaxeb informaciul vakuumSi imyofeboda. Tumca isic aRsaniSnavia, kidec rom moexerxebina Salva favleniSvils da misTvis zemoaRniSnuli saidumlo dokumentebi gadaeca, maTSi arsebuli instruqciebis Sesrulebas qaquca mainc ver SeZlebda! rogor unda dawyebuliyo ajanyeba 27 seqtembers, rodesac agvistos Suaxanebidan xevsureTis SesasvlelTan, orwyalTan, sastiki brZolebi mimdinareobda?! aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom, rogorc Cans, arc TbilisSi myof politikosebs gaaCndaT zusti da konkretuli informacia fSav-xevsureTSi mimdinare movlenebze, ar icodnen, rom agvistos meore naxevridan ajanyebis beds dReebi ki ara, saaTebi wyvetdnen. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sxvagvarad rogor unda avxsnaT is faqti, rom 20 agvistodan moyolebuli (anu roca “samferis” brZaneba # 1 Seiqmna), seqtembris miwurulamde samoqmedo gegmaSi cvlileba ar momxdara da amboxebis dawyebis TariRad kvlav 27 seqtemberi rCeboda; TariRi, rodesac qaquca ColoyaSvilis amboxeba xevsureTSi ukve sabolood damarcxebuli iyo? am gegmiT xelmZRvanelobdnen mixeil laSqaraSvili, Salva favleniSvili, simon//simonika bagration-muxraneli da sxvebi, romelTa umTavres amocanas komunistebisTvis zurgidan dartyma warmoadgenda, rac, maTi warmodgeniT, 27 seqtembers unda momxdariyo. yvelafridan Cans, rom “Cekam” moaxerxa amboxebulebis dagegmilze adre brZolaSi Cabma, raTa maT Zalebis sabolood Sekreba ver daesrulebinaT da “es moZraoba ufro advilad gaenadgurebinaT. mizansac miaRwies“ (64. 13); ukve ajanyebis mimdinareobis procesSi Cekistebma fSav-xevsureTsa da mis farglebs gareT myof meamboxeebs erTmaneTTan komunikaciis yovelgvari saSualeba mouspes, ramac, sabolood, gamosvlis damarcxebis saqmeSi sabediswero roli iTamaSa. amasTan dakavSirebiT, Zvirfasi cnobebia daculi mixeil laSqaraSvilis mogonebebSi, romelic dawvrilebiT aRwers 1922 wels Sida qarTlSi “zurgis damkvreli razmis” SeqmnasTan da Semdeg mis daSlasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. Cekas agenti “georgaZe” 1923 wlis 23 ianvriT daTariRebul dasmenaSi aRniSnavda: “razmi organizebuli iqna kavTisxevis raionSi saqveynod ganTqmuli qaquca ColoyaSvilis mxardasaWerad. rodis daiwyo propaganda, Zneli dasadgenia, magram man gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT gamovlineba 1922 wlis gazafxulze miiRo... yvelaze saqmiani propagandisti iyo menSevikebis partiis wevri laSqaraSvili, moxerxebuli, mcodne, saerTod, goris mazraSi, gansakuTrebiT, kavTisxevis raionSi popularuli” (137. 267). rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, m. laSqaraSvils TbilisSi arsebul centralur StabTan kavSiri Salva favleniSvilis meSveobiT hqonda da misgan iRebda mTavari Stabis dadgenilebebs. misi TqmiT, “partizanebma mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT icodnen, rom ajanyeba 27 seqtembers unda dawyebuliyo, rogorc es mTavarma Stabma daadgina” (64. 13). arada, dro ar iTmenda, warmatebis miRwevis Sansi mxolod swrafi moqmedebebis SemTxvevaSi gaCndeboda. Cekas “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi” miTiTebulia, rom 1922 wlis agvistos meore naxevarSi wiTeli armiis Stabis ufrosi, polkovniki rostom musxeliSvili “kavkasiis gansakuTrebuli armiis revoliucionuri samxedro sabWos davalebiT wavida ColoyaSvilis bandebis moqmedebis raionSi (duSeTis mazra), rogorc saeqspedicio razmis Stabis ufrosi, im mizniT, rom Caeqro ColoyaSvilis mier mowyobili ajanyeba (10. 19). gamgzavrebis win rostom musxeliSvilma inaxula daviT vaCnaZe da uTxra: “mivdivar frontze... duSeTis axlos zurgis razmis dagroveba wesierad mimdinareobs. qarTlidanac miexmarebian. gavabi maTTan mWidro kavSiri. exla ki imedi maqvs Cemi gegma savsebiT ganvaxorcielo... an gamarjveba, an sikvdili... ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, Tqven, Tavis droze uambobT qarTvelebs rostom musxeliSvilis “moRalateobis” namdvil ambavs da mis cdas Cveni Cagruli xalxis ganTavisuflebisaTvis, mivdivar. maS, gamarjvebamdis!” gadavexvieT erTmaneTs. aCqarebuli nabijiT rostom musxeliSvili daeSva quCis daRmarTs. es iyo ukanaskneli Cveni Sexvedra” (40. 213). marTlac, wyaroebiT dasturdeba, rom agvistos bolos da seqtembris dasawyisSi duSeTis mazraSi Salva favleniSvili, xolo goris mazraSi _ mixeil laSqaraSvili partizanebis mobilizacias axdendnen “rusebisTvis zurgidan dasartymelad”. m. laSqaraSvilis cnobiT, is elodeboda Salva favleniSvilis instruqcias, romelic dafuZnebuli iqneboda mTavari Stabidan da qaqucadan miRebul brZanebebze, ris Semdegac Sida qarTlis razmi moqmedebas daiwyebda. 1922 wlis seqtembris dasawyisSi Salva favleniSvilma mixeil laSqaraSvils miswera: musxeliSvilma rusebis jari mTlianad _ sul 6000 jariskaci iaraRiT _ strategiuli mosazrebiT aragvis xeobaSi Segzavna. qaquca ColoyaSvili Tavisi razmiT da xevsurebiT maT pirispir ebrZvian; Cveni amocanaa “zurgidan davartyaT rusis jars“. Salva mixeil laSqaraSvils da sxva partizanebs avalebda, SeerTebodnen mas da saSa ximSiaSvils „duSeTis gverdiT, tyeSi“, sadac maT ukve mogrovili hyavdaT 400 partizani. werils Salva favleniSvili Semdegi sityvebiT amTavrebda: „daiZari Seni razmiT, iCqare, iCqare, dro ar iTmens, rusebi win miiweven xevsureTisken“. es iyo ajanyebis gadamwyveti momenti _ Tu “zurgis” partizanebi “iCqarebdnen” da sabWoTa jars moulodnelad Tavs daesxmebodnen, warmatebis Sansi gaizrdeboda. swored amis (siCqaris) imedi hqondaT rostom musxeliSvils da Salva favleniSvils. es ukanaskneli, paralelurad, qaquca ColoyaSvilisgan miRebuli davalebis Sesabamisad, SeiaraRebuli moxeveebis mobilizebas da maTi daxmarebiT samxedro gzis gadaketvas cdilobda. amas adasturebs mis mier 1922 wlis 8 seqtembers xevidan, sofel karkuCadan, qaqucasadmi gagzavnili werilic, romelmac adresatamde aseve ver miaRwia (137. 411-413). yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cvens gakvirvebas iwvevs mixeil laSqaraSvilis mogonebebSi daculi Semdegi cnoba: Salva favleniSvilis werilis miRebis Semdeg, man bevr meamboxes mouyara Tavi qvaTaxevis monasterSi da elodeboda „yoveldRe Stabisagan brZanebas, Tu romel wuTs daiwyeboda brZolis cecxli mtris winaaRmdeg. didi aRfrTovanebiT Sehyurebda glexoba am moments. monasterSi modiodnen mTielebi da barelebic. simxiaruliTa da yiJiniT vatarebdiT dros am lodinSi” (64. 13). swored es aris gasakviri: Salva favleniSvilma seqtembris dasawyisSi xom dabejiTebiT sTxova m. laSqaraSvils, axlave daiZari da SemomierTdi duSeTTan, radgan dro ar iTmens, rusebi win miiweven xevsureTiskeno? meti raRa Stabis brZanebis dalodeba undoda? TviTon ar aRniSnavs, Cemi mekavSire mTavar StabTan Salva favleniSvili iyoo? ra dros lodini, simxiarule da yiJina iyo, roca xevsureTSi zustad am dros Tavganwiruli, uTanasworo brZolebi mimdinareobda? ajanyebulebma Zvirfasi dro xelidan gauSves _ orwyalTan agvistos bolos gamarTuli brZolebis dros bolSevikebisTvis zurgidan, duSeTis mxridan, dartyma ver moaxerxes; xelsayreli viTarebiT verc seqtembris dasawyisSi, damarcxebuli wiTeli samxedro nawilebis fSav-xevsureTidan duSeT-Jinvalis mimarTulebiT ukan daxevisas isargebles. amiT xevsureTis omis pirveli etapi damTavrda. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, amis Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuflebam xevsureTze Seteva sul sxva mimarTulebidan, gudamayris xeobidan, gadawyvita, risTvisac 10 seqtembers Sesabamisi saidumlo gankargulebac gamosca. gudamayris mxridan mtrisTvis zurgSi moulodneli dartyma, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli iyo. qaquca ColoyaSvilis “SeficulTa” razmi da xevsurebi gudamayridan SemoWril komunistebTan sastik, sisxlismRvrel brZolebs fxitus mTaze seqtembris SuaxanebSi awarmoebdnen. aviaciiTa da mZime artileriiT SeiaraRebulma okupantebma ajanyebulebis damarcxeba SeZles da xevsureTSi SeiWrnen, ris Semdegac maT umTavres amocanad qaqucas mokvla an Sepyroba iqca. es ukanaskneli umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. da swored am dros, seqtembris meore naxevarSi, qvaTaxevis monasterTan dabanakebuli “zurgis damkvreli razmis” wevrebi, mTavari Stabidan ajanyebaSi maTi Cabmis Sesaxeb brZanebis miRebis molodinSi, dros “simxiaruliTa da yiJiniT” atarebdnen! TviTon mixeil laSqaraSvilis garda, aRniSnuli faqti “Cekas” agent “georgaZis” mier mopovebuli cnobebiTac dasturdeba. misi informaciiT, “1922 wlis 21 seqtembers ikribebodnen meamboxeebi qvaTaxevis monasterTan, sofel xandakidan 15 kilometrSi. aq iyvnen dabanakebulebi miSa laSqaraSvili da m. abulaZe. razmis saTaveSi idga simon bagration-muxraneli. ramdenime dRis Semdeg, mas es Tanamdeboba unda gadaeca polkovnik daTiko wereTlisTvis. 28 seqtembers yazbegis raionidan unda SematebodaT 50 meomari. kavSiri hqondaT Saliko favleniSvilTan, Zegvis xidis dacvasTan, mcxeTaSi mdgar javSanmatareblis xelmZRvanelobasTan da sxv. 29 seqtembers orad gayofili razmi unda dasxmoda Tavs duSeTs, ris Semdegac SeuerTdeboda Salva favleniSvilis razms. magram 28 seqtembers RamiT sof. xandakSi Camovida k. gabaevi, gamoiZaxa yvela xelmZRvaneli piri... man, xelisuflebis saxeliT, yvelas, vinc iaraRs dayrida, sruli amnistia aRuTqva. Semdeg molaparakeba mimdinareobda laSqaraSvilTan, rac imiT damTavrda, rom man msurvelebs daSlis winadadeba misca. saRamos centridan miiRes miTiTeba: ColoyaSvilis warumateblobis gamo, razmma aqtiuroba ar gamoavlinos da mcire jgufebad daiyos. diliT mTeli razmi daiSala... abulaZe, laSqaraSvili da bagration-muxranski miimalnen” (137. 269). zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, mixeil laSqaraSvilis, aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis, daviT vaCnaZis, aleqsandre baduraSvilis, solomon zaldastaniSvilis da sxv. mogonebebSi daculi cnobebi, romlis mixedviTac “uceb menSevikebis centris mowodebiT yvelaferi air-dairia; isini mouwodebdnen xalxs, rom es iyo kontrrevolucionerebis ajanyeba, Tavad-aznaurebisagan gamowveuli da mas ar ahyolodnen“ (mixeil laSqaraSvili), ramac “zurgis razmebis” daSla da, Sesabamisad, ajanyebis damarcxeba gamoiwvia, gazviadebulad gveCveneba. menSevikebma ajanyebis sawinaaRmdego propaganda seqtembris miwuruls daiwyes, rodesac fxitus mTasTan brZolebi ukve damTavrebuli da, Sesabamisad, ajanyebac damarcxebuli iyo. piriqiT, rogorc “sabralmdeblo daskvnidan” Cans, seqtembris bolos, “rodesac daiwyo ColoyaSvilis bandebis damarcxeba”, social-demokratiuli partiis duSeTis komitetis wevri nikoloz zandukeli rostom musxeliSvils Sexvda da acnoba, rom “gaerTianebuli Zalebi mzaT aris” da elian mis xelmZRvanelobas, razec am ukanasknelma mas sruliad marTebulad “winadadeba misca, SeeCerebina partizanuli moqmedeba, radganac im momentSi es iqneboda uazro da damRupveli” (10. 20-21). amis Semdeg “damkomis” Tavmjdomarem _ nikoloz qarcivaZem moiwvia samxedro pirebis sagangebo TaTbiri, romelsac daeswrnen: varden wulukiZe, aleqsandre andronikaSvili, kote afxazi da sxv. TaTbiris wevrebma miiRes gadawyvetileba, “ColoyaSvilis moqmedeba CagveTvala avantiurad” (10. 17-18). kidev erTi saintereso sakiTxi: ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg, Salva favleniSvilma qaquca ColoyaSvilTan da SeficulebTan SeerTeba veRar moaxerxa, igi ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi imaleboda, magram, samwuxarod, mas Cekistebma TbilisSi, gunibis quCaze, miagnes, sadac Tavis dasTan aralegalurad cxovrobda. 1922 wlis 20 noembers, gamTeniisas, 200 Cekisti moulodnelad Tavs daesxa avadmyof Salva favleniSvils, romelmac danebebas da jalaTebis xelSi Cavardnas sikvdili amjobina da iqve Tavi moikla. aRsaniSnavia, rom Cekistebma gardacvlilis Cxrekis dros “samferis” sadireqtivo werili da “brZaneba # 1” ipoves. Cvens gaocebas iwvevs is garemoeba, Tu ratom moxda, rom iseTma gamocdilma da frTxilma adamianma, rogoric Salva favleniSvili iyo, Tundac sicocxlis bolos ar gaanadgura aseTi mniSvnelovani da saidumlo informaciis Semcveli dokumentebi (40. 213; 67. 71). ganvagrZoT xevsureTSi myofi qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da “SeficulTa” razmis moqmedebebis aRwera. fxitus brZolis Semdeg, komunistebis umTavres mizans qaqucas mokvla an Sepyroba warmoadgenda. sabWoTa jaris sardlobam TianeTis mazris partiuli da samxedro organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebs xevsureTidan gamavali yvela gzisa da sacalfexo bilikis blokireba daavala. amis miuxedavad, qaquca ColoyaSvilma da SeficulTa nawilma xevsureTidan Tavis daRweva mainc moaxerxa. wyaroebSi da samecniero literaturaSi ar aris saerTo azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor da ra gziT SeZlo man alyis garRveva. zogierTi wyaros (s. zaldastaniSvili) cnobiT, alyaSemortymulma qaqucam brZoliT gaikafa gza fSavisken da CeCneTSi gadavida, saidanac imave wlis oqtomberSi kaxeTSi dabrunda (30. 24-25; 43. 14); al. sulxaniSvili zogadad aRniSnavs, rom bolSevikebi “qaqucas razmis xelSi Cagdebas cdilobdnen, magram iman RamiT alya gaarRvia da mSvidobianad gavida” (106. 134); al. baduraSvilic mokled wers, “Seficulebi fSavSi gadavidnen”-o, Tumca aRar uTiTebs, fSavidan maT gza romeli mimarTulebiT ganagrZes (11. 12-13); prof. g. SaraZes miaCnia, rom ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg, qaquca ColoyaSvili CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi gadavida, saidanac Semodgomaze kaxeTSi dabrunda (123. 156). Cven yvelaze marTebulad gveCveneba xevsureTis mkvidris, mkvlevar ivane liqokelis mosazreba, romelic fSav-xevsureTis mosaxleobaSi dacul zepir cnobebzea dafuZnebuli: Tavdapirvelad qaqucam Tavisi razmis ZiriTadi nawili fSavis da TuSeTis mTebis gziT gagzavna md. alaznis xeobaSi, xolo ramdenime dReSi Tavadac ramdenime razmelTan erTad fSavis gavliT kaxeTSi gadavida. “raime alyis garRveva da gzaze brZolebi ar yofila... mxolod kawalxevis kars, md. aragvis marjvena sanapiroze, gadaawydnen wiTlebis 5-6 kacian Casafrebul jgufs, romelsac meTaurobda Tbilisis miliciis erT-erTi ufrosi wurwumia. aq qaquca ColoyaSvilma Tvalis daxamxamebaSi mauzeris ramdenime jeriT martom mouRo bolo maT, xolo maTi iaraRi Tanamgzavrebs dauriga” (67. 125-130). fSavSi yofnis dros, ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi, qaquca ColoyaSvili sof. CargalSi cxovrobda, sadac mas axalgazrda Seficuli mixa xelaSvili maspinZlobda. am ukanasknelis qaliSvili Tamari SemdgomSi, Tavisi dedisa da mamidis monaTxrobze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnavda: “xevsureTidan CargalSi moiyvana mixam qaquca da misi amxanagebi. imaze ukeTes vaJkacs vera naxavda kacis Tvali. Zalian ki iyvis daRonebuli, dana ar uxsnida kbilsa... ramdenime dRe darCnen sofelSi. mixam fSauri tansacmeli moutana. imiT gamodiodis xalxTan sasaubrod, xalxi ki bevri modioda Zalian. mixa hyvanda Sikrikad da mekavSired. mudam fexis wverebze trialebda imis davalebis Sesasruleblad. sul Tval-warbSi Sehyurebda is ociode wlis balRi im Tavis belads da erTi saaTi aRar SeeZlo uimisod gaZleba, raiTra Seayvara Tavi im dalocvilma”. CargalSi yofnis dros qaquca ColoyaSvils ramdenime Sexvedra da xangrZlivi saubari hqonda Tavis uaxloes megobarTan _ levan razikaSvilTan, romelmac fSaurad gamowyobili qaquca erTi milicioneris TanxlebiT Carglidan, artanis Temze gavliT, pankisis xeobaSi gaacila. gamomSvidobebis dros qaqucam mas fSavis mosaxleobis ajanyeba daavala (30. 24-25; 67. 130-131). cota xnis Semdeg, TianeTis mazraSi myof saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ufrosis moadgiles ioviZes TianeTis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomarem _ sergo surgulaZem moaxsena, rom “maRaroskaris raionis miliciis ufross levan razikaSvils kavSiri hqonda bandit q. ColoyaSvilTan da gamoavlina miliciis brZolis TvalsazrisiT sruli umoqmedoba, TanagrZnobac ki, sakuTar Tavs uwodebda erovnul-demokrats. Cveni operaciis ganmavlobaSi banditebis winaaRmdeg fSav-xevsureTSi igi TviTneburad wavida samsaxuridan”. aRniSnuli moxsenebis safuZvelze ioviZem daadgina: “yovelive amis gamo, me gankarguleba gaveci daepatimrebinaT razikaSvili da yvela sabralmdebo masaliT gadaegzavnaT saqCekaSi” (137. 295-296). qaquca ColoyaSvilis da Seficulebis gadarCenis saqmeSi gadamwyveti roli miuZRoda polkovnik rostom musxeliSvils, romelmac mis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sabWoTa jaris kavaleria ise gadaajgufa, rom fSavidan kaxeTSi gadasasvleli gza Tavisufali darCeniliyo (137. 319). xevsureTis gmiruli ajanyebis dros mis Tavs gadaxdenili erT-erTi yvelaze dasamaxsovrebeli ambavi TviTon qaquca ColoyaSvilma SemdgomSi Tavis megobars _ Salva amirejibs uambo, romelmac mas SesaniSnavi narkvevi miuZRvna: `es iyo xevsureTis ajanyebis dros 1922 wels, seqtemberSi. q. duSeTTan Setakebis Semdeg, xevsureTSi gadavedi. xevsurebma sixaruliT mimiRes. unda icnobdeT mTis am qarTvelebs, gamocdilebs omSi da mosiyvaruleT Tavis qveynisa, rom gaigoT, ra ucbaT aRmiTqves daxmareba. Cemi saxeli gagonili hqondaT. amas garda, Cvens gvars mudam hqonda pativi am xalxSi, radganac istoriulad ColoyaSvilebi am kuTxis mouravebi iyvnen. am qveyanaSi yvelaferi Zvelis wesebiT imarTeba da xalxis umfros pirebad iTvlebian ara mTavrobis moxeleni, miT umetes, rusebi, aramed dekanozebi da gvaris uxucesni. isini gamocxaddnen CemTan da miTxres, rom mzaT arian rusebisTvis winaaRmdegoba gaewiaT. vis unaxavs es qveyana? vis unaxavs misi mTebi, Sefenili mwvaniT, zed asulis bilikebiT da iqidgan daqanebulis nakadulebiT! xalxi dResac rkinis perangs da Cafxuts atarebs, icis farikaoba da gulzed jvari aqvs amokerili, niSani, rom maTi mama-papani jvarosanTa omebSi yofilan. saRamo xans Cems Tvalebs saucxovo suraTi gadaeSala. soflis erTi koSkidgan Zaxili gaisma. es iyo gangaSi. es xma atyobinebda danarCen soflebs, rom xevsureTi oms iwyebda. dainTo cecxlebi da maxlobelma soflebma gangaSiTve upasuxes. erTi Ramis ganmavlobaSi yovelma xevsurma icoda, rom dilas iaraRiT unda gamosuliyo. amaze meti arc dro gvqonda. rusis jarebi, ricxviT eqvsi aTasi, fex da fex momdevdnen da Cemi kacebisagan wuTidan wuTze velodi maTi xevsureTSi Semosvlis ambavs. gudamayaris mxridgan Tofi gavarda. es mtris moaxloebis niSani iyo. me cxeni moviTxove da maxlobel mwvervalzed davbanakdi. oci kaci maSinve or wyalzed gavgzavne. es is adgili iyo, saidanac rusebi unda Semosuliyvnen. iq Casul Cem kacebs samasi SeiaraRebuli xevsuri daxvda. am adgilis mniSvneloba xevsurebma kargad icodnen da TavisiT mosuliyvnen. male xevsurebma sxva Semosavali adgilebic ase gaamagres da Cemis mxriv saerTo xelmZRvanelobaRa iyo saWiro. gaiara Ramemac da dilazed rusebma Semoteva daiwyes. tyvia zuzunebda da zarbazani grialebda. CemTan mxolod sami kaci iyo. es iyo mTeli Cemi Stabi. magram es simcire ar iyo Cemi gasaWiri. nabadSi gaxveuli miwaze vegde da cieba, ase xSiri Cvens partizanul yofaSi, Sedegi Cveni gamudmebuli miwazed wolisa, sulsa mRafavda. damewyo RamiT da dilazed sicxec momca. modiodnen kacebi, mohqondaT ambebi da mihqondaT brZaneba, magram, damijerebT, dResac ar vici, ra brZanebani iyvnen isini. ucbaT erTma xevsurma cxeni zed nabadzed momagdo. _ romelia ColoyaSvili? _ daiZaxa man. kacebma Cemzed miuTiTes. man damxeda da wamoiZaxa: _ ra drois wolaa, vaJau, ar gagigia, xevsureTs mteri moadga? me Sevxede. Cem win sul axalgazrda, uwverulvaSo xevsuri idga. mxarzed patrontaSi hqonda gadagdebuli, xelSi Tofi eWira da ubelo cxenze ijda. me isev Tvalis daxuWva mindoda, im imediT, rom pasuxs Cemebi gascemdnen, rom mosuls patrontaSis qveS qalis Ria mkerdi davunaxe. aseTi uCveulo garegnobis stumris mosvlam gamomarkvia da wamoviwie. vidre misi ucnauri mosvlis mizezs vikiTxavdi, me TviT mindoda amexsna mizezi Cemi wolisa, radganac mosuli qali iyo eWvs gareSe da mis sityvebzed, cota ar iyos, Tavi uxerxulad vigrZeni. _ avada var, _ wavilaparake me. _ gana sikvdili avadmyofs ar SeuZlian? orwyalSi omia! _ mipasuxa man. _ vina xar, disav? _ vkiTxe, roca davatyve, rom Cemi stumari Cveulebriv qals ar hgavda. _ mze-qals meZaxian, araSulis qali! netai, Tu Senc ColoyaSvili xar? _ gaxlavar. ras mibrZaneb? _ brZaneba Seni iyos, me orwyalzed minda migacilo. xevsurni gelodebian. omia! _ sTqva da TvalebSi CamaSterda. me aRaraferi gamomikiTxavs da mxolod mivxvdi, rom wausvleloba ar iqneboda. ase fiqrobdnen, albaT, Cemi amxanagebic, radganac Cems xsenebazed _ cxeni moeyvanaT, winaaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT. SevsxediT da wavediT. win mze-qala migviZRoda. me Tavbru mesxmoda da unagirze Zlivs vijeqi, miT ufro, rom mze-qalas ubiliko daRmarTebiT mivyavdi Zirs. tyvia zuzunebda, magram amas yuradRebas ar aqcevda. uTuod ikiTxavT, vin gamogzavna? aravin! rogor momagno, arc is vici! vici mxolod, rom Cemi kacebisagan ar iyo gamogzavnili. erT sofels rom gavuswordiT, cxeni Semoatriala da sofels erTi magrad dasWyivla, saxlSi darCenilebs uZaxoda. soflidgan mxolod ZaRlma gagvca xma. _ beCau, ukacod ZaRlic codoa marto. sCans, yvelani wasulan _ Cailaparaka man. mxolod aq gavarCie kargad misi saxe. iqneboda Tvrameti wlisa. saxe hqonda kuSti da eSxiani, iseTi, rogorsac gvixataven yazbegi da vaJa-fSavela Tavis mTiulur moTxrobebSi. mkerdi CamoReRili hqonda, rogorc vTqvi da mxrebze Savi Tma eyara. tuCebi im garegani silamaziT hqonda awyobili, rom mTel mis arsebas mSvels amsgavsebda. isev gzas gavudeqiT. mze-qala isev win migviZRoda, magram xma ar amouRia. garegnoba mTlad ver Sescvlida da, albaT, wminda qaluri mokrZalebiT iyo moculi, radganac, rac unda iyos, ukan mxolod mamakacebi mivsdevdiT. Cvenebis safrebs rom mivuaxlovdiT, mze-qala uceb dagvcilda, daiZaxa Cemi saxeli mTeli xeobis gasagonad da mtrisaken Tofi dascala. brZolam ramdensame dRes gastana. rusebi gvitevdnen, xevsurebi ukan erekebodnen da TiTqos sjabnidnen kidec, magram maTi artileria Cven soflebs zurgzed bols adenda. am xnis ganmavlobaSi mze-qalam ramdenjerme Camiqrola win. isev is Ria mkerdi, isev is ubelo cxeni, is patrontaSi mxarze da Tofi xelSi! magram, ar vici ratom, CemTan erTxelac ar SeCerebula. TiTqos misTvis aRar varsebobdi, magram usaqmod erTxelac ar yofila: xan Cveni sangrebis wina rigebSi ijda da mamakacebTan erTad isroda, xan karga xniT sadRac gaqreboda da mohyavda axali xalxi, vinc raime mizeziT aqamdis CvenTan ver mosuliyo. am xnis ganmavlobaSi is iyo srolaSiac da Semoirbina TiTqmis mTeli xevsureTi. rusebs undodaT Cveni xevsureTSi Serekva, iq Caketva da tyved wayvana. gegma swori iyo, radganac Tu xevsureTSi mogvamwyvdevdnen, gamosvla Zneli iqneboda. isini erTxel kidev gadmovidnen ieriSzed da xevsurebs daaxevines. amave dros patara razmiT, me TviTon Semovuare maT, rusebi Cemsa da xevsurebs Soris moeqcnen da, amrigad, TviTon rusebi miSlidnen xels, daxeul xevsurebs mec Tan gavyolodi. am dRidgan aRarc mze-qala minaxavs. gaiara xanma, me bevri adgili gamovicvale. bolos, iZulebuli Seviqeni droebiT saqarTvelo dametovebina da CeCneTSi mimavals, gza isev xevsureTzed medo. rusebi wasuliyvnen. daewvaT soflebi, gaerekaT saqoneli, daecarcvaT saxlebi da daexvritaT xalxi. daxvretilTa Soris xuTi qalic eria. unda gvefiqra, rom am xuTSi mze-qalac iqneboda, magram mze-qalas ambavi sul sxvanairad miambes: daxevis dros xevsurebi mTebSi wavidnen da pirveli sofeli, romelSiac gamarjvebuli rusebi Sevidnen, mze-qalas sofeli iyo. qalebi, bavSvebi da moxucebulni ajanyebulT gahyvnen. cariel sofels rusebma zarbazani dauSines. srola rom Sewyda, sofels rusi saldaTebi moedvnen da daiwyes Cveulebrivi carcva. jariskacTa erTi jgufi mze-qalas saxlisakenac gaemarTa. saxlidgan ori tyvia gamovarda da ori jariskaci mohkla, rusebma sroliTve upasuxes. boli rom ganibna da rusebi saxlSi Sevidnen, miwazed axalgazrda qalis usulo gvami naxes. mokluli mze-qala iyo! roca sofeli xalxisagan daicala, is mainc Tavis saxlSi darCeniliyo da fici daedo, Tavis kerazed rusi ar gaetarebina. mze-qalam sityva Seasrula da rusebi mxolod misi sikvdilis Semdeg Sevidnen mis saxlSi. rusis tyvia swored im adgilas moxvedroda, romelic mze-qalas iseTis umanko mourideblobiT dahqonda – Ria mkerdSi, magram patrontaSi isev mxarzed hqonda da Tofic xelSi CarCenoda. Tavzed ubelo cxeni adga~ (6. 3; 126. 213-216). mzeqalas gmiruli aRsasrulis ambavs mogviTxrobs Tavis mogonebebSi aleqsandre sulxaniSvilic: “aseTi SemTxveva miambo erTma xevsurma: pirvelsave dRes, roca rusebi pirvel sofel akuSoSi Sediodnen, erTi xevsuri qali, mzeqala, Turme, erTi saxlis banze wamowolila, im dros, rodesac misi Zma CvenTan imyofeboda, Zmis TofiT dauwyia srola da aravin SeuSvia sofelSi, sanam tyvia ar Semolevia. mas xuTi Tu eqvsi rusi mouklavs da mere ki misTvisac uwevia mtris tyvias” (106. 137-138). ivane liqokelma gamoarkvia, rom xevsureTis omis dros daiRupa ara xuTi, aramed mxolod erTi qali; da ara sofel akuSos, aramed sofel baqCvilos mkvidri mzeqala liqokeli (67. 150). elizbar mayaSvilis cnobiT, ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg, qaqucam Seficulebs “mokle, magram mgrZnobiare sityviT mihmarTa da Semdegi sityvebiT daamTavra: “msxverpli gaviReT. umsxverplod brZola ar arsebobs, magram agreTve vimsxverpleT bevri mteri. brZola, ymawvilebo, ar damTavrebula! brZola isev grZeldeba, ufro mZlavrad, erTsulovnobiT. CvenTan erTad mTeli saqarTvelo aris da male aisxams iaraRs mterTa Sesamusravad. Cven ki vagrZelebT Cvens wminda saqmes da brZolas dampyrobel rusTa winaaRmdeg” (75. 28). 1922 wlis oqtomberSi qaquca ColoyaSvili “SeficulTa” razmis nawilTan erTad kaxeTis mTianeTSi dabrunda. man saswrafod aRadgina kavSiri TbilisSi moqmed politikur da samxedro centrebTan. Tavdapirvelad, Seficulebi siRnaRis mazraSi binadrobdnen. swored aq, lagodexis tyeebSi, qaqucas Zma _ siko mokles, rasac al. sulxaniSvili (romelic maSin Crdilo kavkasiaSi imaleboda), sxva Seficulebis monaTxrobze dayrdnobiT, Semdegnairad aRwers: “iqvea osebis ramdenime sofeli. Turme, erTma osma gasca maTi bina. razms Cumad mihparvian sami mxridan da autexiaT srola. am srolaSi razmelebs 4-5 partiuli, Tu milicioneri mouklavT. rodesac danarCenebi gaqceulan da srola Semwydara, razmelebs mosinjva dauwyiaT imis dasadgenad, Tu saidan mieparnen. gansvenebuli siko Turme TiTiT uCvenebda: “ai, im bardebidan daiwyes srola”-o. swored am TiTiT Cvenebis wams gavardnila Tofi da mouklavT ara marto siko, aramed kidev erTi Seficulic _ axalgazrda qarTleli baRdo (kaxuaSvili _ g. s.)... rogorc Semdgom garkveula, im bardebSi darCenila erTi daWrili osi da imas mouklavs is ori kaci. ra Tqma unda, isic iqve wauklavT maTTvis, magram raRa dros” (106. 144-145). qaqucam Rirseulad gadaitana sayvareli Zmis dakargva, igi tyeSi dakrZala da brZola ganagrZo. mis mokvlas, dapatimrebas an Semorigebas (bolSevikebisgan gamogzavnil Suakacebs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli iumoriT pasuxobda, Rvinis smaSi xom ar mogvsvlia usiamovneba, rom meore dRes SevrigdeTo) rom veranairad axerxebda, sabWoTa xelisufleba yvelanairad cdilobda “SeficulTa” razmis diskreditacias, xalxis masebisgan Camocilebas, uaryofiTi sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmnas, uwodebda “yaCaRTa bandas”, “mZarcvelebs”, “xalxis mtrebs”, avrcelebda aTasgvar binZur Wors, gegmavda razmSi 15 agenti-informatoris Segzavnas (TiToeul maTgans gasamrjelod 50 maneTs pirdeboda), SeficulebisTvis sursaTis miwodebisTvis glexebs xvretdnen da sxv. am saqmianobas saqarTvelos “Cekas” faqtobrivi mmarTveli, misi saidumlo-operatiuli ganyofilebis ufrosi lavrenti beria xelmZRvanelobda (30. 26; 89. 13; 137. 293). al. sulxaniSvili mogviTxrobs komunistebis mier maTi saxelis gasatexad mogonili erT-erTi meTodis Sesaxeb: “rodesac komunisturma xelisuflebam dainaxa, rom ColoyaSvilma da misma razmma didi saxeli moixveWa saqarTveloSi, sadac mTeli xalxi mxars gviWerda, miiRo yovelgvari zomebi, rom xalxis TvalSi Cveni saxeli gaetexa. jer saerTod gviwodebdnen yaCaRebis bandas... komunistebs rom ufro advilad daerwmunebiaT xalxi Cvens “yaCaRobaSi”, aseTi ram mogviwyes: q. Telavis maxloblad alazanze aris xidi, romelsac ewodeba “Saqriani xidi”. xidis orive mxare tyiT aris moculi. Zvelad am adgilebSi xSirad xdeboda Zarcva da mkvleloba. komunistebma am tyesTan ramdenimejer Sekres gza da gamvlel da gamomvlels sZarcvamdnen. zogs Sarvlebic Caxades. eseni iyvnen Cekistebi, SeiaraRebulni da Cacmulni, rogorc Cveni razmelebi. winaswar iyvnen momzadebulni, rom xalxis Zarcvis dros erTmaneTisTvis miemarTaT Cveni saxelebiT: elizbar, saSa, badur, rafo da sxva. da rac mTavaria, am saxelebs xSirad imeorebdnen, rom gaZarculebs TavSi CarCenodaT razmelebis saxelebi. amas iqamde aWarbebdnen, rom sawyali xalxi kidec daeWvebulan. garda amisa, am gaZarculebSi ramdenime aRmoCnda iseTi, romelnic Cven kargad gvicnobda da, cxadia, maT vin daajerebda, rom es banditebi Cveni razmelebi iyvnen. mere es nacnobebi TviTon gveaxlen da mTeli es suraTi agviweres. msgavs provokaciul maxeebs xSirad gvigebdnen komunistebi, magram mizans ver miaRwies. xalxi ki mixvda, rom banditobas TviTon komunistebi eweodnen da Cvendami ndoba ufro gaizarda” (110. 10). aRsaniSnavia, rom qaquca ColoyaSvilic yvelanairad cdilobda, mieRo rac SeiZleba sando da detaluri cnobebi amierkavkasiaSi dislocirebuli sabWoTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. amasTan dakavSirebiT, 1925 wels Sedgenil “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi” daculia “SeficulTa” razmis wevris, 1923 wels dapatimrebuli giorgi gverdwiTelis Semdegi Sinaarsis Cveneba: “ColoyaSvili maCvenebda xolme tfilisidan miRebul “okas” saidumlo brZanebebs, romlebSiac gamocxadebuli iyo “okas” yvela nawilebis dislokacia da, agreTve, mtris sawinaaRmdego samxedro moqmedeba. am brZanebebs ColoyaSvils ugzavnida yofili polkovniki Tavadi leoniZe, romelic saidumlod muSaobda centrSi da, amasTan, wiTeli armiis komandiris gekeris adiutantic iyo” (10. 89-90). 1922 wlis dekembris SuaxanebSi, bevri wvalebisa da Tavgadasavlis Semdeg, xevsureTis ajanyebis dros razmis ZiriTad nawils mowyvetili aleqsandre sulxaniSvili, aleqsandre baduraSvili, Salva kandelaki da daTiko fareuliZe Seficulebs SeuerTdnen, romlebic imxanad ukve “matnis Tavis, e. w. mTawmindis tyeebSi” iyvnen dabanakebulebi. “imdenad Zlier dagvdevda xelisufleba, rom yovel mazraSi hyavdaT gamoyofili didi mdevari. amis gamo frTxilobda razmi da xSir-xSirad icvlida Tavis adgilsamyofels” (106. 141). al. sulxaniSvilis mogonebebSi daculia Zvirfasi cnoba 1922 wlis bolos qaqucasa da misi biZis _ Saqro ColoyaSvilis Sexvedris Sesaxeb. erT Rames qaquca da aleqsandre sulxaniSvili sofel matanSi, ColoyaanT cixeSi, mcxovreb, daaxloebiT 75 wlis, Saqro ColoyaSvils saidumlod estumrnen. es iyo “zorba mamakaci TovliviT TeTri mokle wveriT, didi darbaiseli da simpaTiuri adamiani... Saqros Zalian gauxarda Zmiswulis naxva, qurdi cremlic ki gadmougorda Tvalidan, magram male gaimagra guli da xvewna dagviwyo, rom imasTan gvevaxSma. Cven uari vuTxariT, radgan safrTxilo iyo iq didi xniT darCena. cota xnis Semdeg, igi meore oTaxSi gavida, saidanac Zveleburi xanjali gamoitana da man am sityvebiT ufeSqaSa is qaqucas: “ai, Cemo Zmiswulo, es mama-papuri xanjali Sena gqondes Cveni mtrebis gansagmiravad. vici, Sen ufro gauTqvam saxels Cvens gvars saqarTvelos sadideblad” (106. 146). imave al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, qaquca ColoyaSvilis dedas, ukve xandazmul daria//daro gogniaSvilsa da ufros Zmas _ Saqro ColoyaSvils xSirad ibarebdnen dasakiTxad “CekaSi”, raTa maTgan “SeficulTa” razmis adgilsamyofeli gaegoT. erTxel, Cekistebis gauTavebeli dakiTxvebiT gabrazebulma daro gogniaSvilma maT uTxra: “me ras CamcivebixarT, is iq aris, sadac unda iyos; is mgelia, Tqven _ ZaRlebi; wadiT da daiWireT, Tu Sno gaqvT”. imis Semdeg Tavi daanebes qaqucas dedas” (106. 146). samagierod, 1922 wlis bolos an 1923 wels sabWoTa xelisuflebam, xangrZlivi mcdelobis Semdeg, daiyolia qaquca ColoyaSvilis ufrosi Zma _ Saqro masTan molaparakebis gasamarTavad, brZolis Sewyvetasa da emigraciaSi wasvlasTan dakavSirebiT. erT dRes Saqro Seficulebis banakSi mivida. Zmebis saubars al. sulxaniSvilic daeswro. misi TqmiT, “am laparakis dros me iq viyavi piradad da Cemi yuriT mesmoda yvelaferi. am molaparakebaSi erTi winadadeba ar aris dawerili visime gadmocemiT... Saqrom qaqucas uTxra: “ai, mTavrobam gamomgzavna SenTan mosalaparakeblad. pirveli, Txouloben pasuxs: ra mizeziT gvebrZvis, ras moiTxovs, ra undao? meorec, winadadebas gaZleven, rom Seni razmiT sazRvargareT gaxvide. fuls ramdensac moiTxovs, miiRebso. Tuki ar gvendoba, sazRvarze gadasvlis dros mTavrobidan moiTxovos mZevlad, vinc unda da, rodesac sazRvarze gadavlen, mZevali umtkivneulod unda gaaTavisuflon, Torem Tu mokles, mTel imaT naTesavebs daxvreten”-o. Saqrom rom Tavis saTqmeli daamTavra, qaqucam upasuxa: “damoukideblobis dros saqarTvelos social-demokratebi udgnen saTaveSi. Cven Zalian ar mogvwonda maTi saqcieli, magram saqarTvelo damoukidebeli iyo, mTavrobac qarTuli iyo da Cven gulmodgined vemsaxurebodiT mas, miuxedavad imisa, rom bevr rameSi ar veTanxmebodiT. rad SemouZRvnen rusis jars da vai-vaglaxiT mopovebuli damoukidebloba xelmeored ratom Caabares rusebs? Tu qarTvel ers moswons bolSevikuri xelisufleba, Cven winaaRmdegni ar viqnebiT da isev ise vemsaxurebiT mas, rogorc es iyo menSevikuri mTavrobis dros, oRond ki rusis jari gaiyvanon da saqarTvelo damoukidebeli iyos. rac Seexeba maT winadadebas, rom imden fuls mogvcemen, ramdenic gvinda, Cemi ufrosi Zma ki xar, magram amisTana davalebiT CemTan aRar moxvide... Cven patriotebi varT. CvenTvis saqarTvelos Tavisufleba da misi sidiade aris Zvirfasi da ara _ fuli. Cven imaTTana avantiuristebi da samSoblos moRalateni ara varT, romlebmac gayides saqarTvelos WiriTa da vaglaxiT mopovebuli damoukidebloba, da Tu kidev SerCeniaT erTi bewo raime qarTuli, rogorc SemouZRvnen rusebs, iseve moaxerxon maTi Tavidan moSoreba. Cven vibrZolebT saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis, manamdisin SevZlebT, da Tu Cven ver SevZeliT am diadi saqmis sisruleSi moyvana, momavali Taoba gaagrZelebs Cvens mier dawyebul saqmes. ai, es yvelaferi, rac me giTxar, maT gadaeci”... am saubris Sedegad Seqmnili arasasiamovno atmosferos Semdeg, sakmarisad daRonebuli gamovemSvidobeT erTmaneTs orive mxare” (106. 147-148). 1922 wlis bolos rusi dampyroblebis batonobis qveS moqceulma saqarTvelom morigi umZimesi dartyma iwvnia _ 10 dekembers amierkavkasiis sabWoebis pirvelma yrilobam amierkavkasiis respublikebi: saqarTvelo, somxeTi da azerbaijani sabWoTa socialistur federaciul respublikad gaaerTiana. amierkavkasiis federacia erT erTeulad Sevida 1922 wlis 30 dekembers sakavSiro sabWoebis I yrilobaze Seqmnil ssr kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi. amieridan saqarTvelos waarTves politikuri damoukideblobis is ukanaskneli natamalic ki, rac mas gasabWoebis Semdeg SerCa (22. 5; 25. 119; 52. 2; 111. 243). 1923 wlis 1 ianvars Seficulebi kvlav sofel matnis maxloblad, mTawmindis tyeebSi, Sexvdnen. am dros razmi 40 kacisgan Sedgeboda (106. 159). ianvris damdegs qaquca ColoyaSvili “saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis” gankargulebaSi gadavida, rasac adastureben iason javaxiSvili (“Cekas” gamomZieblisTvis micemul CvenebaSi), da solomon zaldastaniSvili (Tavis mogonebebSi). iason javaxiSvili: “Tumca kavSiri ColoyaSvilTan mudam nac.-dem. cekas eWira, magram formalurad igi ukve 1923 wlis dasawyisidan iTvleboda paritetul komitetTan da am ukanasknelis fuliT arsebobda. yovelTviurad mas orasi lira egzavneboda” (10. 63). solomon zaldastaniSvili: „kaxeT-xevsureTis ajanyebis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi ramdenime Tve siCume Camovarda... 1923 wlis ianvarSi ukve yvela partielebma xelaxlad gaaCaRes muSaoba da mTel saqarTveloSi mas misces organizaciuli xasiaTi... ianvris pirvel ricxvebSi erovnul-demokratiuli partiis davalebiT vinaxule qaquca, gavacani saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, “damkomisa” da “samxedro centris” muSaoba; aRvniSneT susti mxareebi kaxeT-xevsureTis gamosvlisa. am dRidan qaquca ColoyaSvili Tavisi razmiT, Cveni partiis rCeviTa da saSualebiT, gadavida “damkomis” gankargulebaSi. man piroba mogvca, rom is gamosvlas mxolod “damkomis” dasturiT moaxdenda. marTali unda iTqvas, rom mTeli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi es piroba mis mier ar darRveula. adgilsac rom icvlida, amasac ki “samxedro komisiis” SeTanxmebiT axdenda. iaraRze, tansacmelze da fulze zrunvac (ramdenadac SesaZlebeli iyo) “samxedro komisias” uxdeboda. fulis mxriv “damkomi” mudam Raribi iyo da, amitomac, qaquca da sxva razmebic did gaWirvebas ganicdidnen” (43. 15-16). 1923 weli amierkavkasiis sabWoTa socialistur federaciul respublikasa da sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis kavSirSi iZulebiT gawevrianebuli saqarTvelosTvis gasul welze mZime gamodga. am droidan kompartiam da “Cekam” kidev ufro gaaZlieres Seteva saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZolTa winaaRmdeg. guriaSi tyeSi gaWrili manwkavas partizanuli razmis winaaRmdeg sagangebod gagzavnilma sadamsjelo eqspediciam yofili yaCaRis da katorRelis, Semdeg gabolSevikebuli aleqsandre (saSa) obolaZis meTaurobiT, marTalia, manwkava da misi razmi ver moixelTa, samagierod, daundoblad gausworda mSvidobian mosaxleobas. obolaZis brZanebiT, ara erTi adamiani daxvrites da maTi gasisxlianebuli gvamebi yvav-yornebis da ZaRlebis sajijgnaT dahyares ozurgeTSi Semaval gzebze, raTa aseTi gulSemzaravi suraTiT teroris qveS daeyenebinaT xalxi. obolaZem dawva manwkavas Zmis _ vasilis saxli, ra drosac Tavis xeliT cecxlis alSi Caagdo da cocxlad dawva saxlis patronis 12 wlis vaJi. mosaxleobas moTminebis fiala aevso. 1923 wlis 10 Tebervals manwkavas megobarma gogia Rlontma, ramdenime TanamebrZolTan erTad, ozurgeTis mazris sofel lixaurSi yumbaris afeTqebiT mokla aleqsandre obolaZe da misi Tanmxlebi ori wiTeli meTauri. xelisuflebam es faqti mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT kidev ufro sastiki represiebis dawyebis sababad gamoiyena. man sisxliT morwya mTeli guria. imave 10 Tebervlis saRamos Cekistebma ozurgeTis cixidan gaiyvanes 13 udanaSaulo patimari da obolaZis mkvlelobis adgilas daxvrites. ramdenime dReSi guriaSi 150-ze meti adamiani gamoasalmes sicocxles. represiebi mZvinvarebda TbilisSic. erT RameSi Tbilisis cixidan 92 kaci gamoiyvanes da gausamarTleblad daxvrites, maT Soris, social-demokrati xuxunaiSvili, saqarTvelos yofili elCi ukrainaSi vaCeiSvili, lanCxuTis gimnaziis direqtori TargamaZe da sxv. sadamsjelo razmis ufrosis Tanamdebobaze a. obolaZe saSineli sisastikiTa da ulmobelobiT ganTqmulma ilarion (valiko) talaxaZem Secvala, romelic misTvis saeWvo pirebs matareblis vagonebSi mauzeriT xvretda. talaxaZem daxvretasa da dawvas gadarCenil glexobas autaneli gadasaxadi dauwesa, mzis Casvlis Semdeg saxlidan gasvla aukrZala da sxv. (19. 38-39; 21. 32-34; 33. 110-111; 59. 128; 60. 64-65; 77. 6; 88. 3; 101. 36-37; 111. 254; 124. 106; 133. 232-233; 137. 296). 1923 wlis 16 Tebervals, Ramis 2 saaTze, saqarTvelos Cekas prezidiumis 13 Tebervlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze, daxvrites vaJa-fSavelas ufrosi vaJi, qaquca ColoyaSvilis megobari, 35 wlis levan razikaSvili. amao gamodga qarTveli sazogadoebriobis Txovna, romlis saxeliTac saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris Tavmjdomarem kote mayaSvilma da mdivanma m. boWoriSvilma 1922 wlis 20 dekembers saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisias Semdegi Sinaarsis mimarTva gaugzavnes: “cnobili qarTveli poetis vaJa-fSavelas Svili levan razikaSvili oTxi Tvea, rac zis q. tfilisis # 2 gamasworebel saxlSi. vaJa-fSavelas darCa ojaxi Semdgari 5 sulisgan da mTel ojaxze mzrunveloba awevs mas. saqarTvelos mweralTa sabWo imedovnebs, rom saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis kolegia miiRebs mxedvelobaSi yovelive zemoT aRniSnuls, pativs scems saqarTvelos siamayes poet vaJa-fSavelas xsovnas da daaCqarebs ra levan razikaSvilis saqmis garCevas, gaanTavisuflebs mas sapatimrodan”. moxda piriqiT, sadisti saSa obolaZis mkvlelobidan ramdenime dReSi qaquca ColoyaSvilis TanamoazreobaSi braldebuli levan razikaSvili daxvrites. dRes sayovelTaodaa cnobili sergo orjonikiZis fraza, romelic man vaJa-fSavelas vaJis Sewyalebis mizniT masTan misuli qarTveli mwerlebisa da sazogado moRvaweebis _ pavle ingoroyvas, aleqsandre abaSelis da sxv. winaSe warmoTqva: “mas ki ara, cocxali rom iyos, axla TviT vaJa-fSavelasac davxvretdiTo!” (67. 78, 198; 136; 137. 138-139, 294-296). samwuxarod, 1923 wlis martSi “Cekam”, didi xnis Zebnis Semdeg, Ralatis wyalobiT, moaxerxa saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebis mizniT Seqmnili samxedro organizaciis _ “samxedro centris” xelmZRvanelebis, 15 cnobili qarTveli generlisa da sxvadasxva Cinis oficris dapatimreba. eseni iyvnen: generlebi konstantine (kote) afxazi, aleqsandre andronikaSvili, varden wulukiZe, polkovnikebi rostom musxeliSvili, aleqsandre maWavariani, dimitri Crdileli, giorgi (gogi) ximSiaSvili, rotmistrebi simon bagration-muxraneli, farnaoz yaralaSvili, leitenanti levan klimiaSvili, samxedro moxele mixeil zandukeli, iason kereseliZe, simon WiabriSvili, ivane quTaTelaZe da elizbar gulisaSvili. TiTqmis sami Tve mimdinareobda tusaRebis araadamianuri tanjva-wameba, magram jalaTebma maTi sulieri simtkicis gatexva ver SeZles. 1923 wlis 19 maiss gaimarTa amierkavkasiisa da saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiaTa gafarToebuli sxdoma amierkavkasiis sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomaris _ solomon mogilevskis xelmZRvanelobiT. sxdomas eswrebodnen: pankratovi, zonovi, maxnovski, nikolaevi, kvantaliani, beria, miqelaZe, eliava, oraxelaSvili da lominaZe. maT dapatimrebulebs, romlebic sxdomas, rasakvirvelia, ar eswrebodnen, wauyenes braldeba: “saqarTvelos sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebis mowyoba, saqarTveloSi bandituri moZraobis Seqmna da masSi monawileoba, antantis sasargeblo SpionaJi, muSur-glexuri saxelmwifos gacema da Ralati” da miusajes daxvreta, rac meore dResve, 20 maiss, moiyvanes sisruleSi qalaqgareT, dRevandeli vakis parkis midamoebSi (22. 15; 33. 111; 38. 131; 40. 215; 41. 94; 43. 16-17; 57. 279; 59. 128; 60. 63-64; 92. 60; 93. 97-102; 111. 254; 118. 7). “samxedro centris” garda, represiebi Tavs daatyda “damkomis” wevrebsac. daapatimres misi Tavmjdomare nikoloz qarcivaZe, agreTve, erovnul-demokratiuli partiis centraluri komitetis umravlesoba, “axalgazrda marqsistebis” aralegaluri centraluri komiteti, menSevikTa Tbilisis komitetis mTliani Semadgenloba da a. S. swored am periodSi daatyveves Zveli revolucioneris _ nikoloz viborginis Svili, “axalgazrda marqsistebis” organizaciis wevri aneta, Caagdes sardafSi, sastikad awames da sicocxles gamoasalmes (59. 128; 60. 63-64; 133. 239). 1923 wlis 9 noembers Cekistebma daapatimres saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis miwaTmoqmedebis ministri noe xomeriki, romelic saqarTveloSi aralegalurad iyo Camosuli ajanyebis mosamzadeblad. amis miuxedavad, brZola ar Sewyvetila... "samxedro centris" nacvlad Seqmnilma "samxedro komisiam" didi muSaoba gaswia da xalxi axali ajanyebisTvis darazma. 1923 wels uqmad arc qaquca ColoyaSvili yofila _ jer "samxedro centris", xolo Semdeg “samxedro komisiis” davalebiT, igi intensiur molaparakebebs awarmoebda Crdilo kavkasiel CeCnebTan da daRestnelebTan, mTeli kavkasiis masStabiT erTiani, mZlavri antirusuli ajanyebis mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT. pirveli mcdeloba qaqucas am mimarTulebiT jer kidev 1922 wlis xevsureTis ajanyebis dros hqonda, rodesac man daxmarebis TxovniT CeCneTSi al. sulxaniSvili gagzavna. CeCnebi qaqucas Txovnas sixaruliT gamoexmaurnen da saqarTveloSi gamosagzavni razmis Sekrebac daiwyes, magram maT Camosvlamde xevsureTis ajanyeba damarcxda, Sesabamisad, aRniSnul etapze Crdilo kavkasielebis antirusul brZolaSi Cabmis saWiroeba moixsna. qaquca ColoyaSvilma Crdilo kavkasielebTan molaparakebebi 1923 wlis aprilSi ganaaxla, rodesac CeCneTSi sagangebo misiiT kvlav al. sulxaniSvili miavlina. es ukanaskneli jer aTabei umaevs, xolo Semdeg, misi meSveobiT, CeCneTis yvelaze gavlenian pirovnebas _ ali mitaevs (miTaevs) Sexvda. molaparakebam kargad Caiara; gadawyda, rom ali mitaevTan Sesaxvedrad CeCneTSi TviTon qaquca ColoyaSvili gadavidoda (106. 176-193). marTlac, 1923 wlis gazafxulze qaquca ColoyaSvili ali mitaevTan mosalaparakeblad CeCneTSi gaemgzavra. al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, “am Sexvedraze gadawyda oficialuri xelSekrulebis dadeba. am mizniT daadgines, rom Tbilisidan Camosuliyo “damkomis” warmomadgeneli giorgi winamZRvriSvili... moiTxoves, agreTve, rom amboxebisaTvis saqarTvelodan saWiro raodenobiT gamoegzavnaT oficroba, radgan maT Zalian cota hyoliaT. amboxebis gegma TbilisSi unda SeemuSavebinaT da mere mas CrdiloeT kavkasiel meTaurebsac gaacnobdnen. CvenTvis, qarTvelebisTvis, saWiro iyo, rom erT da imave dros momxdariyo samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis gamosvlebi: ruseTidan ar gamoeSvaT jarebi; aeyaraT rkinigzis liandagebi da, garda amisa, dascemodnen CrdiloeTSi ganlagebul rusis jarebs” (106. 200-201). Crdilo kavkasiaSi gamarTuli diplomatiuri molaparakebis msvleloba da misi Sedegebi qaquca ColoyaSvilma “damkomis” wevrs _ giorgi winamZRvriSvils 1923 wlis 20 ivniss werilobiT Seatyobina. am ukanasknelma qaqucas 7 ivliss sapasuxo werili miswera, romelmac, samwuxarod, mis adresatamde ver miaRwia. amis gamomwvevi mizezebi ganmartebulia 1925 wels Sedgenil “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi”, romelSic vkiTxulobT: “1923 wlis ivlisSi TelavSi daapatimres giorgi winamZRvriSvilis mier ColoyaSvilTan gagzavnili Sikriki, vinme petriaSvili, romelsac dapatimrebis dros aRmoaCnda Sifriani werilebi da 400 milioni maneTi bonebiT. werili wakiTxuli iqna da rodesac winamZRvriSvili daapatimres (1924 wlis damdegs _ g. s.), es werili warudgines mas. winamZRvriSvilma daadastura misi siswore. ai, es werilic: “miviRe Tqveni werili 20/VI TariRiT. yarangoziSvilis daniSvna TanaSemwed sasiamovnoa. am pasuxma daigviana, radgan velodiT fuls, informacias. 1) Tqveni gamogzavnili cnobebi moklea. saWiroa ufro konkretuli cnobebi _ ra damokidebuleba gaqvT mTasTan, visTan daiWireT saqme lekebsa, saCeCnoSi da qistebSi samuSaod, ramdeni kacis (daaxlovebiT mainc) gamoyvana SeiZleba imaTgan Tavidanve, ra mdgomareobaSia iaraRisa da cxenebis saqme... 2) gacnobebT, rom vawarmoebT molaparakebas azerbaijanTan, mTasTan (mTielTa respublikasTan) da osmaleTTan saerTo amboxebis Sesaxeb. gacnobebT, rom es molaparakeba CvenTvis xelsayrelad swarmoebs da sul uaxloes droSi unda movelodeT aqtiuri moqmedebis dawyebas. gevalebaT, es sakiTxi saidumloebaSi iqonioT. cnobebi partizanTa ricxvis Sesaxeb, lekebTan molaparakebis Sesaxeb da Cvengan miRebuli cnobebi saidumloa. isini mxolod Tqven unda icodeT. komitetis saxeliT gTxovT gadasceT salami Tqvens razmebs. ecadeT, gaamxnevoT isini. axlo momavalSi saerTo ZalebiT SevZlebT Cveni mSvenieri saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebas. vimeorebT, samxedro momzadeba aravin ar unda icodes. 3) rogorc winadac gwerdiT, didi yuradReba unda miaqcioT rkinis gzis liandagis dangrevas da poziciebis daWeras. es Tavidanve miiReT mxedvelobaSi da Tadarigi ise daiWireT. amboxebis gegmas gamogigzavniT Tavis droze “samxedro centri”, magram axlave gamogzavneT Tqveni pasuxismgebeli TanamSromeli, rom Camogvitanos zemoT CamoTvlili cnobebi da aqedan saWiro cnobebi wamogiRoT. 4) razmis seriozul erovnul gadajgufebas nu moaxdenT. 5) gigzavniT 200 liras (450 mil. maneTamde), am fulidan iyidian Tambaqosac. dReidan yovelTviurad gamogigzavniT xolme. amboxebisaTvis gamogigzavniT saWiro Tanxas. Coxebis Sesaxeb rom iwerebiT _ ar viciT, sad aris da, amis garda, fulic ara gvaqvs. 6) gavigeT, rom Cveni SifriT sxvebic sargebloben, kerZo werilebisTvis. es dauSvebelia. amitom gigzavniT axal Sifrs, romelsac waikiTxavT Zveli gasaRebiT leqsSi da Semdeg isargeblebT, rogorc ZveliT. es Sifri ecodineba mxolod or kacs. 7) gigzavniT proklamacias 15 daxvretilis (aq giorgi winamZRvriSvili gulisxmobs “samxedro centris” wevrebs _ g. s.) Sesaxeb, gaavrceleT kaxeTSi. dabeWdva ver movaswariT da Tqveni kaci meored rom Camova, maSin gamogigzavniT. mTavari komitetis mondobilobiT mavgkli. 7/VII. 23 w.” (10. 64-65). Zneli saTqmelia, ra iyo giorgi winamZRvriSvilis mier qaqucasTan gagzavnili Sikrikis Cavardnis mizezi, magram “Cekam” rom am weriliT metad Zvirfasi cnobebi miiRo, udavoa. amis miuxedavad, kontaqtebi qaquca ColoyaSvilsa da giorgi winamZRvriSvils, anu “damkoms” Soris, SemdgomSic ar Sewyvetila, rasac 1924 wels dapatimrebuli iason javaxiSvilis mier “Cekas” gamomZieblisTvis micemuli es Cvenebac adasturebs: “mTebSi damalulma ColoyaSvilma moaxerxa aqa-iq kavSiris daWera Crd. kavkasiis xalxebis gavlenian pirebTan da winamZRvarovTan minawer erT-erT morig werilSi 1923 wlis agvistoSi swerda, rom Cven vcdebiT, araviTar kontaqts rom ar vamyarebT Crd. kavkasiasTan, romlis xalxebsac SeerTebuli amboxebis organizaciis saqmeSi udidesi samsaxuris gaweva SeuZliaTo. imave werilSi igi dasZenda, rom piradad iyo saCeCnoSi, inaxula erT-erTi didi gavleniani piri, vinme Seix-ali miTaevi, romelic mas, ColoyaSvils, dahpirda daxmarebis aRmoCenas amboxebis organizaciis saqmeSi kavkasiis masStabiT. daaxlovebiT ase gadmomca am werilis Sinaarsi giorgi winamZRvarovma da daumata, rom ColoyaSvili gvirCevs mWidro kavSiris daWeras am ali miTaevTan, risTvisac man misi misamarTi da masTan misasvleli paroli gamogzavnao (10. 46). “sabralmdeblo daskvnis” mixedviT, “amaze winamZRvarovma upasuxa weriliT, rom arc ColoyaSvils, arc inguSeTs, arc daRestans ar SeuZlian gadaswyviton sakiTxi amboxebis dawyebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan amboxebas SeuZlia mxolod damxmare rolis Sesruleba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ruseTis saerTaSoriso urTierToba garTuldeba” (10. 48). 1923 wlis seqtemberSi (an oqtomberSi) qalaq groznoSi gaemgzavra “damkomis” wevri giorgi winamZRvriSvili, romelic ali mitaevs Sexvda. CeCnebis lideri mas Sepirda, rom bolSevikebis kavkasiidan gansadevnad qarTvelebTan erTad ibrZolebda. imave wlis oqtomberSi ali mitaevis warmomadgeneli situaciis adgilze gasacnobad TbilisSi Camovida (43. 22). TiTqmis igives acxadebda s. zaldastaniSvili 1925 wlis 17 ianvars parizSi gamarTul “saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis sazRvargareTis delegaciis” sxdomaze gakeTebul moxsenebaSi, romelSic igi 1924 wlis ajanyebis mTavar peripetiebs ixsenebda. misi TqmiT, “1923 wels... qaqucam SemogviTvala, rom mas 3000 kaci hyavda mTielebi da rig ajanyebas daiwyebda. qaqucas SeeTvala uari, radgan arc Cven viyaviT mowyobili da arc evropidan vicodiT rasme... qaqucam moiTxova sagangebo kacebis gagzavna mTaSi. gaigzavna giorgi winamZRvriSvili. gzaT unda gaevlo baqoSi, gaego iqauri viTareba, mere gadasuliyo groznoSi, Sexvedroda (enkenisTvis 1923 w.) qaqucas da ali mitaevs. Crdilo kavkasiaSi giorgim dahyo TiTqmis ori kvira. winamZRvriSvili kargad miuRiaT, adgilobrivi xelisufleba sul ali mitaevis xelSi iyo. mowveuli iyo CeCneTis mejlisi, romelmac daifica CvenTan erTgulebaze” (105. 210-211). “damkomis” da “samxedro komisiis” wevrebma gadawyvites, ajanyeba mTeli kavkasiis masStabiT 1924 wlis TebervalSi moewyoT. radgan qaquca ColoyaSvils am amboxebaSi gadamwyveti roli unda Seesrulebina, "samxedro komisiam" saWirod scno misi TbilisSi Camoyvana piradad mosalaparakeblad. qaquca daTanxmda winadadebaze. es iyo uaRresad sarisko da gabeduli nabiji. 1923 wlis dekemberSi qaquca Tavis or SeficulTan _ gabo oziaSvilTan da sergo maisuraZesTan erTad TbilisSi Camovida da "komisiasTan" erTad ajanyebis gegma ganixila. “mTeli rva dRe darCa qaquca TbilisSi. ra icoda bolSevikurma Cekam, rom is, visac kidiT-kidemde eZebda, erTi kvira TbilisSi cxovrobda, axalis gegmiT da axalis energiiT tfilisidan mSvidobiT gavida?” (S. amirejibi) (11. 6; 96. 15-16). 1925 wels Sedgenil “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi” daculia iason javaxiSvilis Cveneba, romelSic igi aRwers qaquca ColoyaSvilTan 1923 wlis dekemberSi gamarTul molaparakebebs: “1923 wlis dekemberSi, visargebleT ra imiT, rom ColoyaSvili Tavisi razmiT tfilisTan axlos (gare kaxeTSi) imyofeboda, Cven is tfilisSi gamoviwvieT. ColoyaSvili vinaxuleT me, amirejibma, winamZRvriSvilma da sol. zaldastaniSvilma. CvenTan laparakSi ColoyaSvili moiTxovda gamosvlis daCqarebas da gangvicxada, saCeCnoc mxars dagviWerso. Cven vupasuxeT, rom gamosvlas vamzadebT TebervlisaTvis. vinaidan cota xnis Semdeg, faRava da winamZRvriSvili (romlebic paritetTan arsebul samxedro komisias Seadgendnen) daapatimres, amboxeba TebervalSi aRar moxda. Cven vacnobeT ColoyaSvils, rom amboxebisaTvis mzadebas mainc ganvagrZobdiT” (10. 65-66). 1925 wlis 17 ianvars parizSi wakiTxul moxsenebaSi s. zaldastaniSvili miuTiTebda: 1923 wlis bolos ajanyebisTvis “mzadebas vagrZelebdiT. gamoviwvieT qaquca. me viyavi, Salva amirejibi, winamZRvriSvili. movismineT qaqucas azri. qaqucam Tqva: me SevZleb TbilisSi Semosvlas da as kacs SeiaraRebuls Semoviyvan TbilisSi. eqvsi dRe iyo TbilisSi” (105. 212). igive s. zaldastaniSvili mogvianebiT, XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, emigraciaSi gamocemul mogonebebSi, aRniSnul faqts ase ixsenebda: “vinaidan am ajanyebaSi gadamwyveti roli unda eTamaSa qaquca ColoyaSvils Tavisi SeficulebiT, amitom, saWirod vcaniT, piradad qaqucasTan mogvelaparaka. gadavwyviteT qaqucas Camoyvana TbilisSi da ajanyebis gegma da dro masTan SeTanxmebiT migveRo da dagveniSna. am saqmis mowyoba me vikisre. 1923 wlis qristeSobis TveSi, erTi mandilosnis saSualebiT, qaquca Tavisi ori SeficuliT: sergo maisuraZiT da gabo oziaSviliT TbilisSi Camovida. pirveli Rame erT ojaxSi gavatareT, meore dRes, saRamoTi, “samxedro komisiis” kreba moismina. “samxedro komisiis” mier damuSavebuli gegma mTlad gaiziara. qaquca TbilisSi rva dRe darCa. am xnis ganmavlobaSi bevri samxedro pirebi inaxula, romlebidanac Tanxmoba miiRo, rom gamosvlis wina dReebSi mas SeuerTdebodnen. rva dRis Semdeg, qaquca Tavisi SeficulebiT tyvia-wamliT datvirTulni saRamos 9 saaTze veridan duSeTis midamoebSi gadavidnen” (43. 21-22). r. diuge qaquca ColoyaSvilis TbilisSi saidumlod CasvlasTan dakavSirebiT werda: “ColoyaSvili magaliTis mimcemi iyo. vaJkacobas afrqvevda. misi brmad sjerodaT da Tayvansac scemdnen. erT dRes man cota xniT mTebi datova da malulad TbilisSi Cavida. bolSevikebis dauZinebeli mteri SeiZleba ecnoT, magram saqme iTxovda ColoyaSvilis TbilisSi Casvlas da mas ar uyoymania. qalaqSi marto wavida. am yaidis oficers sruli ufleba aqvs yvelaferi mosTxovos Tavis gawvrTnil, disciplinirebul razms, Tavis erTgul Seficulebs. amitom, ar aris gasakviri is xangrZlivi brZola, romelic man bolSevikebs gaumarTa Tavis razmTan erTad. es iyo... wminda wylis gmiruli epopea“ (33. 124). s. zaldastaniSvilis cnobiT, 1924 wlis TebervalSi “ajanyeba unda dawyebuliyo mTel saqarTveloSi erT dRes, erT saaTs; uecriv da SeuCereblad unda emoqmedaT, sanam mtris rigebSi demoralizacia ar moxdeboda” (43. 22), magram, rogorc misi mogonebebidan, agreTve, iason javaxiSvilis Cvenebidan irkveva, dagegmili ajanyeba 1924 wlis damdegs gogita faRavasa da giorgi winamZRvriSvilis dapatimrebis gamo gadaido. sanam 1924 wels momxdari movlenebis aRweras ganvagrZobdeT, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, visaubroT uSualod “SeficulTa” razmis Sesaxeb _ misi mowyobis struqturaze, sacxovrebel banakze, yoveldRiur saqmianobaze, axali wevrebis miRebaze, amasTan dakavSirebul ritualze, razmis damxmareebze (mekavSireebze, sursaT-sanovagiT mommarageblebze da a. S.), qaqucas mier SeficulTa Soris damkvidrebul maRal zneobriv principebze, “Cekas” mier razmSi Segzavnil agentebze da sxv. partizanuli brZolis sistema, swrafi gadaadgilebis aucilebloba, saSualebas ar iZleoda, qaquca ColoyaSvils TavisTan mudmivad mravalricxovani razmi hyoloda _ misi wevrebis raodenoba 15-dan 60-mde meryeobda. ajanyebis dros, razms ematebodnen sxvadasxva soflis glexebi, romlebic winaswar iyvnen SerCeulni da gafrTxilebulni. partizanuli brZolisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda kargad mowyobil kavSirs: sursaT-sanovagisa da iaraRis mowodebas, politikur da samxedro wreebTan urTierTobas da a. S. am saqmes kaxeTis TiTqmis yvela sofelSi qaqucas mier sagangebod gamoyofili mekavSireebi, e. w. “sando kacebi” asrulebdnen. mag., sofel winandalSi aseTi organizatori aleqsandre baduraSvilis mama Saqro baduraSvili iyo (11. 2). nino avaliSvilis mogonebis mixedviT, Seficulebs ara marto calkeuli pirebi da ojaxebi, aramed zogjer mTeli sagvareuloebic uwevdnen daxmareba-mfarvelobas, mag., uTaliSvilebi da cucunaSvilebi sofel kondolidan, gogniaSvilebi _ xodaSnidan, azauraSvilebi da sparsiaSvilebi _ winandlidan da sxv.; avadmyof an daWril razmelebs sando ojaxebSi, sruli saidumloebis pirobebSi, mowveuli eqimebi mkurnalobdnen. nino avaliSvilis TqmiT, rodesac qaqucas Zveli Wriloba gaexsna da mis ojaxSi mkurnalobda, avadmyofis gasasinjad sagangebod moiwvies eqimebi giorgi avaliSvili (Telavidan) da sandro imerliSvili (winandlidan) (4. 5). “SeficulTa” razmi, romlis mniSvnelovan nawils ruseTis imperiisa da saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi namsaxuri oficrebi da jariskacebi Seadgendnen, samxedro sawyisebze iyo mowyobili. e. vaCnaZis cnobiT, razmi sameulebad, aTeulebad da oceulebad iyofoda. qaquca ColoyaSvils hyavda e. w. “Stabi”, romelSic misi TanaSemweebi//moadgileebi Sediodnen. 1922-1924 wlebSi, sxvadasxva dros, qaqucas TanaSemweebi iyvnen: Salva favleniSvili, soso losaberiZe, elizbar vaCnaZe, aleqsandre sulxaniSvili, ivane (vaniCka) yarangoziSvili, ilarion iaSvili da vaso TamazaSvili. garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi, “Stabis” SemadgenlobaSi erovnul-demokratiuli partiis wevri svimon yifianic Sedioda (42; 67. 49-50; 115. 301). qaquca ColoyaSvili dasabanakeblad yovelTvis geografiulad yvelaze saimedo adgils arCevda, romelsac mudmivad sagangebod gamoyofili morige yaraulebi icavdnen. rodesac romelime adgilas SedarebiT didxans rCebodnen (gansakuTrebiT, zamTrobiT), razmis wevrebi cdilobdnen, TavianTi droebiTi sacxovrisi rac SeiZleba ukeTesad moewyoT; sursaT-sanovages, SeZlebisdagvarad, winaswar imaragebdnen. binebis momzadebasa da mzareulobaSi yvelaze daxelovnebuli malaqia maisuraZe iyo. “SeficulTa” razmis banakis aRwera ramdenime wyaroSi gvxvdeba. elizbar mayaSvilis TqmiT, “Sua tyeSi lamazad warmodgmuli, kargad mozrdili, orTvala saxli amarTuliyo. am or oTaxSi daedoT bina qaixosros, beladad wodebuls, da mis patara, Tavdadebul qarTvelebis jgufs. 30 kaci iqneboda. yvela axalgazrda; erTi meoreze ukeTesi vaJkaci da Tavdadebuli qarTveli. mietovebinaT ojaxi, saxl-kari da gaWriliyvnen tyeSi. urTierT Soris dadebuli ficiT gadaewyvitaT samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZola saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis aRsadgenad. Tavze xelaRebuli razmi ebrZoda dampyrobel rusT, uSiSrad, vaJkacurad da daundoblad. patara, samferovani droSa aRmarTuli iyo maTi binis Tavze” (75. 5). “roca Cven razms, umetesad zamTarSi, xangrZlivad erT adgilze yofna mouxdeboda, Cveni banaki SedarebiT kargad iyo mowyobili. gvqonda miwaSi CaTxrili qoxebi da amaTSi erTi specialurad qaqucasTvis da misi TanaSemweTaTvisac. pirvel xanebSi qaqucas TanaSemwe soso losaberiZe iyo. zamTarSi aseT banakebSi Cven bevrad ufro momaragebuli viyaviT sanovagiT, vidre xSirad adgilis gadanacvlebis dros. Cveni sanovagis mTavari Semadgenloba fqvili iyo. mis Sesanaxavad malaqia maisuraZem didi xis morisagan Suagulis amoWriT karga mozrdili kasris msgavsi WurWelic ki gaakeTa, romelSiac ramdenime kodi fqvili Cadioda. xolo roca saklavs viSovidiT, Zroxac rom yofiliyo, yinvian zamTarSi xeze dakidebuli didxans inaxeboda. Cveni kerZi an xaSlama, e. i. moxarSuli xorci an xinkali iyo. ufro xSirad xinkali gvqonda, radgan ufro gemrieli iyo. daniSnuli mzareuli Cven ara gvyavda, magram yvelazed marjve mzareulobaSi da sxva saqmeSiac malaqia iyo. igi iyo Cveni durgali, arqiteqtori, mkurnali, mzareuli da sxva” (al. baduraSvili) (11. 11). “Seficulebs sakmaod kargad moemzadebinaT ramdenime miwuri. qaqucasTvis mSvenivrad moewyoT calke sadgomi. am binebis aSenebaSi mTavari “arqiteqtori” malaqia maisuraZe gaxldaT. binebi ise ostaturad iyo aSenebuli, rom Sig cecxlis danTebac SegveZlo da boli srulebiTac ar Segvawuxebda” (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 159). miuxedavad imisa, rom “SeficulTa” razmSi Sesvlis msurveli bevri iyo, qaquca ColoyaSvili axal wevrebs mxolod uaRresad sando pirebis rekomendaciis, an piradi nacnobobis safuZvelze iRebda. mTavar winapirobas kandidatis vaJkacoba da patiosneba warmoadgenda. SesaZloa, esa Tu is piri yofili an moqmedi yaCaRic ki yofiliyo _ mTavaria, mas Tavis saqmianobaze xeli aeRo. rogorc wesi, aq gadamwyveti faqtori qaquca ColoyaSvilis udidesi avtoriteti iyo. al. baduraSvilisa da al. sulxaniSvilis mogonebebSi daculia cnobebi amgvar yofil, “moTvinierebul”, yaCaRTa _ “qimbaris” (ioseb qimbariSvili) da lado ozanelis Sesaxeb, romlebic “SeficulTa” razmis Rirseul wevrebad iqcnen. al. baduraSvili: “es qimbari ukve didi xnis nayaCaRari iyo, igi revoluciamdec yaCaRobda Turme. Zalian TviTneba da Taviseburi kaci iyo, romlis moTviniereba mxolod qaqucas saxels, saqmes da pirovnebas Tu SeeZlo. qaqucasTan misi yaidis xalxi sxvac iyo, magram CvenTan maT yaCaRobis arc neba hqondaT da, mgoni, survilic ki hqondaT dakarguli. rusebTan brZolaSi ki sxvebs Tu ara sjobdnen, arc Camouvardebodnen” (11. 6-9). al. sulxaniSvili gvawvdis dawvrilebiT cnobebs, misi TqmiT, “ucnauri tipis” _ lado ozanelis Sesaxeb: “es gaxldaT uswavleli mwyemsi kaci, TumcaRa uaRresad amayi. hyavda erTi moxuci deda da gauTxovari da. igi aragziT ar emorCileboda komunistebs. amisTvis gadaekidnen da auwiokes saxl-kari; sastikad scemes misi beberi deda da da, radgan avejis waRebas ar anebebdnen saxlidan. ai, amis gamo mohkla man erTi maTgani da gavarda yaCaRad. visi javric sWirda, uTvlida, fuli gamomigzavne, Torem mogklavo. ra Tqma unda, ugzavnidnen. garda amisa, rom gaigebda, dRes sofelSi krebaa da agitatori ilaparakebso, miepareboda xolme maxlobel maRlobs, dawveboda, gverdze savazneebs moiwyobda da pirdapir krebas utexavda saSinel srolas. amnairad iSleboda kreba da agitatorebi Tavqudmoglejilebi garbodnen. amasac rom Tavi davaneboT, is xalxs uTvlida, krebaze nu dadixarT, Torem aravis davzogavo”. ai, am lado ozanels gauwia rekomendacia da “SeficulTa” razmSi miReba sTxova qaqucas misma uaxloesma TanamebrZolma _ vaso TamazaSvilma, Tanac aRuTqva, rom aRarasdros iyaCaRebda. “lado rom razmSi moiyvanes, qaqucam auxsna, Tu ras vebrZodiT da uTxra, Cvens razmSi yaCaRobas adgili ara aqvs; radgan Cveni razmeli xdebi, imedia, rom dReis iqiT razmisTvis samarcxvino saqmes aRar Caideno. “ai, Seni RmerTis Wirime, mec eg minda”-o, wamoiZaxa ladom da muxlebze moexvia belads. qaqucam wamoayena da mxolod exla uTxra: aba, Sen ici da Senma vaJkacobamao. sawyal lados sixarulisagan cremlebi gadmoscvivda Tvalebidan. man pirnaTlad Seasrula dapireba da pirnaTladac Seswira Tavi patriotul saqmes” (106. 101-102). “SeficulTa” razmSi axali wevris miReba sagangebo ritualis TanxlebiT xdeboda, rasac e. mayaSvili, erT-erTi Seficulis _ Samil iqaiZis magaliTze Semdegnairad aRwers: “aRtacebuli Sehyurebda Samili belads, da pirze RimiliT miiRo igi beladma. cal-muxlze daCoqilma Samilma miiRo fici erisadmi erTgulebisaTvis. ficis miRebis Semdeg, Samilma beladisagan miiRo saCuqrad abreSumis samferi patara droSa. Samili fexze wamodga, mowiwebiT emTxvia samferovan droSas, danarCen SeficulT mxurvaled CamoarTva xeli da maT SeuerTda. amieridan igic CaiTvala Seficul meomarTa ojaxis wevrad” (75. 22). qaquca ColoyaSvilis TiToeuli sityva, moqmedeba udides zneobriv gavlenas axdenda Seficulebze, maT sulier simxneves, sicocxlis xaliss ubrunebda. erTxel, mamis da Zmis daxvretisa da satrfos cixeSi tragikulad daRupviT sasowarkveTilma Samil iqaiZem qaqucas SesCivla: “vinRa damrCa, belado, vinRa? sikvdili mirCevnia, RvTis madlma da kidec Sevaklav mters Tavs”. qaqucam mas ase upasuxa: “vin dagrCenia? vin da Seni samSoblo; misTvis aris saWiro fxizloba. gana me ar gaviRe msxverpli? gana me ar gavwire col-Svili, dResac gamomwyvdeuli civ saknebSi? gana ar emsxverplnen mters Cem SeficulTa nawili? gana me Cemis xeliT ar mivabare Savs miwas, Sua tyeSi, Cemi sayvareli Zma? Tu daveci suliT? vaJkacoba gana imaSi gamoixateba, rom mters Tavi Seakla?! ara, Samilo! vaJkacoba is aris, mteri mospo da TviTon ki SeinarCuno sicocxle. rac mets icocxleb, miT ufro mets Surs iZieb Cven dauZinebel mterze” (75. 30). miuxedavad imisa, rom iyvnen devnilebi sakuTar samSobloSi, mowyvetilni mSobliur kar-midamoebs, ojaxebs, Seficulebi mainc cdilobdnen, guli ar gaetexaT, sicocxlis wyurvili da xalisi ar daekargaT. al. sulxaniSvilis TqmiT, “miuxedavad imisa, rom tyeSi viyaviT gaWrilni da moklebulni namdvil, ojaxur myudroebas, Taviseburad mainc gvalaRebda bunebis mzrunveli kalTa: vcxovrobdiT Zmurad, Sexmatkbilebulad, rogorc erTi ojaxis Svilebi. binaSi ar gvaklda xumroba da sicili; sakmarisad gvyavda kargi xmebi da ganuwyvetliv gaismoda simRera; ukravda fanduric da arcTu cekvas vaklebdiT xels mis tkbil hangebze. ase Tendeboda da Ramdeboda zamTris dReebi imis molodinSi, Tu rodis gaifoTleboda tyeebi” (106. 159). Seficulebs gansakuTrebulad axalisebdaT razmis axalgazrda wevri, fSaveli poeti mixa xelaSvili (avtori leqsisa "bindisferia sofeli" _ g. s.), romelmac qaqucas da Tavis megobrebs ramdenime leqsi miuZRvna. maTSi daculia Zvirfasi cnobebi “SeficulTa” razmis mier warmoebuli brZolebis Sesaxeb. qaquca ColoyaSvils mixa xelaSvili Zalian uyvarda, mas bolomde endoboda, xumrobiT “karis poets” uwodebda da hpirdeboda, rom gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi, karg swavla-ganaTlebas miaRebinebda. samwuxarod, movlenebi ise ganviTarda, rom qaqucam Tavisi danapirebis Sesruleba ver moaxerxa (14. 95). mixa xelaSvilis erT-erT leqsSi vkiTxulobT: "jer isev aris zafxuli, ar daTovlinan mTania, fSav-xevsureTis kldeebsa Savniva hqonda fxania. Sig vcxovrobT fSavel-xevsurni, sali kldis Svilni _ Zmania, unda miviRoT ambavi _ droebis monatania, qaquca ColoyaSvili mohqrolavs, rogorc qaria, Tan axlavs qarTvelT Svilebi, TiTo lomebis daria. binas dasdeben fSavSia, sadac maRaros-karia. tfilisiT mohyva laSqari, romelic muxliT malia, puris Wamazed nasxdomebs daxvies Tofis alia, ha, gidi, ColoyaSvilo, gulad gdebia talia, patara razmis ufroso _ xar mardi kamandaria! mkvdari Sehyare mkvdarzeda, rogorc mtris sabandaria, wiTlad SeRebe aragvi, fSav-xevsureTis wyalia. fSavlebs gadaec nadavli imaTgan anayaria, zenaisaken wamoxvel, mkvdrebi rom gadasTvalia, Tan eqvsi polki Semogyva pulement-zarbazania! sikvdilzed nu daRondebiT, yvela iq mimavalia, iq dagxvdebian gmirebi samSoblosaTvis mkvdaria _ biZina ColoyaSvili, did-mouravi giorgi, qeTevan dedofalia” (119. 29-30). 1922 wels Seqmnil leqsSi mixa xelaSvili werda: “beladi ColoyaSvili, Seudrekeli guliTa, fiqriT mWevri da amayi, maRali zniT da suliTa, razmelebs mogvialersebs mSobliur siyvaruliTa. Cvenc masTan salxinoda vTvliT Tundac sikvdilis wamebsa, imisi winamZRolobiT qveyanas vargebT ramesa, ar mivscemT Tavis samSoblos Cvenis sisxl-xorcis mWamlebsa. samSoblos damxsnel razmebiT kaci gasuli velada, qveynisTvis gametebuli sisxl-xorcis Semwirvelada, mzad ari yovel wamier mtris Tavze dasasxmelada. Cvenis beladis sikeTes yoveldRe ganvicdidia, srulad vxedavdi yovelsa, mcire iyo Tu didia” (67. 218). ai, mixa xelaSvilis kidev erTi, 1923 wels SeTxzuli, leqsi: “yvelam gavigeT ambavi _ samSoblos gasaWiria, razmi SevyareT, qaquca uZRvis ColoyaSvilia. aRmosavleTis mTa-kldeni aqvs srulad Semovlilia. TanaSemwed hyavs elizbar, eg Cveni razmis gmiria. voroncovis Zegls tan ugav, arabeTelebs piria, netavi TvaliT menaxa, rogor ded-mamis Svilia. or unda dahbadebiyo, erTad hyavs gaCenilia. ki Tunda samic gamova, ari imodnad msxvilia. gazrdiTac saucxooa, ucxodve Semosilia, kintour Ceqmis yelebi, mauzer Savercxlilia, Tavisi zomis Sineli, friad grZeli da Tbilia. es leqsi yvelas ekuTvnis, suyvelas uZe wilia. arc miSa damaviwydeba, Cven miSa nacvliSvilia. Cven aTeulis ufrosi, saomrad gamocdilia, Seukvreli aqvs sayelo ar ebadebis Rilia, win gagviZRveba aTeuls, ro Zveli drois gziria. meore aTeulSiac xo damiwvdeba piria, iq giorgia ufrosi mkaliasaviT wvrilia, sumudam gacinebuli, xma uZe, rogorc stviria, ybaze ro wveri ar esxas, ityvi, wels gaCenilia. am aTeulis ufrosebs TanaSemwenic sWiria, magram es iyos iseva, xvar miZe leqsis milia. iqneba kidec iwyinon, gamxadon gandevnilia. am leqss nuravin nu iwyens, me mqondes Tqveni Wiria, mdare var suyvelazeda, yvelaze davardnilia, marto mzada maqvs, ro giTxraT, saWmelisaTvis piria. maTqomi emag leqsisa gaxlavarT fSavlis Svilia, diakvnada var namyofi, tablaze gageSilia” (67. 185-187). iyo mxiaruli kuriozebic, romelTa mTavari momwyobi, rogorc wesi, aleqsandre sulxaniSvili iyo. ai, mis mier moTxrobili erT-erTi aseTi saxaliso faqti: “gazafxulmac moatana; tyem sayvarlad daiwyo gaCiTva; TiTqmis Walebic gaifoTla. axla iwyeboda Cveni moqmedebis dro. dainiSna dRec, rom bina dagvetovebina da barisken wavsuliyaviT. rasac Tan ver waviRebdiT, daniSnul dRes sofelSi gavgzavneT Sesanaxad. TumcaRa amgvar gawamawiaSi gaWirvebac bevri gvadga, magram sicilsa da xumrobas Tavs mainc ar vanebebdiT. xumrobis sagnad, ra Tqma unda, metnawilad Cvenive razmelebi gvyavda amoCemebuli. magaliTisTvis aseT SemTxvevas mogiyvebiT: razmSi erTi rafiel erisTavi gvyavda... es gaxldaT erTi xerxera, Sua tanis kaci, Zalian magari vaJkaci, uaRresad patiosani da gulubryvilo adamiani... roca Cven binas vtovebdiT, rafosTan mivedi da vuTxari: “beladma miTxra gadmogce: Cems miwur qoxs karebi Camoxseni da wamoiRe”-o. es iyo malaqias xeliT gaTlili, wiflis xis saSinlad tlanqi karebi, romelic, albaT, fuT-naxevari gamovidoda. amasobaSi Seficulebi gamosuliyvnen da qaquca aTvalierebda, yvelani gareT arian Tu arao. me iqve Soriaxlos videqi da sicils Zliv vimagrebdi, radgan vicodi, rac unda momxdariyo. qaqucam SeamCnia, rom rafo ar Canda Seficulebs Soris da daiZaxa: “rafo, sada xar? ra dagemarTa?”, razec pasuxad moisma: “em saaTSi, belado”-o, da patara xanSi TviTonac gamoCnda zurgze karebwamokidebuli! amis danaxvaze qaqucam Seutia: “ra aris? ras moaTrev?”-o, da Tan sicili waskda. razmelebs xom, nuRa ityviT: metis meti xarxarisagan zogierTebi dedamiwaze goraobdnen. saxtad darCenilma rafom mxolod exla amoRerRa: “aki, Tqven gibrZanebiaT, Cemi qoxis karebi wamoiReo”. “gadaagde, ra eSmakad ginda”-o, miugo qaqucam mas da mere ki me momibrunda: “es sul Seni eSmakobaa”-o. am mxriv, me imdenad mqonda saxeli gatexili razmSi, rom visac ra ar unda eximankla, kakali mainc Cemze tydeboda xolme!” (106. 168-169). al. sulxaniSvili aRniSnavs, Tu rogori mkacri disciplina hqonda damyarebuli qaquca ColoyaSvils Tavis razmSi, upirveles yovlisa, alkoholTan da qalebTan damokidebulebaSi: “fici gvqonda dadebuli, rom saerTod ar unda gvesva sasmeli. Cven es wesi mtkice tradiciad davdeT da, miuxedavad imisa, rom imdeni Rvinis miReba SegveZlo, ramdensac movisurvebdiT, is iSviaTad Tu mohqondaT CvenTan, isic mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Cven TiTon SevuTvlidiT. Rvinos rom mogvitandnen xolme, metwilad dResaswaulebze, TiTo an orola pawia yanwis mets ar SevsvamdiT. iseTnairad gavatareT mTeli Cveni brZolebi, es fici TiTqmis aravis gautexia... aseve iyo qalebTan damokidebulebaSic. Seficulebs xSirad uxdebodaT ojaxebSi Sesvla sanovagis an sacvlebis gamosatanad. vai, imis dRes, Tu romelime maTgani cudis TvaliT Sexedavda visime cols, qaliSvils, anda das. amnairad, Cvens razmSi rigianad iyo daculi disciplina” (106. 95). marTalia, al. sulxaniSvili ambobs, “qalebTan damokidebulebaSic... Cvens razmSi rigianad iyo daculi disciplina”-o, da, darwmunebulni varT, rom es asec iqneboda, magram naTqvamia _ “erTi maxinji yvela gvarSi gamoerevao”. rogorc Cans, “erTi maxinji” “SeficulTa” razmSic gamoeria, razec naTlad metyvelebs sofel awyuris mkvidris babe qitaSvilis Semdegi Sinaarsis mogoneba: “sruliad axalgazrda viyavi, roca qaquca ColoyaSvilis Svilebis _ Tamarisa da qeTevanis ZiZad vmsaxurobdi. es is periodia, rodesac qaquca Tavis razmTan erTad tyeSi iyo gasuli. qaqucam iaraRidan srola maswavla. man iaraRi damitova im mizniT, rom Cemi Tavi da qaqucas Svilebi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damecva. qaqucas razmi sofel awyuris maxloblad tyeSi iyo dabanakebuli. am razmisaTvis qaqucas ojaxSi vamzadebdiT saWmels. modioda misi warmogzavnili da mihqonda. erT dResac movida razmis erT-erTi wevri saWmlis wasaRebad. am dros saxlSi marto me viyavi. isargebla ra am momentiT, Cemi gaupatiureba ganizraxa. me mivuxvdi mis sawadels, marjved gavecale, viZre qaqucas mocemuli iaraRi da mizanSi amoviRe. igi mixvda, rom araferi gamouvidoda da swrafad gamecala. rodesac qaquca col-Svilis sanaxavad movida, movuyevi momxdaris Sesaxeb. qaquca Zalian gabrazda. meore dRes, Turme, es pirovneba daayena razmis winaSe da mouyva misi namoqmedaris Sesaxeb. bolos, qaqucas Tavisi naTqvami aseTi sityvebiT daumTavrebia: “kaci, romelic me da Cems ojaxs ar daindobs da Ralats gaivlebs, is sando ar aris”-o. razmis wevrebs am moRalate moZaladisaTvis sikvdilis ganaCeni gamoutaniaT da yvelas, vinc iq yofila, TiTo tyvia dauxlia” (84. 41). Cveni azriT, babe qitaSvilis mogonebaSi daculi cnobis sandooba, miuxedavad moZaladis vinaobis mouxseneblobisa, eWvs ar iwvevs, imdenad detaluradaa gadmocemuli faqti; piriqiT, darwmunebulni varT, rom al. sulxaniSvilma damala istoriuli simarTle da Seecada, erTi uRirsi TanamebrZolis (romlis gvars da saxels, albaT, verasdros gavigebT) gamo, mTeli razmis prestiJi da keTili saxeli ar Seelaxa; SemTxveviTi arc misi mrisxane _ “vai, imis dRes” _ unda iyos! zemoT Cven aRvniSneT, rom qaquca ColoyaSvili “SeficulTa” razmis axal wevrebs mxolod uaRresad sando pirebis rekomendaciis, an piradi nacnobobis safuZvelze iRebda. Sesabamisad, mis mier warmoebuli antisabWoTa brZolis ganmavlobaSi, didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, “Cekam” razmSi mxolod TiTo-orola agentis Segzavna-Separeba Tu SeZlo; isic imis wyalobiT, rom am moRalateebis rekomendatorebi qaqucas winaSe iseTi pirovnebebi iyvnen, romlebsac es ukanaskneli Zalian endoboda. al. sulxaniSvilisa da al. baduraSvilis mogonebebSi daculia cnobebi “Cekas” agentebis _ tarasi Cxetianis da roman yanCavelis “SeficulTa” razmSi Segzavnis Sesaxeb. 1923 wlis martis dasawyisSi, rodesac Seficulebi axmetis tyeebSi iyvnen dabanakebulebi, erTma sando pirovnebam, “patiosanma kacma da kargi ojaxis patronma”, sof. iyalTos mkvidrma andria yuraSvilma, aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis meSveobiT, qaquca ColoyaSvils razmSi daaxloebiT 20 wlis tarasi Cxetianis miReba sTxova, romelsac “viRac komunisti Semokvdomoda”. qaqucam andria yuraSvils Txovna Seusrula da tarasi “gaxda viTom Seficuli”. tarasi Cxetianma “SeficulTa” razmSi daaxloebiT Tvenaxevari dahyo. am xnis ganmavlobaSi is erTgulad da dauzareblad asrulebda misTvis micemul yvela davalebas, riTac Seficulebis ndoba moipova. 1923 wlis maisSi tarasi Cxetiani gaipara da Telavis “Cekas” umniSvnelovanesi cnobebi miawoda “SeficulTa” razmisa da misi damxmare-mekavSireebis Sesaxeb, “daabezRa yvela, vinc SeeZlo... daiwyo Cekam xalxis datusaReba, awiokda soflebi”. male “Cekam” TviTon tarasi Cxetiani daniSna im specialuri razmis meTaurad, romelsac qaquca ColoyaSvilis da misi Seficulebis Sepyroba-ganadgureba evaleboda. 1923 wlis ivnisSi, qaqucas davalebiT, ramdenime razmeli Causafrda pankisis xeobaSi myof moRalate Cxetians, “romelsac ukve Zabrula qudi exura”, da mokla igi (106. 170-173). al. sulxaniSvilisgan gansxvavebiT, al. baduraSvili aRniSnavs, rom “Cekas” mier Semogzavnili moRalate tarasi Cxetiani razmSi malaqia maisuraZem moiyvana. gaparvis Semdeg, tarasim “mravali ziani mogvayena miT, rom bevri Cveni kaci daiWires da daxvrites misi miTiTebiT”. male, qaqucas brZanebiT, rafiel erisTavi, saSa sulxaniSvili, aleqsandre baduraSvili, sergo maisuraZe, gabo oziaSvili da sxvebi tarasis Causafrdnen, romelic “maSin ukve specialur razms meTaurobda” da mokles (11. 10). mkvlevarma ivane liqokelma gamoaqveyna saqarTvelos respublikis uaxlesi istoriis arqivSi (fondi 600, aRw. 2, saqme 21, furc. 29) daculi dokumenti, romelSic tarasi Cxetiani “SeficulTa” razmis wevrebis vinaobebs asaxelebda. misi gancxadebiT, 1923 wlis gazafxulze razmSi Semdegi pirovnebebi iyvnen: “1) ColoyaSvili qaquca; 2) gverdwiTeli giorgi; 3) kaxaSvili ioseb; 4) nacvliSvili miSa; 5) sulxaniSvili saSa; 6) maisuraZe sergo; 7) maisuraZe malaqia; 8) oziaSvili gabo: 9) cixisTavi longo; 10) xelaSvili mixeili; 11) kandelaki Saliko; 12) baduraSvili saSa; 13) yanCaveli romana; 14) erisTavi rafieli; 15) Ciqovani levani; 16) duSeli giorgi “kurdRela”, gvari ar vici; 17) razmaZe kola; 18) soso, gvari ar vici; 19) xuTni arian qiziyelebi, romlebis gvari da saxelebi ar vici; 20) cxra qistebi: 1) daTiko, 2) qosa, 3) Cira, 4) maxmada, 5) zaqara, 6) levana, 7) uqo, 8) kuna _ arc erTis gvari ar vici, danarCeni oris arc saxeli, arc gvari ar vici” (67. 205). imave al. sulxaniSvilsa da al. baduraSvils moepovebaT cnobebi “SeficulTa” razmSi “Cekas” agentebis: vaso kandelakis, SaSviaSvilis da WavWaniZis Segzavnis Sesaxeb, romlebsac qaquca ColoyaSvilis mokvla hqondaT davalebuli. maT rogorRac moaxerxes da moipoves qaqucas uaxloesi megobris _ ivane (vaniCka) yarangoziSvilis ndoba da misi meSveobiT razmis wevrebic gaxdnen. rodesac 1923 wlis maisSi vaniCka yarangoziSvili “SeficulTa” razms SeuerTda, mas Tan zemoaRniSnuli moRalateebic axldnen. al. sulxaniSvili am faqtis gamo wers: “vaniCkas guliTadi megobroba akavSirebda ara marto qaqucasTan, aramed CemTanac... vinc vaniCka yarangoziSvils mohyva, saTiTaod eWvgareSeni iyvnen, imdenad vendobodiT maT Tavkacs... vaniCka yarangoziSvilSi, rogorc sakuTar TavSi, aravis epareboda eWvi” (98. 63-64; 106. 172). al. baduraSvilis TqmiT, male kandelaki, SaSviaSvili da WavWaniZe mixvdnen, rom “Cekas” xelmZRvanelobis mier maTTvis micemuli mTavari davalebis _ qaquca ColoyaSvilis mokvlis _ ganxorcieleba “SeuZlebeli iyo, Tu TviTonac ar daiRupebodnen. amitom isini SemTxvevas ucdidnen, rom rogorme Tavi daeRwiaT CvenTan yofnisagan”. cota xanSi “sameuli” laCrulad gaipara. samwuxarod, maT erT-erTi razmelis, daaxloebiT 18-20 wlis matneli ymawvilis (romlis vinaobasac arcerTi wyaro asaxelebs) mokvla mainc moaxerxes (11. 10). al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, rodesac es ambavi “Seficulebma” gaiges, “vaniCka yarangoziSvili saSinel mdgomareobaSi Cavarda, radgan man moiyvana is sami kaci, magram CvenTvis xom cxadi iyo, rac moxda da aq mas araviTari brali ar miuZRvoda. am muxanaTebis Separeba ase momxdara: rodesac TbilisSi “Cekas” gaugia, rom vaniCka qaqucasTan apirebda wasvlas, ar dautusaRebiaT da is sami kaci miuCeCebiaT misTvis davalebiT, moeklaT qaquca” (98. 64; 106. 174-175). gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre, uxucesma qarTvelma mandilosanma, qalbatonma babo dadianma, romelic piradad icnobda qaquca ColoyaSvils da vaniCka yarangoziSvils, CvenTan saubarSi gaixsena: “vaniCka yarangoziSvili SesaniSnavad cekvavda. saukeTeso mocekvaveebi iyvnen vaniCka da qaquca ColoyaSvili _ uaxloesi megobrebi. erTxel qaqucam gaixumra, erTi SexedeT, ra CemsaviT usvams fexso” (98. 64). aqve gvsurs, mkiTxvelis yuradReba kidev erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze gavamaxviloT: rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sabWoTa xelisufleba “SeficulTa” razms “yaCaRTa bandas”, “mZarcvelebs”, “avazakebs”, “xalxis mtrebs” da a. S. uwodebda. cxadia, am umZimes braldebebs damtkiceba-dadastureba dokumenturadac sWirdeboda. es saqme unda Seesrulebina Cvens mier zemoT ukve ramdenjerme naxseneb, 1925 wels Sedgenil (roca qaquca ColoyaSvili ukve emigraciaSi imyofeboda da axal “danaSauls” veRar Caidenda _ g. s.), “sabralmdeblo daskvnas” “saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb”. marTlac, sad, Tu ara am dokumentSi, unda moeyaraT “Cekas” gamomZieblebs Tavi yvela im danaSaulisTvis, romelic 1922-1924 wlebSi “ColoyaSvilis bandam” Caidina. mouyares kidec _ ra faqtic daafiqsires, “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSi” yvela keTilsindisierad aRnusxes. Cekistebis braldebebi damyarebulia “SeficulTa” razmis dapatimrebuli wevrebis _ svimon yifianisa da giorgi gverdwiTelis Semdegi Sinaarsis Cvenebebze: “simon yifiani dawvrilebiT laparakobs ColoyaSvilis bandis yvela (xazgasma Cvenia _ g. s.) moqmedebaze, rasac adgili hqonda rogorc mis Sesvlamde bandaSi, ise amis Semdeg: “1922 wlis martSi ColoyaSvilma siRnaRis mazraSi Semoikriba SeiaraRebuli TanamgrZnobebi da daiwyo tyeebSi malva. mas im TaviTve mouxda Setakeba siRnaRis samazro miliciasTan. am SetakebaSi moklul iqna samazro miliciis ufrosi da aT kacamde milicioneri da komunisti tyved iqna wayvanili. upartioebi gaaTavisufles, komunistebi ki daxvrites”. “ColoyaSvilis momxreebma sof. winandalSi iTxoves CamoSoreba zogierTi komunistisa, romlebic xels uSlidnen maT partiuli muSaobis gatarebas. erTxel, warmodgenis gaTavebis Semdeg, winandalSi gaCnda ColoyaSvilis banda, romelmac siiT gaiwvia 5-6 komunisti, gaiyvana tyeSi da daxvrita”. “gomboris raionSi banda daeca wiTelarmielebs, romlebic cxenebs aZovebdnen, waarTva maT cxenebi da waiRo wiTelarmielebis nivTebi”. “duSeTis mazraSi ColoyaSvilis gankargulebiT bandam daxvrita s. muxranidan duSeTSi fexiT mimavali amx. korzuni, politbiuros gamomZiebeli”. “amis Semdeg meore dRes daxvretil iqna bandis mier Sepyrobili komunisti milicioneri, xolo ramdenime xnis Semdeg, saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis rwmunebuli iakovlevi, romelic cxeniT duSeTSi midioda” (10. 55-56). “giorgi gverdwiTelma CamoTvala ColoyaSvilis bandis mier Cadenili yvela (xazgasma Cvenia _ g. s.) danaSauli: 1923 wlis Tebervlis 5-s banda Tavs daeca Telavis rkinis gzis sadgurs da salarodan gaitaca 105 milioni maneTi bonebiT. imave TebervalSi TianeT-Telavis gzaze banda Causafrda da Tavs daeca TelavSi mimaval fostas. waiRo 95 milioni maneTi bonebiT da 3 milioni waarTva fostalions. imave wlis ivnisSi pankisis xeobaSi banda Tavs daeca milicionerebs, mohkla mTavrobasTan Serigebuli banditi Cxetiani, dasWra erTi milicioneri da waarTva 8 cxeni. imave 1923 wlis ivlisSi yvarlis gzaze bandam gaZarcva 4 somexi vaWari _ waarTva maT Tambaqo, yveli, papirosebi da tikWora Rvino; erTi TuSi _ waarTva qamari, xanjali da qulaja. im drosve gaZarcves vaWari xmalaZe coliT, romlebsac waarTves ori oqros beWedi. imave wlis ivnisSi fSavebs da xevsurebs bandam waarTva 11 cxeni. ivlisis damlevs TianeTis gzaze sxvadasxva pirebs _ 8 kacamde _ waarTves tansacmeli da sxv. (10. 85-86). esaa da es! dRes ukve sayovelTaodaa cnobili, Tu ra araadamianuri wamebis meTodebiT xdeboda “Cekas” jurRmulebSi patimrebisgan Cvenebebis gamoZalva da, darwmunebulni varT, gamonakliss arc svimon yifiani da giorgi gverdwiTeli warmoadgendnen da maT iZulebiT aTqmevines yvelaferi, rac icodnen. axla gavaanalizoT maTi Cvenebebis Sinaarsebi. svimon yifianis CvenebaSi arcerTi wminda kriminaluri xasiaTis faqti dasaxelebuli araa, saubaria mxolod “SeficulTa” razmis wevrebis sabWoTa xelisuflebis samarTaldamcav struqturebTan momxdar Setakebebze, komunistebis, Cekistebis daxvretaze, upartioebis gaTavisuflebaze da a. S., anu samxedro meTodebiT brZolaze saZulveli, mtruli reJimis winaaRmdeg, romelmac maTi samSoblo daipyro, saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba daakargvina da iZulebiT jer sabWoTa ruseTis, xolo Semdeg _ sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvana. rac Seexeba giorgi gverdwiTelis Cvenebas, masSi motanil faqtebs, marTlac, SeiZleba mieces yaCaRobis kvalifikacia, magram... Tu ratom mokles Seficulebma “mTavrobasTan Serigebuli banditi” (sinamdvileSi Tavidanve “Cekas” agenti _ g. s.) tarasi Cxetiani, zemoT ukve visaubreT da aq sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. somexi vaWrebis, TuSis, vaWris da misi meuRlis, fSavlebis da xevsurebis gaZarcvis faqtebi Zalian hgavs “SeficulTa” razmis saxelis gasatexad Cekistebis mier mofiqrebul meTods, romelzec zemoT aleqsandre sulxaniSvili mogviTxrobda. Cven ver SevZeliT mogveZiebina damatebiTi informacia Telavis rkinigzis sadguris salaros gaZarcvis Sesaxeb; samagierod, aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis mogonebebSi daculia dawvrilebiTi cnobebi 1923 wlis TebervalSi TianeT-Telavis gzaze mimavali fostis gaZarcvasTan dakavSirebiT, saidanac momxdari faqti sul sxva WrilSi warmogvidgeba. giorgi gverdwiTelis CvenebaSi mokled aRniSnulia: “TebervalSi TianeT-Telavis gzaze banda Causafrda da Tavs daeca TelavSi mimaval fostas. waiRo 95 milioni maneTi bonebiT da 3 milioni waarTva fostalions”. al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, zamTris erT dRes razmelebma Seityves, rom “axmetis revkomis Tavmjdomare TianeTSi apirebda wasvlas Tormeti milicioneriT”. Seficulebs didi xania undodaT am pirovnebis Tavidan moSoreba, radgan man “Zlier Seawuxa axlomaxlo soflebi”. qaquca ColoyaSvilma mis mosaklavad ramdenime razmeli gagzavna TviTon al. sulxaniSvilis meTaurobiT. gzis piras Casafrebuli razmelebi saRamomde amaod elodnen revkomis ufrosis gamoCenas. “uceb, jer kidev SoriT SevniSneT, rom TianeTidan raRac amala modioda axmetis mimarTulebiT. Cven yuradRebiT davakvirdiT durbindebiT da gavarCieT raRac orcxeniani Casajdomi, romelsac zurgSi cxenebze amxedrebuli 6 Tu 8 milicioneri mosdevda. Cven umal gadavwyviteT maTi gaCereba da, sasrol manZilze gagviswordnen Tu ara, maSinve avamoqmedeT iaraRi. am srolas emsxverpla erTi milicioneri, ori daiWra, xolo danarCenebma ki Cveulebisamebr ukan mohkurcxles. Cven, rasakvirvelia, azrzec ar viyaviT, Tu ra mihqondaT im mitovebuli oTxTvalaTi. gasinjvisas, TiTqosda zRaparSi xdebao, masSi gadasaxadebSi akrefili, jer isev didron, qarTul tomrebSi Catenili fuli aRmoCnda! es xom marTlac moulodneli wyaloba iyo da, aba, xels rogora vkravdiT... Sin misvlisas, yeeniviT Semjdari rom daminaxes fuliT datvirTul cxenze, Seficulebma sicili astexes. aba, vin moeloda, rom sruliad sxva saqmeze wasulni ase xeldamSvenebulni davbrundebodiT! sawyeni iyo mxolod is, rom Cveni ZiriTadi amocana ver moviyvaneT sisruleSi. albaT, ikiTxavT, ra moxda, rom ase Seicvala gegma? revkomis ufross diliT unda gamoevlo. rogorc Cans, man Sescvala igi da amis gamo veRar SevxvdiT erTmaneTs. mereRa gamoirkva, Tu ra mizeziT momxdara es: roca Cven miliciasTan mogvixda iaraRiT Sebma, igi Turme swored im saRamoTi modioda Tavis milicionerebiT. baTqa-buTqis xma rom SesmiaT, SeCerebulan... ai, amnairad gadarCa maSin is saZageli qarTveli, axmetis revkomis ufrosi... fuli Cven cota rameSi Tu gamoviyeneT, magaliTad, Tambaqos an raRaca wvrilmanebis sasyidlad, Torem danarCeni Cvens mokavSireebs davurigeT soflebSi” (106. 165-170). vfiqrobT, yvelaferi naTelia _ komunistebis mier SeTxzuli miTi qaquca ColoyaSvilisa da misi “SeficulTa” razmis yaCaRobis Sesaxeb, marTlac, mxolod miTia da realur sinamdvilesTan saerTo araferi aqvs! amitom, erTxel da samudamod unda Sewydes Seficulebis “yaCaRebad” moxsenieba, Tundac pirad saubrebSi (oficialurad veRar bedaven); aRar unda ismodes skeptikuri, ironiuli RimiliT naTqvami fraza _ “kargi ra, egeni xom Cveulebrivi yaCaRebi iyvnen”-o. rasakvirvelia, yvelas aqvs ufleba, sakuTari azri gaaCndes ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, magram igi konkretuli faqtebiT da argumentebiT unda iyos gamyarebuli. Cven vnaxeT da davrwmundiT, Tu “SeficulTa” razmis yaCaRobis damamtkicebel raoden mwir masalas mouyares komunistebma Tavi _ ki ar eridebodaT maTi gamomzeureba, meti ver moipoves da imitom! kidev erTi metad saintereso faqti, romelic 1923 wels moxda: Seficulebma daatyveves didi ilias mkvleli gigla berbiWaSvili. razmelebs misi mokvla undodaT, magram qaqucam neba ar darTo da calke dasakiTxad waiyvana. mkvlelis dakiTxvis ambavi mas Semdgom aleqsandre sulxaniSvilisTvis mouyolia. Turme, dakiTxvis dros berbiWaSvili mTlad caxcaxebda da sikvdilis SiSiT sruli simarTle uTqvams. qaqucas gamourkvevia, rom berbiWaSvilisTvis ilias mkvleloba TviT filipe maxaraZes dauvalebia, Tanac sami Tumani miucia saxarjod, danarCens ki samomavlod Sepirebia; garda amisa, aRuTqvams, Tu am saqmes gaakeTebda, mTeli cxovreba pensiiT iqneboda uzrunvelyofili. mgosnis wiwamurSi gamovlis dro ki misTvis ilias meetle Tedo labaurs Seutyobinebia. qaqucas berbiWaSvili gauSvia, roca dro mova, misi Cveneba gamogvadgebao, magram am dros dadgoma, samwuxarod, arasodes ewera... (96. 15-16). 1923 wlis seqtembridan “SeficulTa” razmi Telavis maxloblad mdebare civis tyeebSi binadrobda. wlis bolos qaquca ColoyaSvilma qarTlSi gadasvla gadawyvita. am SedarebiT saimedo adgilidan Seficulebis wasvlis umTavres motivs maTi mizeziT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis rbeva-awiokeba warmoadgenda. qaqucam Tavis razmelebs uTxra: “Cveni aq gaCereba aRar SeiZleba, xalxs mTlianad amowyvetaveno” (67. 182). 1923-1924 wlebis zamTari Seficulebma qarTlsa da duSeTis mazrebs Soris mdebare raionebis tyeebSi gaatares. al. sulxaniSvilis TqmiT, “zamTari saSinlad mZime gamodga CvenTvis, magram mainc gavuZeliT” (106. 221). rogorc aRvniSneT, antirusuli ajanyeba unda momxdariyo 1924 wlis 9 Tebervals, magram jer noe xomerikis, xolo Semdeg _ gogita faRavas da giorgi winamZRvriSvilis dapatimrebebma (gogita faRava 1924 wlis 14 ianvars daapatimres, xolo giorgi winamZRvriSvili _ 28 ianvars) amboxebis dawyebis TariRis gadaweva gamoiwvia (43. 23). qaquca ColoyaSvilis razmi am periodSi kvlav qarTlSi, ZiriTadad, duSeTis mazris tyeebSi binadrobda. al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, 1924 wlis gazafxulze maT moZebnes manglisis maxloblad erT-erT sofelSi damaluli mixeil laSqaraSvili, romelic 1922 wlis ajanyebis Semdeg, mudmivad imaleboda, da qaqucasTan miiyvanes. am ukanasknelma igi “SeficulTa” razmSi Caricxa (106. 224-227). TviTon m. laSqaraSvili Tavis mogonebebSi miuTiTebs, rom 1924 wlis gazafxulze meuRlesTan erTad emigraciaSi wasvlas apirebda, rodesac mas qaquca ColoyaSvili daukavSirda. „1924 wlis martSi viyavi manglisis raionSi sofel botisSi da vcxovrobdi farulad... swored am periodSi, TbilisSi centralur paritetul komitets daedgina, rom ColoyaSvili Tavisi razmelebiT qarTlSi gadmosuliyo da momxdariyo Cemi da qaqucas erTmaneTTan dakavSireba“. 1924 wlis aprilis dasawyisSi mixeil laSqaraSvili Sexvda qaquca ColoyaSvils, daTanxmda mis winadadebas, monawileoba mieRo 1924 wlis ajanyebaSi da SeuerTda „SeficulTa“ razms. am droidan moyolebuli, agvistos damdegamde, razmi dabanakebuli iyo manglisis maxloblad, sofel botisis tyeSi. araviTar teraqts awyobdnen, raTa komunistebi winaswar ar gaeRizianebinaT. maisSi kaxeTidan gadmovida manamde jer kidev iq myofi Tormeti Seficulidan TerTmeti. erT-erTi _ „Zia“ (longinoz cixisTavi) gzaSi, Setakebisas, daiRupa. m. laSqaraSvilis cnobiT, maisSi, razmis gaerTianebis dros, masSi 16 kaci iricxeboda: „orni Zmebi oziaSvilebi _ gabo da iosebi sofel axateneli; miSa nacvliSvili _ yofili aficeri; rafo erisTavi; qimbariSvili _ aragvispireli ioseb joporti; aleqsandre baduraSvili _ jer kidev uwlovani ymawvili, mamamisma mihgvara ColoyaSvils razmSi; aleqsi feiqriSvili _ sofel mataneli, ColoyaSvilis didi erTguli damxmare, yofili komisari, sofel matanis glexi; maisuraZe malaqia glexi; kurdRela glexi mewisqvilis Svili; qisti maxmad-elCi; saSa sulxaniSvili, lelo Ciqovani, elizbar vaCnaZe, sergo maisuraZe, miSa laSqaraSvili _ sul 16 kaci viyaviT mudmiv SemadgenlobaSi ajanyebis dawyebamdis“ (66. 11). aqedan qaquca ColoyaSvils mudmivi kavSiri hqonda “damkomTan” da “samxedro komisiasTan”, romlebsac Tavis yvela moqmedebas uTanxmebda. al. sulxaniSvili aRniSnavs, rom “kaxeTSi, TianeTis, duSeTisa da goris mazrebSi Cven karga gvyavda darazmuli xalxi amboxebisaTvis da mxolodRa drois Setyobineba iyo saWiro, rac “damkomma” ikisra. amis garda, “damkomis” valdebulebas Seadgenda razmebis Camoyalibeba sxva mxareebSic, vinaidan Cven ar SegveZlo muSaoba mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT mxolod imitom, rom siSoris gamo ver vwvdebodiT Soreul raionebs“ (106. 227). gazafxulze qaquca sof. kavTisxevSi saidumlod Sexvda masTan mosalaparakeblad Casul s. zaldastaniSvils, romelic aRniSnul Sexvedras SemdgomSi ase ixsenebda: “cota dagvianebiT mokavSirem qaquca moiyvana. mas axlda Tavisi Seficuli lelo Ciqovani. amaTac im dRes bevri gancdebi gadaetanaT. sofelSi Cekistebi daTareSobdnen da ramdenjerme im venaxsac misdgomodnen, sadac amaT Tavi SeefaraT. sanam kargad ar dabnelda, venaxidan ar gamosuliyvnen”. molaparakeba erT-erTi cixis nangrevebSi gaimarTa. “gavacani qaqucas mdgomareoba da “damkomis” saxeliT vTxove, moTmineba gamoeCina, radganac gamosvla saqarTveloSi da mTiuleTSi erTad unda momxdariyo, da es saWiroebda zogierTi sakiTxis mogvarebas. gamosvlis gadadeba bevrad ar esiamovna qaqucas, magram ras izamda?! saqme morCilebas moiTxovda. aqve gadavwyviteT mTavarsardlis kandidatura wamogveyenebina. bevri laparakis Semdeg, gen. s. WavWavaZe avirCieT. saqmis moTavebis Semdeg, qaqucam mTxova, Tavis binaze wavyolodi da danarCeni razmelebic menaxa. siamovnebiT davTanxmdi da maSinve gzas gavudeqiT. maisis patara Rame iyo; sibneliT unda gvesargebla da Cqara gvevlo, rom diliT binaze avsuliyaviT. me, orive fexSi daWrils, siaruli miZneldeboda. Sua gzaSi qaqucas TanaSemwe kap. vaCnaZe da sergo maisuraZe dagvxvdnen, tyidan gzis dasazverad Camosuliyvnen. exla xuTni viyaviT. win, ocdaaTi nabijiT, sergo maisuraZe migviZRoda, ukan lelo Ciqovani gvfaravda, sanam tyeSi SevidodiT. uceb s. maisuraZem Tofi mxarze miibjina da viRacas Sehyvira: “ukan mibrundiT!”. Cven rom mivuaxlovdiT, Semdegi suraTi davinaxeT: soflidan momavali xalxi, 15 kacamde, gaeCerebina, gzis napiras gadaeyvana, zurgi Cvensken eqnevina da, sanam Cven ar gavcildiT karga moSorebiT, ar gaaTavisufla, TiTon ki mardad dagvewia da isev Tavis adgili daiWira. diliT daRlil-daqanculebi binaze avediT. axlo sofelSi gaegoT, rom belads qalaqidan saidumlo mTavrobis kaci mosvlia da ramdenime glexkaci ZRveniT amovidnen. mTeli dRe imaTTan gavatare da saRamos iqaur glexkacTan erTad sadgurisaken daveSvi. glexkacma sxva gziT sadgur qsanSi amomiyvana. TbilisSi diliT 10 saaTze Camovedi. sadgurTan axlo saidumlo binaze Tavi Sevafare. “damkomis” wevrebs vacnobe Cemi dabruneba da imave saRamos mowveul krebaze moxseneba gavakeTe” (43. 24-26). “damkomis” da “samxedro komisiis” mier Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT, ajanyeba 1924 wlis 17 agvistos erTdroulad saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi unda dawyebuliyo. s. zaldastaniSvilisa da polkovnik irakli cagurias cnobiT, amboxebulebs mTavari dartyma TbilisisTvis unda mieyenebinaT, romlisTvisac sami mimarTulebidan unda SeetiaT: kojris mxridan _ qaquca ColoyaSvils (am mizniT igi agvistos dasawyisSi Tavisi razmiT Tbiliss 20 kilometrze miuaxlovda da sofel naxSirgorasTan dabanakda), duSeTidan _ mixeil laSqaraSvils, xolo vazianidan _ irakli cagurias (128. 568-570; 135). s. zaldastaniSvilis TqmiT, “am xanSi vazianis midamoebSi dabanakda mTeli amierkavkasiis artileria 120 zarbazniT (i. caguria 98 zarbazans asaxelebs _ g. s.). am Zalis xelSi Cagdeba naxevrad mainc swyvetda Tbilisis beds. amisaTvis saCqarod avmuSavdiT. davamuSaveT gegma, romliTac mTeli artileria xelSi gvivardeboda. am raionis sardlad dainiSna artileristi polk. irakli caguria. mis gankargulebaSi iyo am raionis soc.-dem. razmi. damuSavebuli gegmiT maT unda CamoerTmiaT rusebisaTvis zarbaznebi da mosdgomodnen Tbiliss navTluRis mxriv” (43. 30). Tbilisze Setevis dawyebis Semdeg, amboxebas SeuerTdebodnen uSualod dedaqalaqSi myofi “damkvreli razmebi”. aseTi viTareba iyo agvistos dasawyisSi, rodesac 6 agvistos Cekistebma TbilisSi Seipyres ajanyebis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli, saxalxo gvardiis sardali valiko juReli. “rodesac is mtkvris marcxena mxridan borniT saburTaloSi gadmodioda daniSnul partiul krebaze dasaswreblad. am dRidan daiwyo ajanyebis CaSla. mis dapatimrebas mohyva gegmis Secvla da ajanyebis cud pirobebSi dawyeba” (s. zaldastaniSvili) (43. 30). s. zaldastaniSvili Tavis mogonebebSi dawvrilebiT aRwers, Tu rogor viTardeboda movlenebi valiko juRelis dapatimrebis Semdeg. “Secvlilma mdgomareobam damuSavebuli gegmis Secvla gamoiwvia”. “damkomma” gadawyvita, ajanyebis dawyeba, 17 agvistos nacvlad, sxva dRisTvis gadaedo, ajanyebis centrad ki qaquca ColoyaSvilis banaki gamoecxadebina. “saCqarod gaigzavna yvelgan Sikrikebi, rom ajanyeba SeeCerebinaT”. qaqucasTan, romelic 17 agvistos ajanyebis dasawyebad emzadeboda, aRniSnul sakiTxze molaparakeba “damkomma” solomon zaldastaniSvils daavala. es ukanaskneli 16 agvistos, gamTeniisas, meamboxeTa banakSi mivida, sadac “qaqucasTan ukve Tavi moeyaraT manglisisa da diRomis raionebis warmomadgenlebs da beladisagan, e. i. qaqucasagan, gankargulebas elodnen”. axlomaxlo soflebidan SeiaraRebulma xalxma mosvla dilidan daiwyo. Tavdapirvelad, elizbar vaCnaZem moiyvana sabrZolvelad momzadebuli razmi, romelsac moxuci mRvdelic amohyva. man qaqucas Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: “vici, Svilo, ukve brZolis dReebi dadga, mebrZolni sakmarisad gyavs, me ki Tqven dasalocad amovedi”. im wuTisaTvis qaqucas 200 SeiaraRebuli meomari hyavda; 17 agvistos damatebiT 400 kacs elodeboda, romlebic am mizniT ramdenime dRis win wasul Seficulebs: mixeil laSqaraSvils, mixeil nacvliSvils, gabo oziaSvils, sergo maisuraZes, ioseb qimbariSvils, aleqsandre baduraSvils, ilia qarumiZes da sxvebs unda moeyvanaT. mTlianobaSi, 17 agvistosTvis qaquca ColoyaSvils “600 kacamde ugrovdeboda da es Zala Tbilisze ieriSis misatanad mTlad sakmarisi iyo, miT umetesad, rom TbilisSi sxva razmebi unda dahxvedroda. qaquca darwmunebuli iyo, rom erT RameSi rusebs Tbilisidan garekavda” (43. 32). “sabralmdeblo daskvnaSic” miTiTebulia, rom agvistos ajanyebis dawyebis win “ColoyaSvils hyavda 600 SeiaraRebuli kaci, romlebsac unda mieRebinebinaT amboxebaSi monawileoba kaxeTisTvis, duSeTis mazrisaTvis da manglisis raionisaTvis” (10. 65-66). al. sulxaniSvilis TqmiT, “Cvenma gagzavnilma kacebma aTeulebad da oceulebad dayofili moiyvanes daniSnul adgilas rogorc mTeli Cveni razmi, aseve meamboxeebic. elizbaris meTaurobiT yovel oceuls hyavda ufrosi. eseni iyvnen miSa nacvliSvili, rafiel erisTavi, miSa laSqaraSvili da sxvebi” (106. 229). roca s. zaldastaniSvilma qaquca ColoyaSvils ajanyebis dawyebis TariRis gadawevis Sesaxeb “damkomis” da mTavarsardlis _ general spiridon WavWavaZis gadawyvetileba gaacno, igi Zalian aRelda da amboxebis 1924 wlis oqtombrisTvis gadadeba moiTxova, rac Semdegnairad daasabuTa: “xom xedav, xalxi Tavs iyris da Tu droze gamovediT, imedi maqvs, razms ufro gavaZliereb. Tu gamosvla 20 agvistos ar moxda, maSin TbilisTan axlo tyeSi amden xalxs ver Sevinaxam, sanovagis sakiTxi amisaTvis mogvarebuli ara maqvs da iZulebuli gavxdebi, ramodenime dRis Semdeg xalxi sofelSi davabruno. axlo momavalSi maTi Tavis moyra advili aRar iqneba. minam glexkaci purs da Rvinos ar daabinavebs, aRar gamova. radgan gadadeba aucilebelia, maSin goniereba moiTxovs, ajanyeba oqtombrisaTvis gadaidos”. s. zaldastaniSvili mogonebebSi miuTiTebs, rom man qaqucas mosazreba, Seqmnil viTarebaSi ajanyebis ramdenime TviT gadadebis Sesaxeb, mTlianad gaiziara da darwmunebuli iyo, “rom “damkomi” da mTavarsardali am Sexedulebas mxedvelobaSi miiRebda”. ufro metic, SeficulTa banakSi s. zaldastaniSvilis yofnis drosve qaqucam Sikrikebi dagzavna, rom “m. laSqaraSvilisa da m. nacvliSvilis razmebi TavianTi raionebidan ar daZruliyvnen da mis gankargulebis molodinSi yofiliyvnen” (43. 52). kidev erTgan s. zaldastaniSvili wers: “imave dRes radganac miRebul iqna ajanyebis sami TviT gadadeba, kacebi daugzavna, rom mxolod mesame Tves gamocxadebuliyvnen” (43. 52). aRniSnuli winadadebidan ise gamodis, rom “paritetuli komitetis” wevrma s. zaldastaniSvilma, komitetis sxva wevrebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, gadawyvetileba miiRo ajanyebis sami TviT gadadebis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, mas swamda, rom TbilisSi dabrunebis Semdeg, “damkomis” wevrebs am gadawyvetilebis miRebis aucileblobaSi daarwmunebda. aseTi ganwyobiT dabrunda s. zaldastaniSvili TbilisSi, sadac aRniSnul sakiTxze “damkomis” sxdomaze moxseneba gaakeTa. “paritetuli komitetis” xelmZRvanelobam qaquca ColoyaSvilis mosazreba ar gaiziara. “samwuxarod, ajanyeba gadaido ara sami TviT, rogorc qaquca ColoyaSvili moiTxovda, aramed TerTmeti dRiT” (43. 33-34, 51-52). mravali wlis Semdeg, Seficuli al. baduraSvili miuTiTebda: “amboben, rom qaqucas ajanyebis gadadeba ganuzraxavs, magram “damkomis” wevrebs sxva azri gamouTqvamT” (11. 15). 1924 wlis 20 agvistos gaimarTa “damkomis” kreba, romelzec ajanyebis sakiTxze msjelobdnen. krebis dasrulebis Semdeg, “damkomis” Tavmjdomaris moadgile iason javaxiSvili meamboxeTa mTavar banakSi wavida. “qaqucam da misma razmma mSvenieri STabeWdileba moaxdina i. javaxiSvilze da gamxnevebuli da didi imediT 22 agvistos ukan dabrunda” (s. zaldastaniSvili) (43. 35). aRniSnul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT, 1925 wlis 17 ianvars parizSi gamarTul “saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis sazRvargareTis delegaciis” sxdomaze gakeTebul moxsenebaSi s. zaldastaniSvili acxadebda: “miTxres, rom Zalebi ar Seugrovdes qaqucas, magram gvian iyo, radgan me rom mivedi, xalxi ukve grovdeba _ elizbari modis, xalxi mosdevs, mRvdelic aris maT Soris _ locavs maT... xalxi gaiZaxis “saqarTvelos gaumarjos”, “Cven belads gaumarjos”. momenti metad amaRlebuli. manglisi gvpirdeba 300 kacs. diRomidan modis SeiaraRebuli xalxi. dro ar iTmens, xalxi tyeSi ar gaCerdeba, siZnele didi aris. davbrundi TbilisSi. im dResve kreba “damkomis” _ aCqarebiT. gamosvla aris saWiro...” (105. 214). rogorc vxedavT, s. zaldastaniSvili Tavis mogonebebSi dabejiTebiT amtkicebs, rom man mTlianad gaiziara qaquca ColoyaSvilis mosazreba, Seqmnil viTarebaSi ajanyebis ramdenime TviT gadadebis Sesaxeb, da Seecada amaSi “damkomis” xelmZRvanelobac daerwmunebina, magram amaod. mis sapirispirod, al. sulxaniSvili darwmunebulia, rom swored s. zaldastaniSvilma aiZula qaquca, Tanxmoba ganecxadebina ajanyebis agvistos bolos dawyebis Taobaze. misi cnobiT, s. zaldastaniSvilma “daiwyo molaparakeba qaqucasTan imis Taobaze, Tu rodisTvis gadadebuliyo gamosvlebi. rogorc Semdeg gamoirkva, zaldastaniSvils miTiTeba hqonia miRebuli, ise waremarTa molaparakeba, rom daaxloebiT agvistos bolo ricxvebSi momxdariyo gamosvlebi. qaquca did uarze idga im sababiT, rom cudi adgilebis gamo arasgziT ar SeiZleba amodena xalxis Senaxva TiTqmis ori kvirao. amas garda, yovel meamboxes mxolod sami dRis sagzali hqonda wamoRebuli saxlidan, da mere rogor unda gvekveba isini? amisaTvis, qaqucas azriT, ukeTesi iyo, Tu gamosvlebi oqtombris pirveli naxevris Semdeg Sedgeboda, magram “damkomis” warmomadgeneli riRas Tavkaci iyo, Tu Tavisas ver gaitanda! amgvarad, didi sja-baasis Semdeg qaqucac daiyabules, rom gamosvlebi agvistos bolos momxdariyo” (106. 234). asea Tu ise, qaquca ColoyaSvilis didi winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, “paritetuli komitetis” xelmZRvanelobam (kote andronikaSvilma, iason javaxiSvilma, daviT oniaSvilma, Salva amirejibma) da mTavarsardalma spiridon WavWavaZem 24 agvistos mainc daadgines, rom ajanyeba 29 agvistos, Ramis 2 saaTze mTel saqarTveloSi erTdroulad unda dawyebuliyo. s. zaldastaniSvilis TqmiT, ajanyebis mTavar Stabad qaquca ColoyaSvilis “SeficulTa” razmi gamocxadda, sadac 25 agvistos TviT “damkomis” zemoaRniSnuli meTaurebic dabanakdnen (sxva adgilas s. zaldastaniSvili “damkomis” wevrebis SeficulTa banakSi misvlis TariRad 26 agvistos uTiTebs, xolo al. sulxaniSvili _ 27 agvistos) (43. 35; 106. 233). al. sulxaniSvili pirdapir, daufaravad aRniSnavs, rom “damkomis” wevrebis “mosvlam Zalian SegviSala xeli: siaruli imaT ar SeeZloT da RamiT siciviT kankalebdnen. erTi sityviT, yvelanairad gvabrkolebdnen” (106. 234). savele pirobebSi yofna gansakuTrebiT kote andronikaSvils gauWirda. imave al. sulxaniSvils Tavis sxva naSromSi: “ra xdeboda metexis cixeSi qarTvelebs Soris 1923 da 1924 wlebSi da ilias mkvlelobis sinamdvile”, amasTan dakavSirebiT, sayuradRebo cnoba moepoveba: “damkomis” Semadgenlobis gadmosvlam CvenTan Zalian xeli SegviSala, Cven maT movlas vundebodiT. amis garda, Zneli iyo maTTvis Tbil loginSi SeCveul mosvenebas, da exla miwaze wola da RamiT siaruli, ra Tqma unda, ver aitanes. nametnavad, kote andronikaSvilma, romelic ukve xanSi Sesuli iyo, da rogorc gamoirkva, susti guli hqonia. erT dilas Rame siarulis Semdeg, guls Semoeyara. movasveneT, movuareT karga, gamokeTda. amis Semdeg cxeniT vatarebdiT. rodesac kote gamokeTda, amoiRo jibidan patara parki oqros fulebiT da aZlia qaqucas, rogorc ginda, ise moixmareo. qaqucam es oqro ar gamoarTva, ara, batono, Tqvena gqondeT, Tu damWirda, getyviTo, magisTvis ara mcaliano. kote andronikaSvili rodesac daatusaRes, es oqro wiTlebma waiRes, cxadia! Cven ki samzRvargareT rom gamovediT, xuTi Cervoneci gvqonda mTel razms” (107. 19). 27 (zogi cnobiT _ 28) agvistos bedenis mTaze “damkomis” Tavmjdomarem _ kote andronikaSvilma qaquca ColoyaSvils ajanyebis droSa gadasca. al. kargareTeli am faqts SemdgomSi ase igonebda: “ukve blomad xalxi mogrovda. saRamos gaimarTa aRlumi. b. kote andronikaSvilma warmosTqva sityva qaqucas moqmedebaze; miuloca erovnuli gmiroba, gadasca droSa da usurva gamarjveba. yvelam “vaSa! gaumarjos qaqucas! gaumarjos saqarTvelos!” SevZaxeT. maSinve gamovida mRvdeli da gadixada paraklisi” (54. 18-19). ajanyebis win “SeficulTa” razmSi da, zogadad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli ganwyobis Sesaxeb, s. zaldastaniSvili miuTiTebda: “CrdiloeT kavkasias saqarTvelosTan erTad unda daewyo ajanyeba 29 agvistos 2 saaTze (ganTiadze). 27 agvistos qaqucas banakidan iason javaxiSvilis werili miviReT, romelic gvatyobinebda, ramdenad kmayofili iyo qaqucas razmiT. am dRes TbilisSic yvelani amoZravdnen: xalxs gambedaoba moemata, oficrobac aRarafers erideboda, Txoulobdnen qaqucasTan gagzavnas an romelime razmSi Caweras. “Ceka” SiSobda, orWofobda da Tavis gadasarCenad ufro iol gamosavals eZebda. 28 agvistos ki diliT zomebis misaRebad gambedaoba dakarga” (43. 36). yvela avtori, vinc ki 1924 wlis ajanyebis Sesaxeb wers (s. zaldastaniSvili, r. diuge, al. sulxaniSvili, i. caguria da sxv.), erTxmad aRniSnavs, rom sabediswero gamodga WiaTuraSi ajanyebis 24 saaTiT adre, 28 agvistos, dawyeba. “nebiT Tu uneblieT, es iyo namdvili Ralati, zurgSi xanjlis Cacema! imave diliT... xelisuflebam xeli mihyo SeniSnuli pirebis daWeras da adgilzeve daxvretas mTel aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT, kaxeTSi” (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 234); “daniSnul droze 24 saaTiT adre... WiaTuris naadrevma gamosvlam saSualeba misca sabWoTa ufrosebs, droze mieRoT energiuli zomebi ajanyebis Casaqrobad... WiaTuris gamosvlam ar mogvca saSualeba mtris moulodnelad CaWerisa da misi damarcxebisa” (i. caguria) (135); “WiaTuraSi 24 saaTiT adre gamosvlam dro da iniciativa moqmedebisa “Cekas” da xelisuflebas gadasca. imave dRes, e. i. 28 agvistos gamoacxades samxedro wesebi... xelisufleba ieriSiT qarTveli xalxis winaaRmdeg gamovida. magaliTad, kaxeTis yvela organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebi 29 agvistos Rame daiWires da suyvelani daxvrites... xelisuflebam terors mihyo xeli da asobiT gahyavda xalxi dasaxvretad” (s. zaldastaniSvili) (43. 36-37). samwuxarod, am droisTvis qaquca ColoyaSvils, dagegmili 600 meomris nacvlad, mxolod daaxloebiT 100-150 kaci mougrovda. al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, “gamosvlebis dRed 29 agvisto dainiSna, magram am xnis ganmavlobaSi sul mTlad Semogvefanta mogrovili xalxi. zogni saxlebSi wavidnen im pirobiT, rom 27 agvistos dabrundebodnen da Cvensken aRarc mouxediaT” (106. 230). al. kargareTelic aRniSnavs, rom qaquca ColoyaSvilma banakidan “duSeTSi gagzavna Cemi biZaSvili petiko kargareTeli gabo oziaSvilTan, romelic duSeTis mazraSi agrovebda xalxs. ori dRis Semdeg, petiko dabrunda da moutana arasasiamovno ambavi. gabo abarebda: orasi kaci myavda mogrovili da TiTqmis yvela dabrundao, radganac ajanyeba gaicao. Sematyobine, rogor moviqceo” (54. 18). “ColoyaSvilis sityvebi gamarTlda da 29 agvistosTvis xalxis Sekreba Zneli aRmoCnda. es iyo mizezi, rom uwindeli 600 kacis nacvlad, qaqucas mxolod 140 kaci mouvida” (s. zaldastaniSvili) (43. 53). yvelafer amas isic daerTo, rom polkovnikma irakli caguriam vazianis bazis aReba ver moaxerxa. araxelsayreli viTarebis miuxedavad, qaquca ColoyaSvilma mainc scada ajanyebis bedis Setrialeba, Tumca rogorc al. sulxaniSvili aRniSnavs, grZnobda, rom “gamosvlebi wagebuli iyo”. 29-30 agvistos Rames, misi brZanebiT, elizbar vaCnaZem SeficulTa erTi nawiliT manglisis samxedro saswavlebels Seutia, sadac dabanakebuli iyo rusuli jaris batalioni 300 kursantTan erTad. imave al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, “SuaRamisas mivuaxlovdiT kursantebis yazarmebs. sul 70 kaci viyaviT, radgan meamboxeTagan Zalian cota dabrunda CvenTan. garda amisa, manglisis raioni sruliad ar SemogvierTda. da, ai, am mcire ZalebiT mivadeqiT sabrZolvelad batalions, kursantebze rom ara vTqvaT ra” (106. 235). brZolis uSualo monawile _ al. kargareTeli manglisis samxedro saswavlebelze Tavdasxmas SemdgomSi ase igonebda: “razmis ufrosma el. vaCnaZem dagvawyo, rigebSi sam-sami kaci, da gagviZRva win. SuaRame gadasuli iyo, rom mivadeqiT mangliss. qalaqis ganapiras dabanakebuli iyo rusuli samxedro skola. mogvixda didi brZola maT kazarmebTan. pirveli sarTulis fanjrebidan dagviSines tyviamfrqvevebi. el. vaCnaZem da r. erisTavma male CaaCumes maTi srola. ukve Tendeba, kazarmaSi Cven Tavisuflad davdivarT da vkrefT vaznebs. yvela gaiqca sacvlebis amara. erisTavma tyviamfrqvevebi daSala da nawilebi aqeT-iqiT gadayara” (54. 20). imave RamiT “SeficulTa” razmis meore nawiliT lelo Ciqovanma manglisis maxloblad mdebare sofeli priuti daikava, magram Zalebis simciris gamo, amboxebulebma Seteva ver ganaviTares da iZulebulni gaxdnen, ukan daexiaT. isini, sof. ToneTis gavliT, kavTisxevisken gaemarTnen; ferdobebze tye-tye daeSvnen. 30 agvistos, saRamos, sof. winarexSi Cavidnen. aqedan qaquca ColoyaSvilma razmis nawili kavTisxevis asaRebad gagzavna, TviTon ki, SeficulTa sxva jgufTan da “damkomis” wevrebTan erTad, gza Zegvisken ganagrZo. 31 agvistos, gamTeniisas, Seficulebi sof. ZegvTan mdebare tyeSi dabanakdnen, saidanac saRamos navebiT md. mtkvarze gadavidnen da Sio mRvimis monasterSi avidnen. berebma qaqucas razmelebi gulTbilad miiRes. Rame monastris maxloblad, patara tyeSi gaaTies. al. kargareTeli igonebs, rom meore diliT igi marto mivida Sio mRvimis monasterSi, sadac erT-erTma berma axali gazeTi gadasca. gazeTSi dabeWdili iyo informacia sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier xalxis masobrivi daxvretebis Sesaxeb. saSikom gazeTi qaqucas da “damkomis” wevrebs miutana. gazeTSi dastambulma cnobam maTze damTrgunveli STabeWdileba moaxdina (9. 36-37; 43. 53; 54. 20-21; 67. 183-184; 106. 234). s. zaldastaniSvilis da al. kargareTelis mogonebebis mixedviT, 1 seqtembers qaquca ColoyaSvilma Sio mRvimis monasterSi datova “damkomis” ramdenime wevri, maT Soris, kote andronikaSvili, romlebsac aseT rTul pirobebSi yofna da gadaadgileba uWirdaT (aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom al. sulxaniSvili “damkomis” wevrebis datovebis adgilad SecdomiT qvaTaxevis monasters uTiTebs _ 106. 234), TviTon ki SeficulebTan erTad duSeTis mimarTulebiT gaemarTa. razmSi “damkomis” meTaurebidan mxolod mTavarsardali spiridon WavWavaZe da Salva amirejibi darCnen. SuaRamisas razmelebi md. aragvs miadgnen. erT-erTma Tanmxlebma mTiulma, romelmac curva ar icoda, mdinareSi Sesvla ver gabeda. “beladma SesZaxa: vin gava mis gamosayvanad? aravin aRmoCnda moxalise. maSin TviTon qaquca moaxta cxens da SeiWra aragvSi. karga xnis Semdeg, mTiuli cxenze ukan Semosmuli gamoiyvana” (al. kargareTeli) (54. 22). 2 seqtembris Rames qaquca ColoyaSvilis razmi moulodnelad Tavs daesxa duSeTis satusaRos da dasaxvretad ganwiruli aTeulobiT adamiani, maT Soris, Seficulebi _ Salva nebieriZe da merab jorjaZe gaaTavisufla (9. 36-37; 33. 125; 43. 38; 54. 22; 67. 183-184; 106. 238). 3 seqtembers Seficulebs didi brZola mouxdaT qalaqSi dabanakebul wiTlebis jarTan. al. kargareTelis TqmiT, “Sig qalaqSi ori kazarma savse yofila jariT. kazarmis saxuravze dadges tyviismfrqvevebi da iqidan ar gvaZlevdnen saSualebas. saRamos Svid saaTamde gveWira qalaqi. saRamos movidnen haeroplanebi, zarbaznebma daiwyes srola, kazarmebidan jari gamovida. Cven iZulebuli viyaviT, dagvetova qalaqi” (54. 22). duSeTidan “SeficulTa” razmi TianeTisken gaemarTa. gzaSi, sofel svimonianTxevSi, mas gza gadauWra bolSevikebis sakmaod mozrdilma samxedro SenaerTma, romelSic Sedioda cxenosani polkis eskadroni, daaxloebiT 200 milicioneri, agreTve, bevri aqtivisti komunisti. “mogvixda didi brZola; gavaiaraReT jari. cxenosani nawili gaiqca, danarCenebi tyved CavigdeT yvela, oras kacamde rusi da qarTveli cxenosani razmi... qaqucam moikiTxa maTi ufrosi. mouyvanes daWrili kapitani, romelmac moaxsena, rom Tbilisidan oficialuri cnoba miviRe, rom Tqven moxvidodiT dRes saRamoso. qaqucam upasuxa: mec egre viangariSe da imitom movedi wuxeliso. miubrunda damsxdar jariskacebs da rusulad sityva uTxra, Tu risTvis ibrZoda. Tqven, jariskacebi, arafer SuaSi xarTo da sxva bevri rameebi uTxra. rusebs es ise moewonaT, rom “ura!” iZaxes. yvela ganaiaraRa da gaanTavisufla” (al. kargareTeli) (54. 22). al. kargareTelis garda, svimonianTxevSi 6 seqtembers gamarTuli brZolis Sesaxeb cnobebi daculia misi monawileebis: Salva amirejibis da aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis mogonebebSi, agreTve, remon diuges naSromSi “moskovi da wamebuli saqarTvelo” (9. 36-37; 33. 124; 106. 239-243). “eqvs enkenisTves svimonianT-xevSi ufro lamazi brZola moxda. svimonianT-xevi erwos administraciuli punqtia, romelic cxenosan polkis erT eskadrons, orasamde samazro milicioners da mravalricxovan komunistur organizacias hqonda gamagrebuli. am Zalas qaquca RamiT daeca da win wamoweuli bolSevikuri yaraulebi, rogorc manglisSi, sofelSi Sereka. bolSevikebi medgrad icavdnen Tavis poziciebs, magram qaqucam isini adgilebiTgan amoreka da gaaqcia. mTeli eskadroni da milicia xelSi igdo” (S. amirejibi) (9. 36-37). “mogvivida ambavi, rom TianeTis mazris sofel svimonianTxevSi cxenosani jaria dabanakebulio. gadavwyviteT, aucileblad davcemodiT. amxanad Cven mxolod fexosanTa razmi rodiRa viyaviT. Cven ukve gvyavda cxenosanTa erTi mwyobri, romelic me Camabara qaqucam... SuaRamisas mivuaxlovdiT am sofels... atyda gacxarebuli srola. Cven maSinve win waviwieT da gzebi SevkariT. male gariJraJmac moatana da Cven naTlad vxedavdiT, Tu rogor gamorbodnen isini soflidan da Tavqudmoglejili mibragunebdnen samxreTiT, sadac maT TavianTi Zala egulvebodaT... am sofelSi aRmoCnda sakmaod didi Zala: 160 kaci, romelTa umetes nawils milicionerebi da partiulebi Seadgendnen, regularuli cxenosani jaris or mwyobrTan erTad... gaxarebuli gamoiSala am soflis mosaxleoba. yvela aRfrTovanebuli iyo Cveni gamarjvebiT... ra icodnen sawylebma, Tu Cveni gamosvlebis wyali gadawuruli iyo da Cven male iZulebiT unda gavdgomodiT sazRvargareTis bilikebs... TiTqmis saRamomde davrCiT im sofelSi da mzis gadaxris JamsRa daviZariT kmayofilni, radgan xalxma didi siyvaruliT da locva-kurTxeviT gamogvacila” (al. sulxaniSvili) (106. 239-243). „sofel simonianTxevSi ganlagebuli iyo wiTeli razmi, daaxloebiT 150-300 kaci da „Conis“ nawili. „Coni“ komunisturi Jandarmeriis msgavsi organizacia aris. bolSevikebi mas mudam iyenebdnen, gansakuTrebiT, xalxis mRelvarebis dros. es razmebi sursaT-sanovagiTac kargad iyvnen momaragebulni. polkovnik ColoyaSvils es ambavi Seatyobines. man saswrafod SearCia 80 saukeTeso Seficuli. maTTan erTad, daRamebisas, sofelSi Cavida, isargebla sibneliT da soflis SesasvlelTan gaCerda. iqidan undoda Setevis dawyeba, magram wiTlebi fxizlad darajobdnen sofels. meTaurma Setevis gegma Secvala. „sxva gziT unda Cavigdo isini xelSi“ _ gadawyvita polkovnikma. dauyovnebliv moifiqra ieriSis axali gegma. im adgilas, sadac bolSevikebma SeficulTa moaxloeba SeamCnies, ramdenime razmeli datova. amiT mtris yuradReba maTze gadaitana, Tavad ki sofels uCumrad Semouara. ganTiadisas polkovniki sruliad sxva mxridan daesxa Tavs bolSevikebs. moulodneli dartymiT sofeli daikava. gaognebuli da dabneuli mteri gaiqca, datova cxenebi, aRWurviloba, tansacmeli, erTi sityviT, yvelaferi, rac ajanyebulebs gamoadgebodaT. bolSevikebma datoves wiTeli kooperativis (saxelmwifo sakuTreba) sawyobis saqonelic. polkovnikis brZanebiT, saqoneli soflis mosaxleobas daurigda“ (r. diuge) (33. 124). Salva amirejibi aRniSnavs, rom swored svimonianTxevSi yofnis dros Seityves maT "damoukideblobis komitetis" mier gamocemuli proklamaciis Sesaxeb, romelic ajanyebas damarcxebulad Tvlida da xalxs iaraRis dayrisaken mouwodebda. “es arasasiamovno ambavi SegveZlo ar dagvejerebina da bolSevikur fandad migveCnia, magram, samwuxarod, Semowmebis Semdeg, cnoba marTali gamodga” (9. 36-37). svimonianTxevidan qaquca ColoyaSvili, TianeTis gavliT, kaxeTisken gaemarTa, sadac “ajanyebis Semotrialebis imedi kidev hqonda. mtris cxenebi da iaraRi daitova, tyveebi gaaTavisufla da gzas gaudga” (Salva amirejibi). Seficulebi patara mdinare xevgrZelasTan mdebare tyeSi dabanakdnen, sadac maT moulodnelad Tavs artileriiT SeiaraRebuli wiTeli armiis nawilebi daesxnen. bolSevikebis mizans qaquca ColoyaSvilis mokvla an tyved Cagdeba warmoadgenda, magram am ukanasknelis brwyinvale samxedro-taqtikuri niWis da gamocdilebis wyalobiT, es brZolac rusebis samarcxvino damarcxebiT damTavrda. xevgrZelaze gamarTuli saxelovani brZolis aRweriloba, mcireodeni saxecvlilebebiT, moipoveba misi uSualo monawileebis _ Salva amirejibis, aleqsandre sulxaniSvilis da aleqsandre kargareTelis mogonebebSi, agreTve, remon diuges naSromSi. maTi cnobebi erTmaneTs avsebs da istoriuli sinamdvilis aRdgenaSi gvexmareba. Salva amirejibis cnobiT, “movediT xev-grZelazed. es patara mdinare erwosa da TianeTis mijnazed Camodis da erTvis ufro modido mdinares _ iltos, romelic alazanSi Cadis. adgili magari, mTiani da tyiani iyo. xalxic ramodenime dRis uWmeli da uZilo. araviTari sabuTi ar iyo, rom mteri aseT adgilebSi Semovidoda da qaqucam gadaswyvita razmi aq daesvenebina. saWmelzed kacebi gagzavna, xolo danarCenebs neba misca cxenebisaTvis unagiri moexadaT. male cxvari da xmiadic moitanes da razmi danayrda. zogi miwva, zogma mdinareSi sacvalis recxva iwyo, zogma cxenebis banva. cxenebi sul darCeuli, komunisturi, iyvnen da Tavisi davla biWebs didad axarebda. qaqucas, spiridon WavWavaZes da me nabadi gagviSales da mivweqiT. jer ruli ar mogvkideboda, rom Tofi gavarda. qaquca wamoiWra. moirbina yaraulma da moaxsena, rom rusebi tyeSi Semosuliyvnen, magram tyeSi Semosvla araferia. rusebi ukve Tofsa da tyviamfrqvevelebs gviSendnen da maT Tavebs ocdaaT nabijzed vxedavdiT. tyviismfrqveveli ise lewda xSiri tyis totebs, TiTqos waldiT sWriano. Cveni banaki SeinZra. mZinareni, Tu ganzed gasulebi, erTad mogrovdnen. moulodnelma Tavdasxmam pirvelSi CoCqoli Seqmna, magram es CoCqoli erT wuTzed mets ar gagrZelda. rusebi ori adgilidan isrodnen. qaqucam ubrZana razms ukan gadaenacvla, xazi daeWira, xolo erT jgufs tyviismfrqvevelisaTvis moevlo. mere es darazmuli xalxi sroliT da yiJiniT wiTel armielebzed miuSva da, ostaturad, Semoparuli mteri, qveviT, xev-grZelazed, daaqana. Cvenebma karga manZilzed sdies. dagveWra mxolod erTi cxeni, rusis saldaTebs ki ramdenime kaci. mTeli es ambavi, maTi Cvenzed Tavdasxma, Cvengan maTi garekva, devna da swored xev-grZelazed daSveba, TxuTmet wuTzed meti ar gagrZelebula. qaqucam brZana cxenebis Sekazmva da am adgilidan wasvla. am dros gaisma zarbaznebis griali. Cven yuri mivugdeT _ Cvensken xom ar isrodnen da vicinodiT, rom maTi yumbara Cven ver gvwvdeboda da male sul samSvidobos viqnebodiT. namdvilad ki, iqve Cvens axlos, didad sayuradRebo ambavi xdeboda. wiTeli jaris nawilebi, im wuTSi, CvenTvis arafers warmoadgenda, radgan im dReebSi RmerTi Cven mxarezed iyo da qaquca komunistebs yvelgan erekeba. aRsaniSnavi iyo mxolod is garemoeba, rom wiTel armielebi tyeSi Semovidnen. unda vaRiaroT, rom maTi saqcieli friad Tamami iyo da arc ubralo avantura. mxolod Semdeg SevityveT, rom es iyo friad ostaturi gegma qaqucas xelSi Casagdebad ganzraxuli da Tamamad warmoebuli. es gegma Semdegi iyo: mangliszed Tavdasxmis Semdeg, komunistebma qaqucas kvali dahkarges. is aRmoaCines mxolod duSeTSi da amis Semdeg kval-da-kval dasdevdnen. pirveli barieri svimonianT-xevSi gaumarTes, magram qaqucam gahfanta isini. radganac maT kargad icodnen, rom erwodan kaxeTSi gadavdiodiT, amitom qveiTi jari da artileria gzaSi daaxvedres. maTi razmis daniSnuleba, romelic tyeSi Semogvepara, iyo qaquca Tavisi razmiT xev-grZelazed daeqanebina, sadac, moxerxebul adgilas, mTavari Zalebi iyvnen Casafrebuli. damarcxebuli ajanyebis, an mkvdari, an cocxali mis meTauris ase xelSi Cagdeba, gamarjvebuli komunistebisaTvis didi davla da triumfi iqneboda. gegma ostaturi da gabeduli iyo, magram qaqucam es gegma gadauyirava da TiTon es rusis razmi dauSva, moxerxebuli taqtikiT, xev-grZelazed. iq momlodine rusis jarma ifiqra, rom morboda qaqucas razmi da zarbazani dauSina. radgan zarbaznis srola didxans ismoda, advilad warmosadgenia, ra zarals miayenebdnen isini Tavis razms. mokled, am dRes rusis wiTelma laSqarma erTmaneTi Jlita. es ambavi Cven maSinve gavigeT da Semdeg, kiasxevSi rom CavediT, sxvebmac dagvimowmes. bolSevikebs fardag-gadafarebuli urmiT CamohqondaT TelavSi Tavisi mkvdrebi da daWrilebi da soflis xalxs eubnebodnen, rom qaqucas razmelebi ariano. aseTi marcxis Semdeg iyo, rom Cekisti miasnikovi sajaro leqciazed tfilisSi ambobda: Tavis moqmedebaSi ColoyaSvili iseT partizanul taqtikas mimarTavs, rom masTan regularuli jaris brZola uSedegoao. qaqucam rom am Tavisi taqtikiT bolSevikebs im dRes erTmaneTi aJletina, miasnikovs, ra Tqma unda, araferi uTqvams” (9. 36-37). aleqsandre sulxaniSvili: “TianeTis mazridan Telavis mazraSi gadavinacvleT... bina xevgrZelis tyeebSi davideT... am dros Cven yoveli mxridan dagvdevda didi mdevari... wiTlebi dagvesxnen Tavs... isini im mxridan mogvadgnen, saidanac Cven ar movelodebodiT, imdenadac ki, rom yaraulic ar dagviyenebia iq. momxdurni karga axlo mosuliyvnen da ise agvitexes srola. radgan Cven maSinve SevutieT, maT zemodan daapires movla, magram zevidanac Cven davaswariT wamovla da, swrafad rom ar moekurcxlaT ukanve, ise iqnebodnen momwyvdeulni, rogorc Tagvi xafangSi. erTi sityviT, male ki uSveles Tavs, magram ori Tu sami mkvdari mainc moitoves ukan. am srolis dawyebisas binaSi gaSlil nabadze iyvnen wamowolilni Salva amirejibi da generali WavWavaZe. arc erTi maTgani ar SemkrTala Tundac erTi bewoTi. piriqiT, amirejibma Tvalis daxamxamebaSi daiZro nagani da jiqur wamoeSvela Seficulebs. misma amgvarma saqcielma marTlac rom ufro maRla aswia misi Rirseba yvelas TvalSi” (106. 243-244). aleqsandre kargareTeli: “daiwyo didi brZola. mtris marcxena frTam xevgaRmidan ukan daixia, gadmovida marjvena mxares, gvivlian zurgSi. agreTve, maTi marjvena frTac ase moiqca; mteri meore mxridan zurgSi gvivlis, aris Seuwyveteli brZola. mteri karga Rrmad SemoiWra tyeSi. Cveni orTave frTa gaerTianda da exla erTad vaZlevT brZolas. SuadRisas ki astyda mtris zarbaznebis quxili. beladma gvibrZana, SevaCereT srola da SemovuareT erT patara goraks, avediT saswrafod mTis wvervalze. iq, qvemoT ki, zarbaznebis ganuwyveteli srola ismis. aq qaqucam sTqva auRelveblad: “exla daxoceT erTmaneTi”-o. gen. WavWavaZem uTxra qaqucas: “Sen meore napoleoni xaro, ase eSmakurad rom Semoityue tyeSi jari da erTmaneTi axocine”-o (54. 23-24). remon diuge: „erTxel Seficulebis ufrosi kaxeTidan sxva provinciaSi apirebda wasvlas. iq misi yofna aucilebeli iyo. mas unda gaevlo teritoria, romelic bolSevikTa razmebs eWiraT. ColoyaSvils 100 Seficuli axlda. roca igi erT patara sofels (misi saxeli ar vici, igi mdebareobs axmetasa da duSeTs Soris) miuaxlovda, gaCerda. tyidan ar gamosula. iqidan sofeli xelisguliviT moCanda. polkovnikma soflelebs razmisaTvis puri sTxova. mosaxleoba, gaxarebuli imiT, rom SeuZlia daapuros beladi da misi Seficulebi, saCqarod axurebs Toneebs da purs acxobs. soflis maxloblad mdgarma wiTelma razmma cisken mimavali boli SeamCnia. Cveulebriv, am dros sofelSi purs ar acxoben. ra xdeba? razmis gamocdili ufrosi mixvda: puri amboxebulebisaTvis cxvebao. man soflis dasazverad patruli gagzavna. mzveravebma ambavi moitanes: sofelSi simSvidea, magram tyeSi raRac unda xdebodeso. wiTeli razmi orad gaiyo. sxvadasxva mxridan surT tyis garemocva. amiT gzas gadauWrian ajanyebulebs, alyaSi moaqceven da daatyveveben. rogorc vTqvi, tyidan sofeli da mis garSemo abibinebuli yanebi kargad Cans. marTalia, Seficulebi isveneben, magram guSagebi fxizloben. erT-erTma maTganma safrTxe SeamCnia. atexa gangaSi. ColoyaSvilis razmelebma iaraRs daavles xeli, gaica mokle da sxarti brZaneba. gamoCnda pirveli wiTeli razmic. imisaTvis, vinc miuCvevelia mTaSi da tyeSi brZolas, es damarcxebaa, magram SeficulebisaTvis, romelnic ramdenime welia aseT pirobebSi omoben, es gamarjvebaa. ColoyaSvilis ori jgufi fexakrefiT gaemarTa wiTlebisken. maT tye malavda. erTi jgufi marcxnidan uaxlovdeba wiTlebs, meore _ marjvnidan. wiTlebis avangardi am ori jgufis girakSi moeqca. Seficulebi orive mxridan erTdroulad ayrian tyviebs. gaocebuli bolSevikebi dafrTxnen. moeCvenaT, ajanyebulebma alyaSi gamogvamwyvdieso. swrafad daixies ukan da mokurcxles. wiTlebis meore razmi marcxnidan modioda. moulodnelad SeficulTa erTi nawili axalmosul wiTlebsa da gaqceul wiTlebs Soris aRmoCnda. magram moxda daujerebeli ram: dabneulma bolSevikebma tyviebi erTmaneTs dauSines. amis Semyure ColoyaSvilis biWebi gaitrunen, brZolas ganeridnen da mayureblis roli ikmares. mSvidad umzerdnen, rogor xocavdnen erTmaneTs Tavgzaabneuli barbarosebi. vinc gadarCa, Tavqudmoglejili gaiqca“ (33. 125-126). samwuxarod, 1924 wlis seqtemberSi xevgrZelasTan gamarTuli brZola „SeficulTa“ razmisTvis ukanaskneli aRmoCnda. qaqucam daiwyo Tbilisis dazverva, raTa gaego, SeiZleboda Tu ara qalaqis aReba, magram ukve gvian iyo _ bolSevikebs yvelgan zomebi mieRoT. man mdgomareobis gamosarkvevad TbilisSi Salva amirejibi gagzavna. swored im dros, rodesac qaquca ColoyaSvili Tavis SeficulebTan erTad gmirulad ibrZoda rusi dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg, saqarTveloSi wiTeli teroris manamde umagaliTo talRa agorda _ rogorc SemdgomSi TviTon sergo orjonikiZem aRiara ssrk centraluri komitetis 1924 wlis oqtombris plenumze lev trockis SekiTxvis pasuxad, “mivmarTeT masobriv daxvretebs, iqneb cota gadavaWarbeT, magram amas axla raRa eSveleba” (1. 8; 18. 19; 19. 41-42; 33. 121; 59. 130; 60. 72-73; 91. 54; 104; 124. 111; 140; 141. 103-107). saqarTvelos kompartiis ck-is maSindeli mdivani mixeil kaxiani gazeT “komunistSi” aRfrTovanebiT werda: “uxerxemlo menSevikebma datusaRebuli erTi Cveni amxanagis dasjac ver gabedes, maSin rodesac Cven maTi amxanagebi aTasobiT davxvriteT” (22. 25; 58. 5; 60. 72-73). senakis mazris komunisturi razmis meTauri daviTaia aRniSnavda: “TiToeul komunists gvwyuroda RvinosaviT gvesva ajanyebulTa sisxli” (111. 255). ajanyebis pirvelsave dRes Tbilisis satusaRoebidan gamoiyvanes da daxvrites politikuri patimrebi, romlebic ramdenime TviT adre iyvnen dapatimrebulebi da, cxadia, ajanyebaSi monawileobasac ver miiRebdnen (24 kaci). kaxeTis yvela organizaciis xelmZRvaneli 29 agvistos RamiT daiWires da maSinve daxvrites (3; 55; 104; 43. 40-41; 58. 5). valiko CubiniZe Tavis mogonebebSi aRniSnavda: “dRisiT Cekas sardafebs avseben cixeebidan gadayvanil patimrebiT, quCebSi da binebze axlad datyvevebul udanaSaulo moqalaqeebiT. Ram-RamobiT ki sergievis da petre didis quCebidan sami mimarTulebiT ezidebian sabargo avtomobilebi xel-fex gakrul mamuliSvilTa jgufebs. saburTalos, orTaWalis da kojris mxareze maT moelis uwmindur xeliT gaTxrili wminda da saZmo saflavebi. 30, 31 agvistos metexis cixidan waiyvanes da winaswar sasjelis gamoucxadeblad daxvrites 146 politpatimari. amierkavkasiis, saqarTvelos da rkinigzis sagangebo komisiebidan (Ceka) gayvanil da daxvretil iqna 120 adamiani, romelTa Soris ramdenime qalic iyo. sagubernio cixidan 7 kaci. cixeebis saavadmyofoebidan gaiyvanes mZime avadmyofebi ricxviT 14 kaci. sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi daxvrites: q. baTumSi – 100-mde kaci; q. samtrediis raionSi (axlomdebare soflebiT) _ 90-mde; q. foTSi – 20 kaci; q. ozurgeTSi _ 8 kaci; samegreloSi (zugdidis da senakis mazrebSi) _ 800 kaci. didi umravlesoba (90 procenti) amaTi iyo soflis mSromeli glexkacoba; quTaisSi _ 300 kaci, maT Soris, bevri gamoCenili qarTveli moRvaweebi, eqimebi, inJinrebi, maswavleblebi da mowinave muSebi, agreTve, dasavleT saqarTvelos arqiepiskoposi mitropoliti nazari; quTaisis mazra (xoni, baRdaTi da maTi raionebi) _ damsjelma eqspediciebma moaxdines saSineli ganadgureba. gadaswves saxlebi, waarTves glexobas sarCo-sabadebeli da daxvrites 150 kaci; WiaTurasa da zestafonSi _ 200; raWa-leCxumSi – 300; zemo svaneTSi brZola 25 seqtembramde grZeldeboda da didi msxverpli iyo. 14 kaci ki svaneTidan wayvanil da daxvretil iqnen samegreloSi; q. xaSurSi – 29 kaci; q. gorSi _ 400-mde; goris mazraSi (qalaqis garda) _ 500-mde, romelTa Soris 26 mRvdeli, 2 qali, danarCeni mSromeli glexkacoba da inteligencia; duSeTsa da duSeTis mazraSi _ 150; kaxeTSi (Telavisa da siRnaRis mazra) amowyvetilia didi nawili Tavad-aznaurobisa _ 300 kacamde; borCalos mazraSi mahmadianTa da qarTvelTa Soris _ 70; manglissa da sarTiWalaSi _ 200-mde. afxazeTidan da axalcixe-axalqalaqis raionebidan dapatimrebulebi aq, metexSi, ar CamouyvaniaT, amitom, Cven SeZleba ar gvqonda gamogverkvia iq daxvretilTa ricxvi. amrigaT, mTel saqarTveloSi daxvretilTa da daxocilTa ricxvi, ramdenaTac Cven SevZeliT aq moyvanil patimarTa cnobebiT gamogverkvia, aRwevs sami aTas cxraas Tvramet kacs, Tumca daxvretilTa raodenoba mniSvnelovnad metia” (2. 21; 22. 25; 133. 241-243, 249). 1924 wlis ajanyebis CaxSobis dros sabWoTa okupantebis mier Cadenil danaSaulTagan ramdenime sagangebod unda gamovyoT da davasaxeloT: xelisuflebam WiaTurisa da saCxeris meamboxeni Seiriga, iaraRayrili xalxi, daaxloebiT 150 kaci, TbilisSi gasagzavnad oTx sabargo vagonSi Caketa. vagonebSi iseTebic iyvnen, romlebsac ajanyebaSi araviTari monawileoba miuRiaT. gzaSi, kerZod, zestafonis sadgurSi, argveTis CixSi, matarebeli gaaCeres da daketil vagonebSi xalxi tyviamfrqvevebiT amoJlites. SemTxveviT gadarCa mxolod gvamebis qveS moyolili zurab wereTeli, magram isic fsiqiurad daavadda. am operacias xelmZRvanelobda cnobili sadisti, 1924 wlis ajanyebis dros WiaTurisa da saCxeris raionebSi moqmedi damsjeli razmis ufrosi ilarion (valiko) talaxaZe (22. 24; 31. 406-407; 33. 120; 43. 40-41; 58. 5; 60. 71; 74. 71; 88. 3; 89. 11; 111. 255; 133. 235). 1924 wlis represiebis dros yvelaze mZime dReSi isedac ukiduresad Seviwroebul mdgomareobaSi myofi qarTveli Tavadaznauroba aRmoCnda _ komunisturma xelisuflebam maT Seusia dezinformirebuli da egzaltirebuli glexobis nawili, romlis mTavar mizans sxvisi qonebis miTviseba warmoadgenda. isini moqmedebdnen sabWoTa saqarTvelos erT-erTi lideris _ levan RoRoberiZis Semdegi mowodebis Sesabamisad: “Tqven iciT, amxanagebo, rom saqarTveloSi 6 procenti Tavad-aznaurobisaa. es araCveulebrivi procentia, romelic arc erT qveyanaSi ar aris. Tu gind poloneTis panebis samefoSic, sadac Tavadaznaurobis procenti oTx procents aRwevs. Cven unda SevamciroT saqarTveloSi Tavad-aznaurobis procenti” (31. 406-408; 60. 72-73). marTlac, rogorc TviTon s. orjonikiZe aRiarebda, agvisto-seqtembris movlenebis dros daxvretilTa 95% Tavadaznauri iyo. yvelaze didi tragedia goris mazris sofel ruisSi datrialda, sadac TiTqmis mTlianad amowyvites TavadaznaurTa ramdenime sagvareulo: faniaSvilebis, klimiaSvilebis da mamacaSvilebis. faniaSvilebis ojaxi Sedgeboda oTxi mamakacis, xuTi mandilosnis da TxuTmeti bavSvisgan _ samidan ToTxmet wlamde. bavSvebi zogi akvanSi Casrises, zogi sarebze Camoacves da zogsac aivnidan isrodnen. qalebi jer gaaupatiures, Semdeg ki xanjlebiT daxoces (22. 25; 58. 5; 60. 72-73; 133. 236). am tragediis dros saswaulebrivad gadarCenili faniaSvilebis ojaxis mcirewlovani wevri _ zurab faniaSvili SemdgomSi igonebda: “faniaSvilebi ruisis Tavadebi viyaviT. erT dResac gagviyvanes da faniaSvilebis mTeli ubani dacxriles. mere ambobdnen, am masobriv xocva-Jletas levan RoRoberiZe xelmZRvanelobdao. im daWrilebidan bevri cocxal-mkvdari damarxes. erT-erTi aseTi 106 kacidan mec viyavi. gvamebi erTad Cayares sami metris siRrmis sarkofagSi da zemodan miwa dagvayares” (32. 4). kaxeTSi, sofel bakurcixeSi, yvela adgilobrivi Tavadi daiWires. Sehyares sabWos SenobaSi. mere daiwyo mitingi, romlis dasrulebis Semdeg misi momwyobni _ milicielebi da komkavSirlebi SeiWrnen Tavad adam vaCnaZis maranSi da saSinlad gamoTvrnen. Semdeg maT dapatimrebulebi gamoiyvanes sabWos Senobidan da qvebiT Caqoles (12. 13). TavadaznaurTa garda, okupantebma saqarTveloSi daxvrites ara erTi cnobili politikuri da samxedro moRvawe, muSa, glexi da sxv, maT Soris, vasil cabaZe, viqtor centeraZe, daviT (daTiko) dvali, gabriel ciskariSvili, daviT qarcivaZe (“meCongure”), iliko kopaleiSvili, aRaTi gordelaZe, generlebi yaralaSvili, furcelaZe, polkovniki nestor gardafxaZe, muSni da oTar dadianebi da sxv. (33. 122; 133. 236). da ara marto saqarTveloSi anadgurebdnen komunistebi politikur mowinaaRmdegeebs, aramed maT daxvrites ruseTis cixeebSi myofi 29 qarTveli politikuri da samxedro moRvawe, romlebsac 1924 wlis ajanyebaSi aranairi monawileobis miReba SeeZloT. ajanyebis dawyebamde mZevlebad ayvanili cnobili moRvaweebi: noe xomeriki, valiko juReli, benia CxikviSvili, vasil nodia, gogita faRava da giorgi winamZRvriSvili suzdalis cixeSi hyavdaT Camwyvdeuli, xolo ajanyebis dawyebisTanave kavkasiisaken daabrunes da gzaSi, sadRac _ moskovsa da rostovs Sua, romeliRac sadgurze daxvrites (22. 25; 33. 122; 51. 54, 61; 58. 5; 60. 72-73; 69. 2; 74. 71; 87. 12; 101. 37; 124. 111; 133. 235-236, 249). represiebi mTel saqarTveloSi ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdegac gagrZelda. ajanyebis bevri monawile, Tu eWvmitanili yovelgvari gamoZiebisa da gasamarTlebis gareSe daxvrites. wiTeli teroris msxverplTa zusti raodenoba, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, cnobili araa, Tumca arsebobs savaraudo cifrebi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, valiko CubiniZe miuTiTebs 3918 daRupuls, magram iqve umatebs, rom “daxvretilTa raodenoba mniSvnelovnad metia” (2. 21; 133. 241-243); “saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis mokle istoriaSi” miTiTebulia, rom “ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi daxvretil iqna 4000-ze meti adamiani” (101. 37); 1924 wlis ajanyebis erT-erTma meTaurma, sabWoTa xelisuflebisagan ukve msjavrdebulma “damkomis” Tavmjdomarem _ kote andronikaSvilma msxverplis Sesaxeb Semdegi cnobebi miawoda 1925 wels TbilisSi myof safrangeTis muSaTa profkavSirul delegacias: “ajanyebasTan dakavSirebiT, Cveni monacemebiT, gausamarTleblad sikvdiliT dasjilia oTxi aTasze meti adamiani, ramodenime aseuli gasaxlebuli ruseTSi... bevria kidev msxverpli, romlis raodenoba Cven jer ar viciT (58. 5; 60. 72-73); noe Jordania Tavis statiaSi “ra moxda?!” asaxelebs 5000 daRupuls (22. 25); ioseb iremaSvilis TqmiT, “1924 wlis 29 agvistos ajanyebaSi 6000 kaci daiRupa” (51. 95); remon diuge wers: “zustad aravin icis, magram amboben, am veluri represiebis Sedegad 7000 adamiani daiRupao” (33. 121); daRupulTa Sesaxeb sruliad gansxvavebul cifrs miuTiTebs sergo orjonikiZe: “ajanyebis CaxSobis dros sul daxvretili da moklulia 980 kaci” (36. 3). amJamad qarTul istoriografiaSi 1924 wlis ajanyebis msxverplTa savaraudo raodenobad miCneulia 4-7 aTasi adamiani (138. 45). aqve gvsurs movitanoT amonaridi ssrk sagareo saqmeTa saxalxo komisris _ giorgi CiCerinis gancxadebidan, saqarTvelos Sesaxeb “erTa ligis” mier 1924 wlis seqtemberSi miRebul rezoluciasTan dakavSirebiT, saidanac Zalian kargad Cans tradiciuli rusuli politikuri cinizmi: “e. w. “erTa ligis” wminda agitaciuri gamosvla da wminda butaforiuli e. w. ajanyeba saqarTveloSi erTi da igive gegmis Semadgenel nawilebs warmoadgens. uimedo, sruliad dekoratiuli afeTqeba saqarTveloSi SekveTilia maT mier, vinc mas SemdgomSi sabWoTa respublikis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli saagitacio kampaniis da, kerZod, masTan SeTanxmebebis winaaRmdeg iyenebda. mTeli rigi dokumentebi damajereblad amtkicebs, rom uimedo qarTuli afeTqeba SekveTili, momzadebuli da mxardaWerili iyo burJuaziuli mTavrobebis mier. erTa ligis sruliad dauSvebelma rezoluciam, romelic ssr kavSiris saSinao saqmeSi uxeS Carevas warmoadgens, sabolood gaxsna Cveni mowinaaRmdegeebis kartebi. isini gangeb cdiloben, Seqmnan cru ajanyeba imisaTvis, raTa gamoiyenon is TiTqosda mravalricxovan saxelmwifoTa agitaciuri gamosvlebisaTvis da dartyma miayenon sabWoTa kavSiris saerTaSoriso mdgomareobas, moaxdinon misi diskreditacia da izolireba” (116. 533). qaquca ColoyaSvili sami kviris ganmavlobaSi eloda dedaqalaqidan cnobebs... saubedurod, bolos Seityo qarTveli xalxis damarcxebis ambavi. aucileblad iqna miCneuli saqarTvelos datoveba, radganac uamisodac didi msxverplis kidev ufro gamravleba iyo mosalodneli. elizbar mayaSvili wers, rom qaqucam Sekriba Seficulebi da Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: “unda davtovoT, Zmebo, saqarTvelo. Cveni aq yofniT daiRvreba udanaSaulo sisxli mcxovrebTa. aTasobiT datyvevebulni mZevlebad arian gamocxadebulni, gamomwyvdeulni sapatimroebSi. unda davtovoT Cveni miwa-wyali. mterTan brZola ar gaTavebula. vimedovneb, kvlav davubrundebiT Cvens miwa-wyals da saerTo yiJiniT vekveTebiT mters, movipovebT samudamo gamarjvebas da avafrialebT qarTul samferovan droSas!” (75. 30). al. sulxaniSvilis TqmiT, “Cven winaswar gvqonda gadawyvetili, rom Tu am amboxebasac wavagebdiT, sazRvargareT unda wavsuliyaviT. ubralod, veRar gavuZeliT xalxis sacodaobas... xelisufleba Cven ki verafers gvaklebda, magram, samagierod, Cvens javrs xalxze iyrida xolme da ganurCevlad tyavs aZrobda damnaSavesa da udanaSaulos” (106. 243). “SeficulTa” razmis emigraciaSi wasvlis igive motivs asaxelebs niko nakaSiZec: “raTa qarTveli xalxis Jleta cota mainc Sesustebuliyo, qaqucas unda daetovebina sayvareli samSoblo da ucxoeTs gadaxvewiliyo. mteri ver iTmenda mis iq yofnas da uiaraRo xalxsa Jletda. yoveli qarTveli im imediT scxovrobda, rom qaquca male dabrundeboda da ers uxelmZRvanelebda” (125. 617). kaxeTidan wasvlis win qaqucam ukanasknelad naxa Tavisi axloblebi, gamoemSvidoba ojaxis wevrebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT, arsebobs misi mezoblis, Cvens mier zemoxsenebuli babe qitaSvilis mogoneba: “qaqucam ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg, gadawyvita ucxoeTSi wasuliyo Tavis SeficulebTan erTad. igi gamoemSvidoba ra ojaxs, gamomemSvidoba mec da miTxra: “babale, me rom waval, Cadi Tqvens venaxSi..., moWrili kakali rom dgas, mis bayiloSi (moWrili kaklidan amoyrili ylorti) Cemi iaraRi iqneba damaluli. Sen viTom SemTxveviT naxe, maSinve adgilobriv xelisuflebas Seatyobine”. asec moviqeci, movidnen xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi. erT-erTma Tqva: “es iaraRi qaqucasi iqneba”-o. daudes cxenis uremze da waiRes” (84. 42). kaxeTidan TurqeTis saxelmwifo sazRvrisken mimavalma Seficulebma gzad gare kaxeTi, daviT garejis monasteri, yaraiazis veli, qvemo qarTli da TrialeTi gaiares. mgzavrobis dros maT uamravi xifaTis gadatana mouxdaT, radgan mdevari kvaldakval misdevdaT. al. sulxaniSvilis cnobiT, am periodSi mTeli razmi usaxsrod iyo. zogierTebs qaquca ColoyaSvilisTvis uTxoviaT, neba mogveci, romelime saxelmwifo dawesebuleba gavZarcvoTo, razec qaqucas ase upasuxia: “xom iciT, rom komunistebi yaCaRebs gveZaxian Cven; cdiloben, xalxi daarwmunon, rom Cven marTla yaCaRebi varT da ara politikuri mebrZolebi. Cven rom axla, am wasvlis win, sadme daveceT da fuli gavitacoT, maSin komunistebi xalxs etyvian: ai, xom geubnebodiT, rom egeni yaCaRebi arian, fuli gaitaces da sazRvargareT gavidneno! amas nu gavakeTebT. aqamdisin gaWirvebiT, mravaljer SimSiliTac vemsaxureT samSoblos interesebs da axla Tavs nu gaviWuWyianebT”. bolos, yvela dayabulda qaqucas azrs. ase aRmovCndiT samSoblos farglebs miRma RvTis anabara” (106. 254-255). bolos, TurqeTic gamoCnda. “jer kidev saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze myofma beladma erTi muWa saqarTvelos miwa patara toprakSi gamohkra, mowiwebiT emTxvia dedamiwas da ZafiT yelze Camoikida. exla iqiT, iwyeboda ucxoeTis miwa” (e. mayaSvili) (75. 31). s. zaldastaniSvilis SefasebiT, romelsac Cven mTlianad veTanxmebiT, „sami wlis ganmavlobaSi SiSvel-titvelma, mSier-mwyurvalma qaixosro ColoyaSvilma pirnaTlad Seasrula Tavisi movaleoba samSoblos winaSe. qarTveli eri amayobs misi saxeliT” (43. 38). qarTul sazogadoebriobaSi imTaviTve winaaRmdegobrivi azri arsebobda (da dResac asea) 1924 wlis ajanyebis mowyobis mizanSewonilobasTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sayuradReboa germaneli profesoris _ erix obstis mosazreba, romelic 1924 wlis Semodgomaze TbilisSi imyofeboda da imave wlis dekemberSi germanul JurnalSi “Zeitschrift fuer Geopolitik” dabeWda statia saxelwodebiT “saqarTvelo _ geopolitikuri narkvevi”. misi TqmiT, “qarTulma inteligenciam, 1924 wlis zafxulSi, glexebTan da muSebTan erTad, iaraRs xeli staca _ Caidines es maT samSoblos mimarT wmida da Tavdadebuli siyvarulisa gamo. maT mimarTes am ukiduresobas im SegnebiT, rom sxvagvarad, mTeli qarTveli xalxis mier mRvived nanatri erovnuli damoukidebloba miuRweveli ariso” (83. 7-8).
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III თავი _ ქაქუცა ჩოლოყაშვილი და “შეფიცულთა” რაზმი ემიგრაციაში
(1924 წ. სექტემბერი-1930 წ. ივნისი) |
როგორი განწყობით გადაჰკვეთდა ქაქუცა ჩოლოყაშვილი თურქეთის სახელმწიფო საზღვარს, ძნელი წარმოსადგენი არ არის. ტყვეობაში მყოფ სამშობლოს გარდა, მის გულს მოურჩენელ იარად აწვა ძვირფას ადამიანებზე დარდი. ქაქუცამ კარგად იცდა იმ სასტიკი დევნის შესახებ, რომელიც მისი ახლობლების წინააღმდეგ წარმოებდა. ენით აუწერელია ის ტანჯვა-წამება, რაც ქაქუცას საფიცარმა ადამიანებმა: დედამ, მეუღლემ, შვილებმა და სხვ. გამოიარეს "ჩეკას" ხელში. მათ დაიჭირეს ქაქუცას მეუღლე ნინო, 7 წლის თამარი და 3 წლის ქეთევანი. მაშინ იყო, თელავის მილიციის უფროსი ჭურღულია რომ უპირებდა მათ კასრში ცეცხლში დაწვას, მაშინ დახვრიტეს ქაქუცას სიმამრი ილია მეღვინეთუხუცესი, მაშინ ჰქონდა დახვრეტის მუხლი მიყენებული ნინოს და რაღაც სასწაულით გადაურჩა სიკვდილით დასჯას. რომელი ერთი ჩამოვთვალოთ... ცხოვრება წამებად უქციეს ქაქუცას ქალიშვილებს: დევნა, გადასახლება, შიმშილი _ აი, მათი ცხოვრების მუდმივი თანამდევი იმ წლებში.
ალ. კარგარეთელის ცნობით, თავდაპირველად “მოვიდა მხოლოდ თვრამეტი კაცის ნებართვა. მოგვიხდა ხელმეორედ გაყოფა. ქაქუცა და ჩვიდმეტი კაცი წავიდნენ, ჩვენ კიდევ ერთი თვე დავრჩით” (54. 26).
ალ. სულხანიშვილი თავის მოგონებებში მიუთითებს, რომ სოსიპატრე ასათიანი მათ მარსელში ზუსტად ისევე მოექცა, როგორც კონსტანტინე გვარჯალაძე _ სტამბულში: “ჭიჭიკო ასათიანმა განაცხადა: “ფრანგები პარიზში არ უშვებენ ლტოლვილებს, თუ მათ ბანკში ფული არა აქვთ. ჩვენ ქაქუცას სახელით კი შევიტანთ, მაგრამ ამდენი ხალხის მაგივრად არ შეგვიძლია ფულის შეტანა ბანკში!”-ო.
აღნიშნული დოკუმენტებიდან ირკვევა, რომ კონსტანტინე გვარჯალაძე ნამდვილად აპირებდა “შეფიცულთა” რაზმის წევრების მძიმე სამუშაოებზე გაგზავნას; სოსიპატრე (ჭიჭიკო) ასათიანი სულაც არ იყო მარსელში “გამოგზავნილი სპეციალურათ ჩვენი გზების ასარევათ”, როგორც ამას ალ. სულხანიშვილი და ალ. ბადურაშვილი ამტკიცებდნენ; პირიქით, აკაკი ჩხენკელის დავალებით, იგი შეძლებისდაგვარად ცდილობდა ლტოლვილებისთვის დახმარების აღმოჩენას; უტყუარად დგინდება ისიც, რომ საფრანგეთში საქართველოს საელჩოს ფინანსური მდგომარეობა, მართლაც, მეტად მძიმე იყო და მისი წარმომადგენლები თითოეულ ფრანკს უფრთხილდებოდნენ და ზოგავდნენ. თუმცა ამავე საარქივო მასალიდან ისიც კარგად ჩანს, თუ როგორ ყოფდნენ ემიგრანტ ქართველებს “ჩვენიანებად” და “სხვისიანებად” საქართველოს ემიგრანტული მთავრობის წარმომადგენლები; როგორ შესტკიოდათ განსაკუთრებით გული მენშევიკური პარტიის წევრ ქართველ ლტოლვილებზე და სხვ.
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